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TEMPLATE - Mock test Bio 23-24

Total questions: 151

Worksheet time: 4hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule?
a)
F
b)
J
c)
G
d)
H
2.
Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of four organisms found in a sample of pond water.   Based on the observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?  
a)
Organisms 1 and 2
b)
 Organisms 3 and 4
c)
Organisms 1 and 4
d)
  Organisms 2 and 3
3.
Four different types of cells are shown below
Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?
a)
A transforming sunlight into energy mechanism for  
b)
Self-locomotion
c)
 Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances
d)
Genetic material composed of DNA
4.

SC.912.L.16.1

In cattle, the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture. What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?

a)

A. 25%

b)

B. 50%

c)

C. 75%

d)

D. 100%

5.

SC.912.L.16.1

 A genetic cross involving two unlinked genes is represented as AaGG x aaGg. Which genotype is NOT possible in the offspring produced by the cross?

a)

A. AaGG

b)

B. Aagg

c)

C. aaGg

d)

D. aaGG

6.

SC.912.L.16.1

 Snapdragon flowers can have red petal color (RR) and white petal color (rr), and follows incomplete dominance. If two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed, what percentage of the offspring would be pink?   

a)

A. 25%

b)

B. 50%

c)

C. 75%

d)

D. 100%

7.

SC.912.L.17.20

Lionfish are a predatory reef fish that feeds on native populations. They are currently found in Southeastern US coastal waters from Florida to North Carolina, and appeared around 1985 from an unknown cause. These fish have venomous spines for defending themselves from their natural predators, which are absent from the Atlantic Ocean area that they have been found in. Therefore, divers and fishermen are allowed to harvest and dispose of them, but not to feed them to another animal as that would be inhumane. How would lionfish be classified?      

a)

A. climax species

b)

B. invasive species

c)

C. pioneer species

d)

D. succession species

8.

SC.912.L.17.20

Overfishing is causing the decline of fish populations, such as Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna are caught faster than they can reproduce. Which statement describes the most likely effect that overfishing will have on this ecosystem?    

a)

A. Overfishing makes the ecosystem more stable by increasing competition for limited resources.

b)

B. Overfishing decreases the stability of the ecosystem by disrupting food chains.

c)

C. Overfishing has no effect on ecosystem’s stability because it affects one species out of many.

d)

D. Overfishing increases ecosystem stability by allowing prey populations to overproduce.

9.

SC.912.L.17.20

 The governments of many countries have regulations that are designed to prevent the accidental introduction of non-native insects into their countries. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the governments may not want these nonnative insects in their countries?   

a)

A. They may become food for birds

b)

B. They may not be able to survive a cold winter

c)

C. They may not have natural predators

d)

D. They may add to the biodiversity

10.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
11.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
12.
This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
13.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
14.
a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

15.

What are 3 factors that make a Population Increase

a)

increased birth rate, increased death rate, immigration

b)

decreased birth rate, increased death rate, emigration

c)

increased birth rate, decreased death rate, immigration

d)

decreased birth rate, decreased death rate, immigration

16.

What is happening in A?

a)

Combustion: The process of releasing carbon into the atmosphere by burning.

b)

Respiration: Breathing in oxygen produced by plants and releasing CO2

c)

Photosynthesis: Using CO2 from the atmosphere to make glucose

d)

Decomposition: Breaking down dead organic matter.

17.

What is happening in B?

a)

Combustion: The process of releasing carbon into the atmosphere by burning.

b)

Respiration: Breathing in oxygen produced by plants and releasing CO2

c)

Photosynthesis: Using CO2 from the atmosphere to make glucose

d)

Decomposition: Breaking down dead organic matter.

18.

Approximately during which year did this population reach the carrying capacity of its ecosystem?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

5

d)

7

19.

Using the diagram provided, which of the following energy pyramids best represents the data?

a)

b)

c)

d)

20.

SC.912.L.14.3

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes? 

a)

A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

b)

B. decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins

c)

C. increases volume in order to produce more energy

d)

D. decreases volume in order to produce more energy

21.

