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Environmental Science Semester 2 Review

Total questions: 132

Worksheet time: 2hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is oil?
a)
A viscus liquid derived from petroleum, used as a fuel or lubricant.
b)
Yellow to black liquid found in geological formations
c)
Chemicals found in trees
2.
Where is most oil found?
a)
Land drilling
b)
Life drilling
c)
Tree drilling
d)
Ocean drilling
3.
Is oil nonrenewable?
a)
True 
b)
false
4.
Oil has been around for millions of years. But where did it come from?
a)
Organisms that kived million of years ago
b)
Prehistoric plants
c)
Prehistoric aquatic life
d)
All of the above
5.
How is oil harmful to birds
a)
Toxic if ingested.
b)
Covers feathers leading to hypothermia or hypothermia.
c)
focus on preening leads to severe weight loss, anemia and dehydration.
d)
All are correct.
6.
Six years after the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico the entire habitat and surrounding areas are completely rid of oil.
a)
True
b)
False
7.
The BP oil spill only affected plants animals, not humans and their economy. 
a)
True
b)
False
8.
What environment does an OIL SPILL effect?
a)
forests 
b)
grassland 
c)
oceans
d)
deserts 
9.
What can humans do to help animals in an oil spill?
a)
spill more oil
b)
leave the oil there
c)
wash and clean the animals
d)
nothing, the animals will not perish
10.
What is the cause of an oil spill?
a)
humans spill cooking (cosinar) oil in the water
b)
the animals bring the oil
c)
 oil spills never happen 
d)
accidents from oil companies
11.
What organisms will thrive(: because of an oil spill?
a)
wales
b)
fish
c)
plants
d)
no organisms
12.

Are fossil fuels renewable resources or non-renewable resources?

a)

Renewable

b)

Non-Renewable

13.

What the name of a rock with a lot of minerals?

a)

Ore

b)

Zinc

c)

Cobalt

d)

Platinum

14.
Ore is 
a)
any type of rock
b)
a rock with metals
c)
a rock with metals worth something to someone
d)
a rock with minerals
15.
A restoration of the land to its previous condition.
a)
recycling
b)
re-naturalization
c)
reduction
d)
reclamation
16.
Which of the following is not a negative effect of mining?
a)
Pollution
b)
Erosion
c)
Landslides
d)
Earthquakes
17.

Mining produces a lot of waste

a)

True

b)

False

18.
Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable because they.......
a)
require expensive equipment
b)
take millions of years to replace
c)
can be found all over 
d)
provide all the energy we use
19.
What must be present for Fossil Fuels to form?
a)
Bones and Sediment
b)
Dead Organisms and Layers of Sediment
c)
Dead Organisms, Layers of Sediment, and Heat & Pressure over time
d)
Bones, Layers of Sediment, and Heat & Pressure over time
20.
__________is another name for oil, a liquid fossil fuel?
a)
erosion
b)
petrochemical
c)
petroleum
d)
methane
21.

Oil and natural gas were formed from ___________________

a)

marine organisms

b)

dead plants

c)

trees

22.

Uranium is a renewable resource

a)

True

b)

False

23.

What is kerosene used for?

a)

Fuel for ships

b)

Fuel for lorries

c)

Fuel for airplanes

d)

Making roads

24.

How long does it take crude oil to form?

a)

hundreds of years

b)

thousands of years

c)

millions of years

d)

billions of years

25.

What happens when crude oil is petrochemical refined?

a)

Different fractions are mixed together to form oil.

b)

Sulfur is removed from the crude oil.

c)

The oil is separated into fractions at different boiling temperature by heating.

d)

Longer chain fractions are broken down into shorter chain fractions.

26.
Increased carbon dioxide may cause global warming by trapping more ____________ in the atmosphere.
a)
water
b)
gases
c)
heat
d)
water vapor
27.

What is the direct cause of rising sea levels?

a)

Melting Sea Ice

b)

Melting Land Ice

c)

Climate Change

28.
Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be made from this graph?
a)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been decreasing since 1960
b)
Hawaii has a lot of carbon dioxide
c)
humans have been working hard to decrease carbon dioxide levels
d)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased steadily since 1960
29.

