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Earth Science Spring Quarterly Review

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A geologist is exploring a cave with a pack of supplies and scientific instruments. Which statement about a rock he finds is an inference?

a)

The rock has rounded edges.

b)

The rock is black with white spots.

c)

The rock is very old.

d)

The rock has a mass of 45.5 grams.

2.

The line graph below shows the relationship of mass and volume of a mineral. What is the density of this mineral?

(hint: find two spots on the graph where you can easily read the mass & volume and plug into the formula)

a)

3.0 g/cm3

b)

6.0 g/cm3

c)

9.0 g/cm3

d)

12.0 g/cm3

3.

The primary purpose of a classification system is to enable people to

a)

make measurements that are very accurate

b)

eliminate inaccurate inferences

c)

organize observations in a meaningful way

d)

extend their powers of observation

4.

3) The lines on which set of views best represent Earth's latitude system?

a)
b)
c)
d)
5.

10) Which point on the diagram correctly locates 15° S and 30° W?

a)

Z

b)

Y

c)

X

d)

W

6.

The diagram below shows latitude measurements every 10 degrees and longitude measurements every 15 degrees.


What is the latitude and longitude of point X?

a)

40° S 45° E

b)

50° N 45° W

c)

60° S 30° W

d)

75° N 30° E

7.

Which diagram best represents the location of Polaris for an observer located at the Equator?

a)
b)
c)
d)
8.

The angle of the star Polaris above the northern horizon can be used to determine an observer's

a)

solar time

b)

latitude

c)

longitude

d)

local time

9.

9) What is the time in New York City when it is noon in Denver? (The shading represents time zones.)

a)

10 am

b)

noon

c)

2 pm

d)

3 pm

10.

What is the contour interval of this map?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

30

d)

40

11.

What is the elevation at point A?

a)

500 ft

b)

50 ft

c)

100 ft

d)

250 ft

12.

What is a possible elevation for point C?

a)

300 ft

b)

50 ft

c)

325 ft

d)

250 ft

13.

The diagram below is a contour map. Between which two points is the slope of the hill steepest?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

A and D

14.

Match the topographic map to its profile.

a)
b)
c)
d)
15.
In which direction is Mill River flowing?
a)
Southeast
b)
Southwest
c)
Northeast
d)
Northwest
16.

What is the name of the contact metamorphic rock found at A?

a)

Slate

b)

Sandstone

c)

Quartzite

d)

Marble

17.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
18.
What is the MAIN way rocks are classified?
a)
Their color and shapes
b)
How they form
c)
Mineral bands
d)
Where they form
19.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
20.

Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is

a)

more dense and mafic

b)

more dense and felsic

c)

less dense and mafic

d)

less dense and felsic

21.

Approximately which percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above water?

a)

30%

b)

50%

c)

70%

d)

90%

22.

Which layer of Earth's interior is inferred to be composed of solid iron and nickel?

a)

asthenosphere

b)

stiffer mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

23.

The first S-Wave reaches a seismic station 22 minutes after an earthquake occurred. How long did it take the first P-Wave to reach the same seismic station?

a)

8 minutes 50 seconds

b)

10 minutes 00 seconds

c)

12 minutes 00 seconds

d)

12 minutes 50 seconds

24.

Scoria is a type of rock that forms most directly from the process of

a)

solidification

b)

cementation

c)

erosion

d)

metamorphism

25.

The element silicon (Si) is used in the production of cell phones. Which mineral could be a possible source of this silicon?

a)

calcite

b)

galena

c)

halite

d)

quartz

26.

The San Andreas Fault, in the Western United States, is an example of a

a)

transform plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

convergent plate boundary

d)

complex plate boundary

27.

The San Andreas Fault, in the Western United States, is an example of a

a)

transform plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

convergent plate boundary

d)

complex plate boundary

28.
An INTRUSIVE igneous rock with large crystals is formed:
a)
When magma cools quickly. 
b)
At the bottom of the ocean. 
c)
When magma cools slowly, allowing time for crystals to grow. 
d)
At the top of a mountain. 
29.
Which will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart? 
a)
volcanic island arc
b)
continental mountains
c)
continental rift
d)
oceanic trench 
30.
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a)
trench
b)
ocean ridge
c)
Volcanic Island Arc
d)
Continental Volcanic Arc
31.
In sea-floor spreading the newest rock is found
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
trench
c)
abyssal plain
32.

Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is a method of determining its __________.

a)

color

b)

hardness

c)

streak

d)

cleavage

33.

Which mineral property is best illustrated by the following diagram?

a)

hardness

b)

streak

c)

cleavage

d)

density

34.

Which mineral property is being tested in the following diagram?

a)

density

b)

luster

c)

fracture

d)

streak

35.