SC.912.L.14.3

   Several university students visiting the Center for Disease Control are observing the three-dimensional structure of bacteria cells to help improve their understanding of its impact on the human body. The bacteria viewed from the microscope is in the diagram below.

What kind of microscope has the depth of field to view bacteria by producing a three-dimensional image?

a)

A. Compound microscope

b)

B. Dissecting microscope

c)

C. Scanning electron microscope

d)

D. Transmission electron microscope

22.

SC.912.L.16.1

  Mice have two unlinked allele pairs that affect fur color. The table shows how allele pairs affect fur color. The term “agouti” describes fur with pigmentation that changes in each hair from the shaft to the tip, giving the fur a banded appearance. Mice with the aa allele pair are albino, regardless of the second allele-pair combination.

What is the probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with AaBb alleles?

a)

A. 1/16

b)

B. 3/16

c)

C. 4/16

d)

D. 9/16

23.

SC.912.L.15.6

    A cladogram of five species is shown.

Which of the following would the ancestral species most likely have, based on the diagram?

a)

A. a vertebral column

b)

B. a vertebral column and hair

c)

C. sharp teeth and retractable claws

d)

D. the ability to purr

24.

SC.912.L.17.9

   A food web is shown below.

What would be the impact on this ecosystem if a disease afflicted the birds, reducing the number of birds to almost zero?   

a)

A. The snake population would decline.

b)

B. The spider population would increase.

c)

C. The predaceous insect population would decline.

d)

D. The herbivorous insect population would increase.

25.

SC.912.L.18.9

  Plant cells have mitochondria, which use glucose to produce ATP. Where does the glucose originate?

a)

A. photosynthesis, which occurs in chloroplasts

b)

B. fermentation, which occurs in the absence of oxygen

c)

C. exocytosis, which transports the glucose into cells

d)

D. diffusion, which transports the glucose from the digestive tract

26.

SC.912.L.18.9 

Compared to the process of aerobic respiration, the process of anaerobic respiration provides which of these advantages to the cell?

a)

A. Anaerobic respiration can occur without ATP.

b)

B. Anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen.

c)

C. Anaerobic respiration can occur without glucose.

d)

D. Anaerobic respiration can occur without producing wastes.

27.

SC.912.L.15.6

The gray squirrel, Eastern fox squirrel, and red squirrel are all different species of squirrels. Why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important?

a)

A.   To prevent existing named organisms from having their names changed as they become extinct

b)

B. To keep the classification system from being altered as new organisms are discovered

c)

C. To allow organisms to be placed in many classification levels at the same time

d)

D. To standardize the naming and organization of organisms to avoid confusion

28.

SC.912.L.17.9

    A partial meadow food web is shown.

Based on this food web, which organisms are direct sources of energy for secondary consumers?   

a)

A. Aphid, Bird, Rabbit

b)

B.   Ladybug, Fox, Dragonfly

c)

C. Frog, Butterfly, Berries

d)

D. Mouse, Snake, Hawk

29.

SC.912.L.17.9  

A biomass pyramid of an ecosystem is shown.

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

a)

A. Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

b)

B.   Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.

c)

C. Organisms at lower trophic levels provide less energy than organisms at higher trophic levels.

d)

D. Organisms at lower trophic levels outcompete organisms at higher trophic levels.

30.

SC.912.L.16.3

Use the diagram to answer the following question.

 Which type of molecule is the end product of the processes shown in the diagram?

a)

A. Carbohydrate

b)

B. Lipid

c)

C. Nucleic Acid

d)

D. Protein

31.

SC.912.L.18.12

Water is essential to all living things. One important attribute of water allows it to maintain a constant environment within cells. Which property of water allows it to do this?

    

a)

A. moderation of temperature

b)

B. breaking of covalent bonds

c)

C. surface tension of water surface

d)

D. expansion of water when it freezes

32.

SC.912.L.16.1

A cross between a white chicken (bb) and a black chicken (BB) produces the offspring illustrated in the picture.

What type of inheritance is shown?

a)

A. codominance

b)

B. dominant

c)

C. recessive

d)

D. polygenic inheritance

33.