Which of the following have been changed or altered due to climate change ?

a)

droughts

b)

flooding

c)

melting of polar ice caps

d)

all of the above

30.

The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is

a)

riding bicycles

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

31.
T/F: Some greenhouse gases are naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere
a)
True
b)
False
32.
Which of the following is an example of a greenhouse gas?
a)
Carbon Dioxide
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
Neon
33.
Which natural process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a)
forest fires
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
cellular respiration
d)
photosynthesis
34.

All living things on earth are part of the....

a)

Biosphere

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Hydrosphere

d)

Cryosphere

35.

All frozen water on Earth is...

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Cryosphere

d)

Atmosphere

36.

How do ocean currents affect climate?

a)

Ocean currents have no effect on climate.

b)

Ocean currents redistribute heat and influence weather patterns.

c)

Ocean currents cause extreme weather events.

d)

Ocean currents only affect marine life, not climate.

37.

What is the role of ocean currents in regulating temperature?

a)

Ocean currents increase temperature by trapping heat.

b)

Ocean currents redistribute heat and help regulate temperature.

c)

Ocean currents only regulate temperature in certain regions.

d)

Ocean currents have no role in regulating temperature.

38.

How does climate change impact ocean currents?

a)

Climate change has no impact on ocean currents.

b)

Ocean currents actually help mitigate climate change.

c)

Ocean currents are not affected by temperature, salinity, and wind patterns.

d)

Climate change can disrupt ocean currents by altering temperature, salinity, and wind patterns.

39.

What are some ocean circulation patterns and their influence on climate?

a)

Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, Antarctic Circumpolar Current

b)

Sahara Desert, Gobi Desert, Atacama Desert

c)

Kuroshio Current, California Current, Labrador Current

d)

Amazon River, Nile River, Mississippi River

40.

What are the consequences of disrupted ocean currents?

a)

Disrupted ocean currents have no consequences.

b)

Disrupted ocean currents only affect small areas of the ocean.

c)

Disrupted ocean currents can lead to changes in global climate patterns, impact marine ecosystems, contribute to sea level rise, and cause coastal erosion.

d)

Disrupted ocean currents can actually improve global climate patterns.

41.

How do ocean currents contribute to the global climate system?

a)

Ocean currents cause extreme weather events and disrupt the global climate system.

b)

Ocean currents only affect local weather patterns, not the global climate.

c)

Ocean currents have no impact on the global climate system.

d)

Ocean currents redistribute heat and help regulate temperature and climate patterns.

42.

What are some examples of ocean currents affecting local weather patterns?

a)

The Gulf Stream and the California Current are examples of ocean currents affecting local weather patterns.

b)

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Kuroshio Current are examples of ocean currents affecting local weather patterns.

c)

The Labrador Current and the Benguela Current are examples of ocean currents affecting local weather patterns.

d)

The Canary Current and the Agulhas Current are examples of ocean currents affecting local weather patterns.

43.

What are the potential effects of climate change on ocean circulation patterns?

a)

Increased salinity of ocean water

b)

Reduced ocean acidification

c)

Changes in strength and direction of ocean currents

d)

Decreased sea level rise

44.

How can disrupted ocean currents impact coastal communities?

a)

Disrupted ocean currents can lead to increased fishing opportunities for coastal communities.

b)

Disrupted ocean currents have no impact on coastal communities.

c)

Disrupted ocean currents can cause coastal communities to experience less extreme weather conditions.

d)

Disrupted ocean currents can impact coastal communities by altering temperature and nutrient distribution, leading to changes in weather patterns, sea level rise, and loss of marine biodiversity.

45.

What role do thermohaline circulations play in ocean currents?

a)

They have no significant role in ocean currents.

b)

They contribute to the mixing of deep and surface waters.

c)

They only affect the temperature of the ocean surface.

d)

They prevent the movement of marine life.

46.

What is the significance of the Gulf Stream in influencing the climate of Western Europe?

a)

It cools down the climate of Western Europe.

b)

It has no significant influence on the climate of Western Europe.

c)

It warms up the climate of Western Europe.

d)

It only affects the climate of Northern Europe.

