In B oxidation, The carboxyl group at C1 is activated by

Fatty Acid oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

Cartinine acyl transferase 1 is activated by

Carnitine acyl transferase 1 is inhibited by

What inhibits B- hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase

What inhibits thiolase

Select the steps of B oxidation in peroxisomes

In perixosomes, the oxidase the introduces the double bond passes electrons to O2 producing H2O2 which is then cleaved to H2O and O2.

What molecule generates the active form of fatty acids before B oxidation

What is used to transport fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix for B oxidation

Used as a cofactor for B oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids

Vitamin B12 is used in

Fatty Acid synthesis takes place in the

Fatty Acids are made from

Fatty Acid Synthesis is activated by

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle

Where is acetyl coA made

Used as a co factor in fatty acid synthesis

The conversion of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl Coa in fatty acid synthesis by Acetyl CoA carboxylase:

The first product of fatty aid synthesis is a saturated fatty acid that must undergo oxidation reactions to introduce double bonds to make unsaturated fatty acids.

Nitrogenous molecules are not stored, and organisms use them

economically and they are often salvaged and reused.

Select all that are situations where amino acids could be used for energy

Most amino acids are metabolized in the liver

Select all that are fates of excess amino groups

Certain amino acids are easily converted to citric acid intermediates. What are they?

Amino acid oxidation involves

Deamination is catalyzed by

Transfer of amino group between amino acids to

an α-keto acid.

Process where glutamate is oxidized and ammonium (NH4+) and α-ketoglutarate function as the main keto acid to accept amino groups from other amino acids

catalyzed by aminotransferases and is reversible. Converts an amino acid into glutamate

catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase and is reversible. Oxidizes glutamate to an a-keto acid and NH4

Glutamate dehydrogenase uses

Which is a cofactor for aminotransferase activity

Select all that are pyridoxal phosphate dependent reactions

Glutamate dehydrogenase (catalyzes oxidative deamination of glutamate) is activated by

Glutamate dehydrogenase (catalyzes oxidative deamination of glutamate) is inhibited by

Oxidative deamination produces

a ketoglutarate produced in oxidative deamination of glutamate can be used in:

High activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases reflect high

levels of hepatic transamination of amino acids in the liver

Deamination of threonine is catalyzed by

Free ammonia produced in tissues is combined with glutamate to yield glutamine

by the action of

Glutamine transport is a form of ___ transport between tissues

What reactions would be affected by vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate) deficiency

.NH3 from all tissues is transported to

____ and used in ____synthesis.

Ammonia is transported as

____ between ____

and the _____

The urea cycle takes place in

Which part of the urea cycle produces urea

which amino acids carry ammonia from tissues to the liver

During amino acid deamination reactions, the final a-amino group acceptor is a-ketoglutarate forming ____(A). A can then gain another NH4 group to produce ____ (B), a carrier form of NH4. In the liver, B is deaminated to A. All amino groups pooled in A are then removed by _____, and enter the urea cycle. This reaction generates a-ketoglutarate.

B6 is a cofactor in transamination reactions. The cofactor binds the active sites of an enzyme through lysine side chains. During catalysis, the side chain amino group of lysine is replaced by the a-amino group of amino acids.

What types of reactions would be affected by B6 deficiency

Polyphyrins make up the heme of hemoglobin and are made from

Glutathione is made from

S-S single bonds are almost twice as strong as ____single bonds. 

What gets rid of H2O2 in the Reactive Oxygen Species production pathway

GSH is uses glutathione peroxidase to

GSSG is uses glutathione reductase to

Glutathione reductase is a family of proteins that transfer electrons from NADPH to FAD and to a redox-active disulfide bond in the active site, which then reduces the substrate ____to ____

Cysteine is the rate limiting substrate for ____ synthesis

Fatty Acid Synthesis requires

How to muscle cells get energy from ketones

Glucagon stimulates

B oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids yields

What happens to propionyl CoA

Two carbon units in acetyl coA produced in the matrix from pathways is exporten into the cytoplasm to make fatty acids by

Glutathione is made of

Fatty acid synthesis to produce palmitate requires ___ ATP and ____ NADPH

The NADPH needed for FA synthesis comes from

Fatty Acid synthesis requires ___ ATP to start while Fatty acid oxidation requires ___ ATP to start

coenzyme A in the cytosol is used for FA synthesis

Select all enzymes required for B oxidation of saturated fatty acids