SC.912.L.16.1

In cattle, the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture. What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?

a)

A. 25%

b)

B. 50%

c)

C. 75%

d)

D. 100%

34.

SC.912.L.16.1

 Snapdragon flowers can have red petal color (RR) and white petal color (rr), and follows incomplete dominance. If two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed, what percentage of the offspring would be pink?   

a)

A. 25%

b)

B. 50%

c)

C. 75%

d)

D. 100%

35.

SC.912.L.17.20

Lionfish are a predatory reef fish that feeds on native populations. They are currently found in Southeastern US coastal waters from Florida to North Carolina, and appeared around 1985 from an unknown cause. These fish have venomous spines for defending themselves from their natural predators, which are absent from the Atlantic Ocean area that they have been found in. Therefore, divers and fishermen are allowed to harvest and dispose of them, but not to feed them to another animal as that would be inhumane. How would lionfish be classified?      

a)

A. climax species

b)

B. invasive species

c)

C. pioneer species

d)

D. succession species

36.

SC.912.L.17.20

Overfishing is causing the decline of fish populations, such as Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna are caught faster than they can reproduce. Which statement describes the most likely effect that overfishing will have on this ecosystem?    

a)

A. Overfishing makes the ecosystem more stable by increasing competition for limited resources.

b)

B. Overfishing decreases the stability of the ecosystem by disrupting food chains.

c)

C. Overfishing has no effect on ecosystem’s stability because it affects one species out of many.

d)

D. Overfishing increases ecosystem stability by allowing prey populations to overproduce.

37.

Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

a)

fatty acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

amino acids

d)

acetic acids

38.

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

a)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

b)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

c)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

d)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

39.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
40.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
41.

Which graph best illustrates the growth of a population introduced into an environment with limited resources?

a)
b)
c)
d)
42.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
43.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
44.

Lee wants to make sure she understands the components of a good scientific investigation. She knows that it should be controlled and have a large sample size. Also, she thinks that the results should be communicated to other scientists. Which is another component that is necessary for a good investigation?

a)

It must be conducted in a big lab.

b)

It must be run by a university scientist.

c)

It must be done with expensive equipment.

d)

It must be able to be replicated by other scientists.

45.

A school physician performed an experiment to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on high school freshmen. He examined 25 student volunteers and found them to be in good health. He then had the students perform aerobic exercises, such as jogging, swimming, and bicycling. The doctor recorded the students’ pulse rates before each activity, during each activity, and after each activity. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

a)

the student’s health

b)

the aerobic exercise

c)

the number of volunteers

d)

the students’ pulse rates

46.

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

a)

Cells come from other cells

b)

Cells are the basic unit of life

c)

All cells are the same

d)

Organisms are made of cells

47.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
48.

The choices that humans make every day affect the environment. Sometimes, our lifestyles can harm the environment rather than protect it. Which of the following would be most helpful in protecting the environment and achieving sustainability?

a)

Buying paper products made from harvested trees

b)

Buying fewer mass produced products

c)

Using natural gas as a fuel source instead of petroleum

d)

Using solar power to generate electricity

49.

Rainbow trout need at least 6.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen to survive. Biologists are trying to reestablish rainbow trout in a mountain stream but the stream only has 5.5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. Which of the following would be the most useful to encourage the development of the rainbow trout population?

a)

Create more bends in the stream to allow the water to slow down.

b)

Cut down trees along the stream to allow more sunlight to warm the water.

c)

Pull out aquatic plants growing in the stream to allow oxygen to accumulate.

d)

Remove dams along the stream to allow the water to flow faster.

50.

If a snake species were introduced to an ecosystem where it had no natural predators, what long-­‐term effect do you predict the snakes would have on the population dynamics of the ecosystem?

a)

They would breed with native snake species, resulting in an increase in biodiversity in the ecosystem.

b)

They would compete with native snake species for resources, causing a decline in native snake populations and possibly extinction.

c)

They would form mutualistic relationships with native snakes, since they would occupy the same niche in the ecosystem.

d)

They would serve as a food source for predators of native snakes, causing an increase in native snake populations.

51.