47.

How might melting polar ice caps affect ocean salinity?

a)

It will increase the overall salinity of the oceans.

b)

It will have no effect on ocean salinity.

c)

It will decrease the overall salinity of the oceans.

d)

It will only affect salinity near the equator.

48.

What effect does the melting of polar ice have on global sea levels?

a)

It causes global sea levels to decrease.

b)

It has no significant effect on global sea levels.

c)

It causes global sea levels to increase.

d)

It only affects sea levels in the polar regions.

49.

How do changes in sea temperature affect marine biodiversity?

a)

They lead to an increase in marine biodiversity.

b)

They have no effect on marine biodiversity.

c)

They can lead to a decrease in marine biodiversity.

d)

They only affect migratory species.

50.

What role does the El Niño phenomenon play in global weather patterns?

a)

It leads to cooler temperatures and increased rainfall globally.

b)

It disrupts normal weather patterns, leading to extreme weather events.

c)

It has no significant impact on global weather patterns.

d)

It stabilizes global weather patterns, reducing the occurrence of extreme weather.

51.

What impact does the melting of glaciers have on ocean currents?

a)

It increases the speed of ocean currents.

b)

It decreases the speed of ocean currents.

c)

It can disrupt normal patterns by adding fresh water.

d)

It has no impact on ocean currents.

52.

How does the salinity of ocean water affect its density and circulation patterns?

a)

Higher salinity decreases water density and slows circulation.

b)

Lower salinity increases water density and speeds up circulation.

c)

Higher salinity increases water density and affects circulation patterns.

d)

Salinity has no effect on water density or circulation patterns.

53.

What role do ocean currents play in the distribution of marine life?

a)

Ocean currents have no significant role in the distribution of marine life.

b)

Ocean currents distribute nutrients, affecting marine biodiversity.

c)

Ocean currents only distribute pollutants, negatively affecting marine life.

d)

Ocean currents prevent the migration of marine species.

54.

Which of the following are ways that Biotechnology can be used?

a)

Diagnosis of disease

b)

Gene therapy

c)

Production of pharmaceuticals (medicine)

d)

DNA profiling

e)

Agriculture - creating GMOS (Genetically modified organisms)

55.

To make a DNA Fingerprint, you use ​ (a)​ ​ ​ (a)     to cut a DNA sample into fragments, and then use ​ (b) ​ (b)   _   to separate the fragments by size

Choose from the below words
restriction enzymes
Gel Electrophoresis
56.

Match the following

a)

Cloning

1.

Making an exact copy of an organism

b)

Gene Therapy

2.

Replacing faulty genes

c)

Transgenic Organisms

3.

Inserting genes from one organism into another's genome

d)

DNA Fingerprints

4.

Using DNA fragments for identification

e)

Restriction Enzymes

5.

Used to cut DNA into pieces

57.

Reorder the following

a)

Cut out gene you want

b)

Put into bacterial plasmid

c)

Put plasmid into bacteria

d)

Bacteria will make the protein

1)
2)
3)
4)
58.

Match the following

a)

Restriction Enzyme

1.

Made of Protein

b)

Plasmid

2.

Made of DNA (found in prokaryotes not eukaryotes)

c)

Prokaryotes

3.

Cells with plasmids

d)

Transformed Bacteria

4.

Bacteria with new gene

59.

Who is the father of this child? (hint: The baby received half of its DNA sequence from the mom and the other half cam from dad).

a)

Male # 1

b)

Male # 2

c)

Male # 3

d)

Non e of these

60.

Which of the following represents a transgenic organism? Choose ALL that apply.

a)

Mule

b)

Corn with genes from bacteria

c)

Breeding two varieties of apples together

d)

GMOS (Genetically Modified Organisms)

e)

A pig with a human gene added to it.

61.

A method used to rapidly make billions of copies of a specific DNA sample is ______ _______ __________

(a)  

62.

This lab procedure is known as

a)

Cloning

b)

gel electrophoresis

c)

Dichotomous Key

d)

cladogram

63.

This technique used to analyze DNA involves

a)

synthesis of new DNA strands from subunits

b)

separation of DNA fragments based on size

c)

production of genetically engineered DNA molecules

d)

removal of defective genes from DNA

64.

