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Immunity Revision Unit 4 Biology

Total questions: 97

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Define what a pathogen is

a)

A microscopic agent that can cause harm

b)

An organism too small to be seen with a microscope

c)

Any substance that can harm you

d)

Any bacteria, virus or fungi

2.

What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?

a)

antibodies

b)

lymph nodes

c)

white blood cells

d)

the skin

3.

Disease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus.

a)

pathogen

b)

allergen

c)

prion

d)

antigen

4.

A nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue injury characterized by dilation of blood vessels and swelling.

a)

immunity

b)

interferon

c)

immunization

d)

inflammation

5.

Which of the following is not apart of your body’s first line of defense?

a)

Skin

b)

Mucus

c)

Stomach Acid

d)

Antibodies

6.

What do memory cells do?

a)

Kills the virus

b)

Eats the virus

c)

Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.

d)

Makes antibodies

7.

This type of cell inspects cells for antigens and kills any cells that display the foreign antigens.

a)

Macrophage

b)

T Cells

c)

B Cells

8.

What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?

a)

Anti inflammatory

b)

Antigens

c)

Antiseptic

d)

Antibodies

9.

What do B cells produce?

a)

antigens

b)

macrophages

c)

T cells

d)

antibodies

10.
Which of the following systems protects the body from disease?
a)

Digestive System

b)

Nervous System

c)

Immune System

d)

Skeletal System

11.
How do germs enter the body?
a)

From touching a mucous membrane

b)

From not washing your hands

c)

a.  From touching your face

d)

All of the above

12.
Viruses multiply: 
a)

By conjungation

b)

By taking over a cell's functions

c)

By binary fission

d)

By mitosis

13.
An example of a noninfectious disease is: 
a)

Influenza

b)

Small Pox

c)

Diabetes

d)

Typhoid

14.
An example of an infectious disease is:
a)

Diabetes

b)

Cancer

c)

Cardiovascular Disease

d)

Measles

15.

If you have an open wound, you should cover it with a ________.

a)
b)
c)
16.

Which of the following is not a germ?

a)

bacteria

b)

viruses

c)

antibodies

17.

What can happen when germs invade the body?

a)

biodiversity

b)

infection

c)

eukaryote

18.

A dangerous immune response to a safe substance happens in people with ________________.

a)

allergies

b)

resources

c)

skin

19.

An increase in body temperature when sick.

a)

infection

b)

fever

c)

skin

20.

What's the purpose of the body's immune system?

a)

To block pathogens from infecting the body

b)

To fight off infections

c)

To recognize pathogens

d)

All of the above

21.

When a person doesn't get enough sleep, their immune system:

a)

Becomes stronger

b)

Becomes weaker

c)

Gains autoimmunity

d)

Can't remember diseases

22.
What are the 4 types of pathogens that could cause illness?
a)

animals, bacteria, fungi and plants

b)

bacteria, fungi, nucleus, protist

c)

bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites

d)

bacteria, plants, fungi, protist

23.

​ (a)   fight invading viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

Choose from the below words
White blood cells
Red blood cells
24.

The body's ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease is called:

a)

Tolerance

b)

Immunity

c)

Vaccine

d)

Inflammatory response

25.

When the body encounters a pathogen, antibodies are created that are specific to that pathogen. The next time the body encounters the pathogen, the response will be:

a)

Slower

b)

Faster

26.

The diagram shows a pathogen, what is the arrow pointing to on the surface of the pathogen?

a)

a molecule called an antigen

b)

a molecule called an antibody

27.

What function do memory cells have in our body?

a)

They help our immune system remember pathogens

b)

They store information in our short-term memory

c)

They send chemical signals from our blood to the brain

d)

All of the above

28.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about antigens?

a)

They cause the production of antibodies

b)

They bind to antibodies

c)

They are found on the surface of pathogens

d)