How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration?

a)

Aerobic respiration results in less energy

b)

Aerobic respiration results in more energy

c)

Each process results in equal amounts of energy

d)

Each process results in variable amounts of energy

52.

What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?

a)

To use oxygen to produce glucose

b)

To take in excess water

c)

To use carbon dioxide to produce glucose

d)

To feed herbivores

53.

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

a)

It will be unable to carry out respiration

b)

It will lose water through osmosis

c)

It will break down the ribosomes in the cell

d)

It will be unable to photosynthesize

54.

Marine scientists monitor atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. As atmospheric levels rise, more of the gas dissolves in the oceans. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves as more carbon dioxide enters the oceans. Marine organisms such as clams need CaCO3 to build their exoskeletons.


Based on this information, which change is most likely to be a direct result of these increasing levels of oceanic carbon dioxide?

a)

Frequent rainfall will dilute the effect of the carbon dioxide in the water

b)

There will be an overpopulation of oysters and other shelled marine species.

c)

The water level will rise and cause floods, damaging coastal ecosystems with contaminated water.

d)

Many species of marine organisms will be weakened, making them unable to produce and maintain their shells

55.
If the enzyme has a pH ranging from 7 to 9 what effect would a pH of 3 have on the enzyme?
Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature and pH
a)
make it inactive
b)
no change
56.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
pepsin works best at a pH near 2
b)
pepsin works best at a pH of 9
57.

The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Vesicle Activities in a Cell Golgi apparatus Vesicles Cytosol Plasma membrane.


Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

a)

Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis

b)

Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells

c)

Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within

the cell

d)

Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of

the cell

58.

Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.


Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

a)

The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the

cell.

b)

The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.

c)

The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.

d)

The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.

59.

The picture shows a contractile vacuole of a unicellular freshwater organism. The contractile vacuole regulates the flow of water into and out of the cell in an aquatic environment.


What conditions cause the contractile vacuole to fill with water?

a)

The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.

b)

The temperature of water in the vacuole is higher than the temperature of its environment.

c)

The concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell.

d)

The temperature of water in the vacuole is lower than the temperature of its environment.

60.

A student groups different types of cells as shown. Which table headings should the student use for the two groups?

a)
b)
c)
d)
61.

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.


What do the two arrows represent?

a)

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

b)

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

c)

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

d)

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

62.

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.


Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

a)

Cell 1

b)

Cell 2

c)

Cell 3

d)

Cell 4

63.

Some scientists claim recent evidence suggests birds should be reclassified to share more taxonomic groups with dinosaurs. What type of evidence would provide the best support for this claim?

a)

evidence showing birds shared similar habitats with dinosaurs

b)

evidence showing birds shared similar nutritional requirements as dinosaurs

c)

evidence showing birds shared similar behaviors with dinosaurs

d)

evidence showing birds shared a common genetic history with dinosaurs

64.

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?

a)

through energy production in the mitochondria

b)

through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane

c)

through ATP produced directly from sunlight

d)

through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

65.

What are the subunits of DNA and their function?

a)

nucleotides that store information

b)

monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell

c)

lipids that store energy and provide insulation

d)

proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms

66.

This diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

67.

Which of the following best describes the 10% Rule in ecology?

a)

10% of an ecosystem's plants are consumed by herbivores.

b)

Only 10% of the sunlight is captured by producers.

c)

90% of the energy is lost to the environment, only 10% is transferred to the next trophic level.

d)

10% of water in an ecosystem is used by animals.

68.

What is ATP and where is it primarily produced in a cell?

a)

ATP is a type of cell membrane and is produced in the Golgi apparatus.

b)

ATP is a protein and is produced in the ribosomes.

c)

ATP is the main source of energy for the cell and is made in the Mitochondria.

d)

ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration and is expelled from the cell.

69.

What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus in a cell?

a)

Energy production

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Sorting and packaging molecules

d)

DNA storage

70.

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction as described in the image?

a)

To provide energy for the reaction

b)

To increase the reaction temperature

c)

To lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction

d)

To act as a reactant

71.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
72.

Going from DNA to DNA is ​ (a)   .

Going from DNA to mRNA is ​ (b)   .