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragements at the lower end are:

a)

larger, and move slower

b)

larger, and move faster

c)

smaller, and move faster

d)

smaller, and move slower.

65.

What is this technique an example of?

a)

chromatography

b)

gel electrophoresis

c)

genetic engineering

66.

Which of the following is considered the main energy source in our society?

Cual de las siguientes opciones es considereda la fuente primaria de energia en nuestra sociedad?

a)

Fossil Fuels

b)

Solar power

c)

Wind Power

d)

Hydroelectric plants

67.

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

a)

Oil

b)

Solar

c)

Coal

d)

Natural Gas

68.

Natural Gas is a __________ energy resource.

a)

Renewable

b)

Non-renewable

69.

Oil is a __________ energy resource.

a)

Renewable

b)

Non-renewable

70.

Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable resources if they are still forming beneath the surface today?

a)

They are being formed as a type of methane which we cannot use.

b)

They are being formed too far beneath the surface.

c)

We are depleting the fossil fuels much faster than they can form.

71.

One ADVANTAGE of using fossil fuels is that:

a)

They are better for the environment.

b)

They can produce extremely high amounts of energy.

c)

They contribute to the greenhouse effect.

d)

They will never run out.

72.

What is one DISADVANTAGE of using fossil fuels?

a)

Fossil fuels will never run out.

b)

Fossil fuels are very efficient forms of energy and are readily available, making them cheaper.

c)

Burning fossil fuels contributes to the greenhouse effect which causes global warming.

d)

Fossil fuels are better for the environment.

73.

What is one ADVANTAGE of using renewable resources?

a)

They will never run out.

b)

They are more expensive.

c)

They are bad for the environment.

74.

What is one DISADVANTAGE of using renewable resources?

a)

They are not as efficient as burning fossil fuels.

b)

They will eventually run out.

c)

They are cheaper and better for the environment.

75.

Is wind renewable or non-renewable?

a)

Renewable

b)

Non-renewable

76.

renewable or non renewable?

a)

biomass

1.

renewable

b)

natural gas

2.

non renewable

c)

geothermal

3.

renewable

d)

hydropower

4.

renewable

e)

coal

5.

non renewable

77.

renewable or non renewable?

a)

solar

1.

renewable

b)

Nuclear

2.

non renewable

c)

wood

3.

renewable

d)

wood

4.

renewable

e)

petroleum /

5.

non renewable

78.

Choose the three fossil fuels.

a)

oil

b)

coal

c)

natural gas

d)

wood

79.

Choose the types of renewable energy resources. (Check all that apply)

a)

Water

b)

Wind

c)

Solar

d)

Gas

e)

Oil

80.

Which of these is considered a non-renewable resource?

a)

Fossil Fuels

b)

Renewable

c)

Solar Energy

d)

Hydroelectric Energy

81.

Which of these is considered to be a Non-Renewable resource?

a)

water

b)

wind

c)

coal

d)

biomass

82.

Which of these is a fossil fuel?

a)

oil

b)

biomass

c)

wind 

d)

hydro

83.
What is an example of a renewable resource?
a)

hydroelectric

b)

oil

c)

coal

d)

fossil fuel

84.
Which renewable resource gets its direct energy from the sun? 
a)
Geothermal
b)
Solar
c)
Wind
d)
Hydrogen
85.
Energy we get from earth's interior heat
a)
Geothermal
b)
Solar Energy 
c)
Wind Energy 
d)
Hydroelectricity 
86.

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

a)

Oil

b)

Solar

c)

Coal

d)

Natural Gas

87.

How does the expansion of urban development into rural areas affect natural populations in the environment?

a)

Resources available to the natural populations will decrease.

b)

The biodiversity of the natural populations will increase.

c)

The amount of area available to producers will increase.

d)

Death rates of the natural populations will decrease.

88.

Wetlands provide a unique habitat for many plants and animals. Wetlands are also important in water purification, flood control, and shoreline stability. How does housing development in wetlands affect the ecosystem?

a)

reduces biodiversity

b)

decreases pollutants

c)

increases availability of nutrients

d)

increase protection from hurricanes

89.