Which of the following is located at a converging plate boundary?

a)

Southwest Indian Ridge

b)

Iceland Hotspot

c)

Marianas Trench

d)

Sandwich Plate

36.

The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by...

a)

tidal motions in the hydrosphere

b)

density differences in the troposphere

c)

convection currents in the asthenosphere

d)

solidification in the lithosphere

37.

At which plate boundary is one lithospheric plate sliding under another?

a)

Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate

b)

Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate

c)

Indian-Australian Plate and Antarctic Plate

d)

Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate

38.

The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates.

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

complex

d)

transform

39.

Which cross section best represents the convection currents in the mantle beneath the Peru-Chile Trench?

a)

b)

c)

d)

40.

What is the approximate location of the Tasman Hot Spot in the Pacific Ocean

a)

36oN 160oW

b)

36oS 160oE

c)

160oN 36oW

d)

160oS 36oE

41.

A seismic recording station located 4000 km from the epicenter of an earthquake received the first P-wave at 7:10:00 pm (h:min:s). Other information that could be determined from this recording was that the earthquake occured at approximately

a)

7:03:00 pm, and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40 pm

b)

7:03:00 pm, and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40 pm

c)

7:17:00 pm, and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40 pm

d)

7:17:00 pm, and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40 pm

42.

Which mineral contains iron, has a metallic luster, is hard, and has the same color and streak?

a)

A) biotite mica

b)

B) kaolinite

c)

C) galena

d)

D) magnetite

43.

According to the Properties of Common Minerals Earth Science reference table, which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratched by olivine?

a)

A) quartz

b)

B) potassium feldspar

c)

C) muscovite mica

d)

D) galena

44.

According to the ESRTS, which element is most abundant in the Earth's crust?

a)

A) silicon

b)

B) oxygen

c)

C) nitrogen

d)

D) hydrogen

45.

What is the gradient along the straight line between points A and B?

a)

10 ft/mi

b)

20 ft/mi

c)

25 ft/mi

d)

35 ft/mi

46.

A fast-moving river carries rocks downstream.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

47.

Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

48.

Four quartz samples of equal size and shape were placed in a stream. Which of the four quartz samples below has most likely been transported farthest in the stream?

a)

b)

c)

d)

49.

Which event is an example of chemical weathering?

a)

  1. rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff

b)

  1. feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles

c)

  1. water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop

d)

  1. acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock

50.
In which type of climate would weathering happen the fastest to a rock?
a)
wet and warm
b)
dry and cold
c)
wet and cold
d)
dry and warm
51.

Which changes in surface water movement are likely to occur when vegetation is removed from the side of a hill?

a)

infiltration decreases and runoff decreases

b)

infiltration decreases and runoff increases

c)

infiltration increases and runoff decreases

d)

infiltration increases and runoff increases

52.

As a quartz pebble is transported by a stream, the pebble will become more rounded as a result of

a)

dissolving as water is running over the rock

b)

abrasion by colliding with other rocks

c)

deposition in well-sorted layers

d)

resistance to weathering and erosion

53.

The formation of soil is primarily the result of

a)

stream erosion and mass movement

b)

stream deposition and runoff

c)

precipitation and wind erosion

d)

weathering and biological activity

54.

Which type of weathering is most common where the average yearly temperature is 5°C and the average yearly precipitation is 45 cm? Refer to diagram!

a)

moderate chemical weathering

b)

very slight weathering

c)

moderate chemical weathering with frost action

d)

slight frost action 

55.

Base your answer to the question on the flowchart. Which substance is represented by X on both sides of the flowchart?

a)

potassium feldspar

b)

air

c)

hydrochloric acid

d)

water

56.

Which type of rock was chemically weathered by acidic groundwater to produce the cave and its features?

a)

siltstone

b)

basalt

c)

quartzite

d)

limestone

57.

Equal masses of each of the three particles are placed in a container of weak acid and shaken.  Which particle size will weather most rapidly?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

58.

Which type of sediment sample normally has the greatest PERMEABILITY rate?

a)

unsorted pebbles

b)

unsorted sand

c)

sorted pebbles

d)

sorted sand

59.

The diagram below represents cross sections of equal-size beakers A, B, and C, filled with beads.

Which statement best compares the porosity in the three beakers?

a)

Beaker A and beaker B have the same porosity, and beaker C has the least porosity.

b)

Beaker A and beaker B have the same porosity, and beaker C has the greatest porosity.

c)

Beaker C has the greatest porosity, beaker B has less porosity, and beaker A has the least porosity.

60.

Which property of loose earth materials most likely increases as particle size decreases?

a)

capillarity

b)

infiltration

c)

permeability

d)

porosity

61.

Which process describes the downward sliding of the rock material?

a)

tidal changes

b)

glacial erosion

c)

mass movement

d)

lava flow

62.