Going from mRNA to tRNA is ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
Replication
Transcription
Translation
73.

How could genetic engineering be used to produce a more successful crop in a hot, dry climate?

a)

Non-essential DNA could be removed from the genomes of the crop plants.

b)

DNA from plants adapted to dry areas could be added to the genomes of the crop plants.

c)

RNA from a variety of nonagricultural plants could be added to the genomes of the crop plants.

d)

mRNA transcripts of genes from dry weather crops could be added to the fertilizer used on the crop plants.

74.

The diagram depicts the process of crossing over, which occurs between homologous chromosomes during gamete formation.

What is the result of this process?

a)

An increase in offspring variation

b)

The deletion of amino acids in proteins

c)

An increase in mutations in genetic material

d)

The production of gametes that are genetically identical

75.

In a particular species of mice, a single gene (B or b) determines tail length. The short-tail allele is sex-linked and dominant. Shading in the pedigree below indicates that an individual has a short tail. The pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of the short-tail allele over three generations of mice.

Individual 6 is female. What is the genotype of individual 6?

a)

XBXb

b)

XbXb

c)

XBY

d)

XbY

76.

A biologist conducting a long-term field study noticed there were two types of mice in a valley. One type of mouse had webbed toes, and one type of mouse lacked webbed toes. A dam was built in the valley turning the land into a wetland. As the years passed, all mice living in the valley were found to have webbed toes. No mice were found with non-webbed toes.

Which statement best explains the observed change in the mouse population?

a)

Webbed toes in mice are controlled by the environment.

b)

The mice grew webbing to move more efficiently in the new environment.

c)

Webbed-toed mice survived better and reproduced more than mice without webbed toes.

d)

The increased water levels in the valley increased the mutation rate in the mouse population.

77.

The graph shows changes to a population over time. Four points on the graph are identified by number.

Place a graph position number label in each blank box next to the statement that correctly describes the population change at that point on the graph.

Place only one label in each box.

You do not need to use all the labels.

You may use a label more than once.

78.

Scientists construct the cladogram shown, of plants in the genus Clusia, based on evidence collected from DNA analysis.

Which conclusion is supported by the cladogram?

a)

C. valerioi and C. rosea are the most closely related of the four species.

b)

C. rosea and C. cylindrica are the most closely related of the four species.

c)

C. cupulata and C. valerioi are the most closely related of the four species.

d)

C. cupulata and C. cylindrica are the most closely related of the four species.

79.

Which type of macromolecule stores energy and provides thermal insultation for the body?

a)

Lipid

b)

Protein

c)

Nucleic acid

d)

Carbohydrate

80.

Which cell would water move into?

a)
b)
c)
d)
81.

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred?

a)

The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution

b)

The saltwater solution lowers the temperature in the gums

c)

The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient

d)

The water in the gums has moved from a high to a low concentration of water

82.

Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?

a)

global climate change

b)

pollution of ocean waters

c)

ozone layer destruction

d)

decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

83.

Which statement best describes natural selection?

a)

As the weather changes, organisms that are able to find shelter need less energy to live.

b)

Organisms that eat only plants need less food than organisms that eat animals.

c)

Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.

d)

Small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organisms.

84.
In this image, the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion 
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Exocytosis 
85.
The rabbit in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Decomposer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
86.

This image shows

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

87.

This image shows

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

88.

The organelle that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy stored in food during photosynthesis:

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Nucleus

89.

The organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food molecules into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use:

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Mitochondrion

d)

Centrioles

90.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

91.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

92.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

93.

What type of inheritance pattern is shown here?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

94.

Incomplete dominance occurs in cats, which allows them to be Black, White, or gray as shown on this Punnett square. What percentage of the offspring will be gray?

a)

25

b)

50

c)

75

d)

100

95.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
96.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria can

a)

Survive

b)

Reproduce

c)

Pass on the resistant gene to their offspring

d)

All of the above

97.
A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?
a)
species will adapt no matter what the environment
b)
environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
c)
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
d)
Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation
98.

A forest fire ignites in the Sam Houston State Forest and kills many members of a population of pigmy rattlesnakes.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

99.