Hallie is writing an article for an environmental science magazine. The topic of her article is "Sustainable Tourism." As she is researching, she wonders if sustainable tourism is even possible?

a)

Yes, but only if the country is already industrialized.

b)

No, the United States is the only country that cares about the environment.

c)

Yes, but only in countries where a strategy has been set into place before tourism even begins.

d)

No, world governments have not yet defined the concept of sustainability, plus it's not measurable.

90.

When it comes to environmental issues, each individual on the planet is a part of the problem and can be part of the solution. Sustainability is possible when society, economy, and environment are in balance.

which practice would NOT eventually contribute to sustainability?

a)

purchasing products made form ecologically friendly materials harvested in a sustainable manner

b)

practicing water conservation by taking shorter showers and installing a low-flow shower head

c)

buying only local produce, or going a step farther and growing vegetables in a backyard garden

d)

supporting companies that transport food products from foreign countries in order to keep food costs low

91.

Which term is used to describe low density, automobile-dependent community development that is associated with land use that has a negative impact?

a)

urban coalition

b)

urban homesteading

c)

urban planning

d)

urban sprawl

92.

Land used to graze livestock and wildlife

a)

rangeland

b)

forest land

c)

farmland

d)

urban land

93.

land used to grow plants for food and fiber

a)

rangeland

b)

forest land

c)

farmland

d)

urban land

94.

land used for recreation, scenic, enjoyment, and for preserving native animal and plant communities and ecosystems

a)

rangeland

b)

parks and preserves

c)

wetlands

d)

farmland

95.

land used for houses, businesses, industry and roads

a)

rangeland

b)

farmland

c)

parks and preserves

d)

urban land

96.

land used for growing and harvesting wood, and harvesting wildlife, fish, nuts, and other resources

a)

rangeland

b)

forest land

c)

urban land

d)

farm land

97.

Discarded solid material is best known as -

a)

solid waste

b)

poison

c)

pollutant

d)

compost

98.

How much solid waste is produced per day per person in the US?

a)

4.4 pounds

b)

4.4 tons

c)

4.4 grams

d)

4.4 ounces

99.

A material that can be broken down by biological processes is considered -

a)

nonbiodegradable

b)

biodegradable

100.

Products made from synthetic materials, such as polyester, plastic, and parts of electronics (E-waste), are -

a)

nonbiodegradable

b)

biodegradable

101.

What is the problem with plastics?     

a)

Plastics are made from petroleum or natural gas.

b)

In plastics, elements are put together in molecular chains that are not found in nature and cannot be broken down by microorganisms.

c)

All of the mentioned

d)

Some plastics may accumulate and last for hundreds or even thousands of years.

102.

The waste produced by households and businesses is –

a)

Miscellaneous waste

b)

Machinery waste

c)

Municipal waste

d)

Multiple waste

103.

Permanent waste-disposal facilities where wastes are put in the ground and covered each day with a layer of soil, plastic or both, are called -

a)

Incinerators

b)

Landfills

c)

Trash cans

d)

Bins

104.

One problem with landfills is the liquid that forms when water seeps down through a landfill and collects dissolved chemicals from decomposing garbage. This is called -

a)

ash

b)

sediment

c)

sludge

d)

leachates

105.

An additional problem with landfills is that decomposing organic waste may produce the highly flammable gas -

a)

methane

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

ozone

106.

The weight of solid waste and space needed in landfills can be reduced by 75% if it is -

a)

bagged

b)

incinerated

c)

crushed

d)

shredded

107.

Yard waste, vegetable and fruit trimmings are -

a)

nonbiodegradable

b)

biodegradable

108.

Nature’s process of recycling organic material by decomposing it into a soil-like material to fertilize soil is called -

a)

burying

b)

reusing

c)

incinerating

d)

composting

109.

What are the benefits of composting?

a)

Reduces waste going to landfills.

b)

Provides nutrients to the soil.

c)

All of the mentioned.

d)

Reduces the need for fertilizers and pesticides.

110.

What are some ways you can reduce the amount of waste you produce?