Which process is represented by letter F?

a)

capillarity

b)

infiltration

c)

condensation

d)

vaporization

63.

Rainwater will enter the ground at X if the ground is:

a)

saturated and permeable

b)

saturated and impermeable

c)

unsaturated and permeable

d)

unsaturated and impermeable

64.

The cross sections show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3?

a)

kettle lake

b)

finger lake

c)

drumlin

d)

parallel scratches

65.

The diagram represents a stream valley. Which diagram below best shows how this valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it?

a)
b)
c)
d)
66.
_____ are are lines deposited at bottom or along sides of glaciers.
a)
Eskers
b)
Till
c)
Erratics
d)
Moraines
67.
_____ are enormous boulders transported and deposited by glaciers, often far from their source region.
a)
Till
b)
Erratics
c)
Moraines
d)
Fjords
68.

Very large division of geologic time; usually referred to as the longest division of time. (ESRT pg 8)

a)

Era

b)

Epoch 

c)

Eon 

d)

Period

69.
Subdivision of an eon (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic)
a)
Era 
b)
Period
c)
Epoch 
d)
Eon 
70.
Subdivision of an Era
a)
Era 
b)
Eon 
c)
Period 
d)
Epock
71.

A widespread fossil from a specific time; used to help identify the age of other formations. 

a)

Trace Fossil 

b)

Mold Fossil 

c)

Cast Fossil 

d)

Index Fossil 

72.

Time period of Acadian orogeny (mountains) caused by collision of North American and Avalon: (ESRT pg 9)

a)

Silurian

b)

Devonian

c)

Cambrian

d)

Permian

73.

What is the currently accepted age of Earth? (ESRT pg 8)

a)

about 3 million years old

b)

about 10 billion years old

c)

about 4600 million years old

d)

about 5.6 million years old

74.

Humans have been on Earth for approximately __ of Earth's total history.

a)

50%

b)

20%

c)

90%

d)

1%

75.

Trilobite index fossil Phacops was found during which period?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Silurian

c)

Devonian

d)

Cretaceous

76.

Mass extinction of the dinosaurs marks the end of this period:

a)

Cretaceous

b)

Cambrian

c)

Jurassic 

d)

Cenozoic 

77.

Earliest Flowering Plants:

a)

Ordovician

b)

Paleogene

c)

Cretaceous

78.

Which layer is YOUNGER? Layer M or Intrusion P?

a)

Layer M

b)

Intrusion P

79.
States that younger rock is found above older rock when comparing undisturbed sedimentary rock layers. 
a)
Law of Thermodynamics 
b)
Law of Gravity 
c)
Law of Superposition 
d)
Murphy's Law
80.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Fault H?

a)

Layer E

b)

Fault H

81.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Intrusion A?

a)

Layer E

b)

Intrusion A

82.

Which layer is OLDER? Fault E or Intrusion D?

a)

Fault E

b)

Intrusion D

83.

Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recent organisms?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

84.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
85.
The best index fossils have which two traits?
a)
widespread geographically, long lifespan
b)
widespread geographically, short lifespan
c)
specific place, long lifespan
d)
specific place, short lifespan
86.
Which fossil makes the best index fossil?
a)
Fossil 1
b)
Fossil 2
c)
Fossil 3
d)
None follow all of the rules
87.
Fossil remains of a trilobite are most likely to be found in which type of rock?
a)
igneous
b)
volcanic
c)
sedimentary
d)
metamorphic
88.

What lettered rock layer is the youngest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

89.

Volcanic ash can be used as a time marker to correlate rock layers because the ash

a)

is deposited rapidly over a large area

b)

represents a buried erosional surface

c)

forms intrusive igneous rock

d)

cuts across rock layers

90.

The diagram shows a geologic cross section. Letters A through D represent different rock units. Which sequence correctly shows the age of the lettered rock units, from oldest to youngest?

a)

A -> B -> C -> D

b)

C -> D -> A -> B

c)

D -> B -> A -> C

d)

D -> C -> B -> A

91.

What is the geologic age sequence of the surface bedrock from Ithaca, NY to Watertown, NY?

a)

Ordovician, Taconic, Cambrian

b)

Ordovician Tertiary, Pleistocene

c)

Devonian, Silurian, Cambrian

d)

Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician

92.

Which pie graph best shows the relative length of time of the major intervals of Earth's geologic history?

a)
b)
c)
d)
93.

Valcouroceras is a NYS index fossil. Which mountain-building event occurred in NYS during the time when Valcouroceras was living in oceans covering parts of NYS?

a)

Alleghenian orogeny

b)

Acadian orogeny

c)

Taconian orogeny

d)

Grenville orogeny

94.