Select the best answer based on the image.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

100.

A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown. 3′ TCATGCATG 5′

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

a)

Serine – Threonine – Tyrosine

b)

Serine – Serine – Tyrosine

c)

Serine – Threonine – Methionine

d)

Serine – Alanine – Methionine

101.

8 A cellular process is shown. Which statement best describes the significance of this process?

a)

The process allows organisms to grow and heal.

b)

The process produces clones of the parent organism.

c)

The process copies DNA before cell division

d)

The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells

102.
a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

103.
Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports —
a)
the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules
b)
the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue
c)
 the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots
d)
the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production
104.

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, what is fitness?

a)

being able to escape from predators

b)

being among the strongest organisms in a population

c)

being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring

d)

being able to survive long enough to reach an adult age

105.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
106.
After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?
a)
Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees
b)
Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses
c)
Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees
d)
Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees
107.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.


Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

a)

Organism 1

b)

Organism 2

c)

Organism 3

d)

Organism 4

108.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

a)

The primates lived in similar environments.

b)

The primates shared a common ancestor.

c)

The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

d)

The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

109.

The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found.

Which statement is best supported by these data?

a)

Competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during the Triassic period.

b)

A great extinction occurred during the Jurassic period.

c)

Environmental conditions for speciation were most favorable for reptiles during the Permian period.

d)

Reptiles adapted to a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous period.

110.

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree.

Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

a)

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

b)

There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.

c)

The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.

d)

The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree.

111.

The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states. Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?

a)

Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species.

b)

Hybridization produces offspring traits that allow different species to survive in extreme environments.

c)

Inherited traits passed on from parental generations make hybrid species more susceptible to disease.

d)

Hybrid species display more adaptations due to their reduced genetic diversity.

112.

Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

a)

Gene flow occurs between populations.

b)

Allele frequencies suddenly change.

c)

Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.

d)

Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.

113.

The gray squirrel, Eastern fox squirrel, and red squirrel are all different species of squirrels. Why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important?

a)

To prevent existing named organisms from having their names changed as they become extinct

b)

To keep the classification system from being altered as new organisms are discovered

c)

To allow organisms to be placed in many classification levels at the same time

d)

To standardize the naming and organization of organisms to avoid confusion

114.
What enzyme unzips DNA during the S-phase (replication)
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
RNA polymerase
c)
Helicase
d)
Drop the base
115.
What biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
116.
What biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
117.
What biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
118.
What biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
119.
Quick Energy
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
120.
STORED ENERGY
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
121.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
122.

Wind carrying pollen to a new, site is an example of

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Species Development

d)

Sexual Selection

123.

a small group of organisms is eliminated randomly from a population

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Speciation

d)

Mutation

124.
Heterotrophic, asexual or sexual reproduction, cell walls made of chitin
a)

a.  Archaebacterial

b)

a.  Protista

c)

a.  Plantae

d)

a.  Fungi

125.

According to the phylogenetic tree (cladogram), who is most closely related to primates? 

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents and rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Hair

126.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
127.

Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 

a)

15oC

b)

40oC

c)

30oC

d)

35oC

128.
moves water from the roots to the leaves
a)
stomata
b)
xylem
c)
phloem
d)
flower
129.

moves glucose from the leaves to the fruit and roots

a)

stomata

b)

xylem

c)

phloem

d)

flower

130.
Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this food web?
a)
Ratfish and Octopuses
b)
Galatheid Crabs and Zoarchid Fish
c)
Zooplankton and Mussels
d)
Chemosynthetic Bacteria and Amphipods
131.
What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?
a)
Nutrients from the soil
b)
Living space for the organisms
c)
Food Sources
d)
Heat
132.
Which two processes are identified by the labels X and Y?
a)
X: Respiration
Y: Predation
b)
X: Adaptation
Y: Decomposition
c)
X: Fermentation
Y: Nitrogen Fixation
d)
X: Decomposition
Y: Respiration
133.

organisms are classified today using the Linnaean system, and the following table shows the taxonomic classification of two marine organisms living along the Pacific Coast. Taxonomic classification is important to marine biologists because it provides a way to...

a)

prove that marine evolution occurs

b)

discover and name every marine organism on Earth

c)

designate Latin as the universal language of marine biology

d)

identify marine organisms and find evolutionary relationships between them.