[Select 3 that apply]  

a)

Reuse materials

b)

recycle

c)

compost

d)

Put them in the garbage can

111.

What are some benefits of reducing solid waste?

[select 3 that apply]

a)

To reduce amount of solid waste delivered to the landfills.

b)

To reduce amount of solid waste delivered to the incinerators.

c)

To reduce amount of amount of pollution.

d)

To increase costs.

112.

Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce solid waste going to a landfill or incinerator?  

a)

Reuse

b)

Recycle

c)

Compost

d)

Disposal

113.

Making products from recycled materials usually saves energy, water, and other resources - true or false?

a)

True

b)

False

114.

Shredded paper, tea leaves, coffee grounds, yard trimmings are -

a)

reusable

b)

recyclable

c)

compostable

d)

go to the landfill

115.

#4 & #5 plastics, glass containers, aluminum cans, steel/tin cans, paper, cardboard, newspapers, junk mail, paperboard (cereal boxes), used motor oil, used tires, plastic #1 & #2 bottles & jugs are all –

a)

reusable

b)

recyclable

c)

compostable

d)

go to the landfill

116.

Rubber bands, books, egg cartons, grocery bags are all –

a)

reusable

b)

recyclable

c)

compostable

d)

go to the landfill

117.

We can ​ (a)   waste by buying reusing cups, bags and containers.

We can ​ (b)   aluminum cans, paper and motor oil.

We can ​ (c)   cell phones and rechargeable batteries.

We can ​ (d)   vegetable & fruit peelings, yard trimmings, shredded paper.

Choose from the below words
reduce
recycle
reuse
compost
118.

What is a possible cause of deforestation?

a)

Urban Sprawl

b)

Climate change

c)

Upward growth

d)

Ice caps melting

119.

What type of countries typically have a larger urban population than rural population?

a)

developing countries

b)

developed countries

c)

There is no difference in population between developed and developing countries.

120.

How do urban communities compare to rural communities?

a)

Rural communities produce more pollution than urban communities.

b)

Urban communities tend to have a higher population than rural communities.

c)

More people in the US live in rural communities.

d)

Urban communities have less environmental impact than urban communities.

121.

Which of the following is not a negative consequence of upward growth?

a)

pollution

b)

creation of a "heat island"

c)

increased use of surrounding land

d)

waste management issues

122.

How might upward growth of cities be a better choice than outward growth?

a)

upward growth affects less land area than outward growth.

b)

upward growth helps moderate pollution problems

c)

upward growth has no limitations

d)

upward growth has no environmental impact

123.

What causes the "heat island" effect?

a)

heat produced from a large number of people

b)

the materials used in building cities retain heat

c)

the large amount of reflected light from glass windows

d)

all of these

124.

Upward growth usually occurs when __________.

a)

high-rise buildings are available

b)

spreading out is possible

c)

resource conservation is unimportant

d)

a limited amount of land is available

125.

Urban sprawl occurs when____________.

a)

cities spread out into the existing countryside

b)

cities extend upward

c)

people leave cities to live in rural areas

d)

none of these

126.

Which of the following is NOT a possible environmental consequence of urban sprawl?

a)

deforestation

b)

pollution

c)

loss of natural resources

d)

none of these

127.

Which of the following statements about urban growth is true?

a)

The rate of urban growth in the world is declining.

b)

Urban sprawl is less environmentally damaging than upward growth.

c)

Upward growth is less environmentally damaging than urban sprawl.

d)

More people are moving away from cities than in previous years

128.

When does upward growth of cities typically occur?

a)

when water resources are limited

b)

when waste production is a problem

c)

when available land is limited

d)

when population exceeds 10,000

129.

The urban migration trend has stopped worldwide.

a)

true

b)

false

130.

Cities that have available space in surrounding areas, such as Los Angeles, are likely to experience upward growth rather than urban sprawl.

a)

true

b)

false

131.

The invention of the automobile contributed to the increase of urban sprawl.

a)

true

b)

false

132.

What is an advantage of upward growth of a city?

a)

contributes to greater habitat loss than urban sprawl

b)

prevents the production of waste and pollutants

c)

does not encroach on surrounding ecosystems

d)

none of these