What is the geologic age of the surface bedrock of most of the Allegheny Plateau landscape region in NYS?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Devonian

c)

Silurian

d)

Ordovician

95.

The major source of oxygen in Earth's Early Proterozoic atmosphere is inferred to have been produced by

a)

oceanic cyanobacteria

b)

outgassing from volcanic eruptions

c)

radioactive decay in Earth's inner core

d)

evaporation of ocean water

96.

The diagram shows the evolutionary development of the horse, as supported by the fossil record. Which statement best explains the changing appearance of the horse, as supported by the fossil record?

a)

the horse evolved due to the influence of humans

b)

the horse evolved from a complex life-form to a simpler life-form

c)

the horse evolved into a life-form better able to survive

d)

the horse evolved from larger ancestors without forelimbs

97.

A fossil formed 11,400 years ago. Which percentage of the original amount of carbon-14 remains in the fossil?

a)

100%

b)

50%

c)

25%

d)

12.5%

98.

The graph below shows the decay of a radioactive material over time. How long does it take for this radioactive material to decay through 2 half lives?

a)

1 x 103 years

b)

10 x 103 years

c)

5 x 103 years

d)

40 x 103 years

99.

Due to radioactive decay, an igneous rock sample now contains 1/4 of the amount of potassium-40 that it originally contained. The age, in years, of this rock sample is approximately

a)

.7 x 109 years

b)

1.3 x 109 years

c)

2.6 x 109 years

d)

5.2 x 109 years

100.

The diagram represents a sample of rubidium-87 (87Rb). Which diagram represents the correct proportion of 87Rb to its decay product, 87Sr, after two half-lives?

a)
b)
c)
d)
101.

True or False: The rate of Decay of a radioactive element changes frequently

a)

True

b)

False

102.

The time it takes for half of a radioactive element's atom to decay is its

a)

era

b)

relative age

c)

absolute age

d)

half-life

103.

The graph below shows the radioactive decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope.

According to the graph, what is the half-life of the isotope?

a)

100 years

b)

150 years

c)

200 years

d)

300 years

104.

A rock contains uranium-238, which has a half-life of 4.5 × 109 years. If the rock is crushed and heated, the half-life of the uranium-238 it contains will

a)

decrease

b)

increase

c)

remain the same

105.

What is weathering?

a)

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.

b)

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity deposit rock sediments and soil in a new place.

c)

The breaking down of Earth’s crust into smaller and smaller pieces.

106.

The 2 types of weathering are _________

a)

alpha & beta

b)

physical & conventional

c)

conduction & convection

d)

chemical & physical

107.

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

a)

Erosion breaks down the rocks, and weathering carries the broken pieces away.

b)

Erosion carries broken pieces away, and weathering builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

c)

Weathering carries broken pieces away, and erosion builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

d)

Weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion carries the broken pieces away.

108.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Exfoliation

109.
The diagrams  shows a natural process that weathers rock.
 Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)

water can melt rock during the day

b)

water expands when it freezes

c)

frozen water has no effect on the rock

d)

frozen water dissolves most types of rock

110.

These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:

a)

ice wedging

b)

acid rain

c)

oxidation

d)

abrasion

111.

A type of chemical weathering in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Reaction to water

d)

Exfoliation

112.
What is is called when water turns into a vapor?
a)
EVAPORATION
b)
PRECIPITATION
c)
TRANSPIRATION
113.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
114.
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
water
d)
the moon
115.

The process by which water moves into & through the soil

a)

Precipitation

b)

Infiltration

c)

Condensation

d)

Evaporation

116.

Water running off the land surface

a)

Evaporation

b)

Sublimation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Run-off

117.

When clouds get too heavy and water falls back to earth in the form of rain, snow, hail or other forms.

a)

Precipitation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Percolation

d)

Transpiration

118.
The changes to water when it evaporates into the air, condenses into clouds, and then precipitates back down to Earth's surface
a)
water cycle
b)
evaporation
c)
condensation
d)
precipitation
119.

What is the dewpoint for the following station model?

a)

10 ºF

b)

23 ºF

c)

65 ºF

d)

75 ºF

120.

What is the present weather for the following station model?

a)

rain

b)

thunderstorms

c)

drizzle

d)

fog

121.

What is the wind direction for the following station model?

a)

north

b)

east

c)

northwest

d)

northeast

122.

What is the wind speed for the following station model?

a)

10 knots

b)

15 knots

c)

20 knots

d)

25 knots

123.

What is the station model code for a barometric pressure of 1019.5 mb?

a)

101

b)

195

c)

019

d)

119

124.
Which tool measures air pressure?
a)
Thermometer
b)
Barometer
c)
Wind Vane
d)
Hygrometer
125.
Which tool measures wind speed?
a)
Anemometer
b)
Hygrometer
c)
Barometer
d)
Wind Vane

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