134.

The Linnaean taxonomic system classifies organisms into divisions called taxa. If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related. Similarity at which of these levels indicates the closest relationship?

a)

Kingdom

b)

Class

c)

Order

d)

Genus

135.

Many tree frog populations are threatened due to habitat loss. In an effort to promote conservation, tree frogs may be bred in captivity. A zoo acquired male and female tree frogs from two different populations. In the zoo, the tree frogs were able to successfully mate within their won population, but breeding attempts between the two populations were unsuccessful. Based on this information, which statement correctly describes the relationship between the two populations of tree frogs?

a)

They are in the same species but different kingdoms.

b)

They are in the same class but different phyla.

c)

They are in the same family but different orders.

d)

They are in the same genus but different species.

136.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

a)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change.

b)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century.

c)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.

d)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.

137.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

a)

Water expands as it freezes.

b)

Water is an excellent solvent.

c)

Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

d)

Water is able to moderate temperature.

138.

What is the main function of leaves?

a)

Leaves provide support for growth and a place to store food.

b)

Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur.

c)

Leaves absorb water and minerals and transport nutrients to the stem.

d)

Leaves create a barrier that prevents water in the plant's tissues from evaporating.

139.

One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?

A. onset of photosynthesis

B. origin of genetic material

C. Synthesis of organic molecules

D. formation of the plasma membrane

a)

onset of photosynthesis

b)

Synthesis of organic molecules

c)

origin of genetic material

d)

formation of the plasma membrane

140.

The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?

a)

Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.

b)

Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.

c)

The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.

d)

No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.

141.

Which lobe of the brain is designated by number 4?

a)

occipital lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

frontal lobe

d)

temporal lobe

142.

From the following statements, which one is part of the modern Cell Theory?

a)

Cells join together to form multicellular organisms.

b)

Cells are the basic functional units of living organisms.

c)

Cells make up the soft portions of tissues in living organisms.

d)

Cells are responsible for coordinating activities in multicellular organisms.

143.

The table below lists human blood group genotypes and phenotypes.


Why is the AB phenotype a result of codominance?

a)

Neither allele is expressed in the phenotype.

b)

Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.

c)

One allele masks the expression of the other during expression of the phenotype.

d)

Both alleles blend together to form an intermediate phenotype during expression.

144.

SC.912.L.14.2 Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

a)

ribosome - protein synthesis

b)

mitochondrion - movement

c)

vacuole - cell division

d)

nucleus - storage of nutrients

145.

Scientists were able to produce 2 biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

a)

Human cell are eukaryotic and E. coli cells are prokaryotic.

b)

All living organisms share the same genome.

c)

The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks.

d)

The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli.

146.

What is the purpose of this process?

a)

To replicate DNA

b)

To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

c)

To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

d)

To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

147.

Which of these is a direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

a)

The nuclear membrane is ruptured.

b)

Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.

c)

A codon sequence is incorrect.

d)

Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

148.
The picture shows a cell. Which correctly identifies the structures in the cell?
a)
W-chloroplast
X-cell wall
Y-cytoplasm
Z-nucleus
b)
W-cell wall
x-nucleus
Y-cytoplasm
Z-Chloroplast
c)
w-cytoplasm
x-nucleus
Y-cell wall
Z-chloroplast
d)
W-cytoplasm
X-chloroplast
Y-cell wall
Z-nucleus
149.
What is the percentage of offspring that have green pods?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
150.
Salt water is an abundant resource but unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment? 
a)
Methane gas would pollute the ocean environment as shoreline organisms begin to die and decay.
b)
Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.
c)
Nonrenewable resources in the ocean environment would become depleted and upset the ecosystem's balance.
d)
Increased levels of salts and minerals in the ocean would result in overpopulation of marine bivalves due to strengthened shells
151.
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to
a)
 reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
b)
increase the rate of air pollution.
c)
reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
d)
 cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.