They are the same for every pathogen

29.
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response? 
a)
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
b)
 The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
c)
The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
d)
The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.
30.
What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms? 
a)
antibodies
b)
lymph nodes
c)
white blood cells
d)
the skin
31.
What is immunity?
a)
The body's ability to produce cells that inactivate foreign cells or substances.
b)
The body's ability to regulate homeostasis through feedback loops. 
c)
The body's ability to produce the "fight or flight" response.
d)
The body's ability to use the endocrine system to fight disease.
32.
What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?
a)
cell-mediated immunity
b)
an allergy
c)
inflammatory response
d)
an autoimmune disease
33.
White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body? 
a)
They produce antibodies.
b)
They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
c)
They form a barrier against pathogens.
d)
They engulf and destroy bacteria.
34.
Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with? 
a)
antibodies to a disease bacterium
b)
live, inactive viruses
c)
weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
d)
blood from a person who has had the disease
35.
An activity that occurs in the human body is shown below.This activity helps to do which of the following?
a)
provide protection against pathogens
b)
produce antibiotics to control disease
c)
eliminate harmful gene alterations
d)
regulate production of ATP by the cell
36.
Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?
a)
 Antibiotics should no longer be used.
b)
Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
c)
Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections. 
d)
Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics. 
37.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? 
a)
Neither responds to antibiotics.
b)
Both respond to antibiotics.
c)
 Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.
d)
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
38.

The healthy human immune system responds to pathogens with both specific and nonspecific processes. Which of the following models represents a nonspecific response?

a)
b)
c)
d)
39.

What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?

a)

An allergy

b)

Cell-mediated immunity

c)

An autoimmune disease

d)

Inflammatory response

40.
An organism that enters a life form and causes disease or sickness is a/an:
a)
macrophage
b)
pathogen
c)
vaccine
d)
flu
41.
Innate and adaptive immunity are the same thing.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
42.

Your immune system is also found in the skin?

a)

True

b)

False

43.

Innate immunity response takes at least 12 hours to be activated

a)

YES

b)

NO

44.

Which of the following is NOT part of innate immunity?

a)

Macrophage

b)

Complements

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Antibodies

45.

Below are examples of physical barriers, except for ___

a)

Cilia

b)

Intact Skin

c)

Eyelashes

d)

Saliva

46.

Below are examples of defense mechanisms, except for __

a)

Body hair

b)

Mucus

c)

acid

d)

Macrophages

47.

Choose the cells involve in innate immune system

a)

Phagocytes

b)

Macrophages

c)

B-Cell

d)

Mast cell

e)

RBC

48.

These cells engulf and destroy viruses and bacteria

a)

Phagocytes

b)

Mast cells

c)

B cells

d)

Eosinophils

49.

It provides a rapid, early response and is considered to be the first and second line of defence

a)

Adaptative

b)

Skin

c)

Innate

d)

Memory

50.
Tissue that come into direct contact with the outside
a)
respiratory tract
b)
urogenital tract
c)
gastrointestinal tract
d)
all
51.

What is the body's first line of defence against infection?

a)

Physical barriers

b)

White blood cells

c)

Blood plasma

d)

Red blood cells

52.

Thick bark is an example of which immunological barrier

a)

Physical barrier

b)

Chemical barrier

c)

Microbiota barrier

53.

Citronella is an example of which immunological barrier

a)

Physical barrier

b)

Chemical barrier

c)

Microbiota barrier

54.

Saliva is an example of which immunological barrier

a)

Physical barrier

b)

Chemical barrier

c)

Microbiota barrier

55.

Enzymes are an example of which immunological barrier

a)

Physical barrier

b)

Chemical barrier

c)

Microbiota barrier

56.

Non pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus are an example of which immunological barrier

a)

Physical barrier

b)

Chemical barrier

c)

Microbiota barrier

57.

The most common type of phagocyte which makes up around 55 -70% of all leucocytes is...

(a)  

58.

Phagocytes are specialised....

a)

Red blood cells

b)

immune cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

enzymes

59.

_________ cells in body tissues release Histamine and heparin upon damage.

a)

white blood

b)

mast

c)

red blood

d)

lymph

60.

Histamine causes (a)   of capillaries in the immediate area.

61.

The symptoms of heat and redness are the result of

a)

increased permeability of capillary walls

b)

pain receptors being activated

c)

vasodilation of local capillaries

d)

vasoconstriction of local capillaries

62.

What is the immune system’s second line of defense?

a)

Inflammatory Response

b)

Immune Response

c)

Bottom of feet

63.

What is the immune system’s first line of defense?

a)

Helper T cells

b)

Skin and mucous membranes

c)

Heart and lungs

64.

What type of cells assist with allergic and inflammatory responses?

a)

Helper T cells

b)

Blood Cells

c)

Mast Cells

65.

How does the release of histamine affect the blood vessels?

a)

The blood vessels contract

b)

The blood vessels dilate and leak

c)

The blood vessels lengthen

66.

What is the function of macrophages?

a)

Consume Pathogens

b)

Replicate pathogens

c)

Release pathogens

67.

Which term best describes something that the body recognizes as non-self?

a)

Antibody

b)

White blood cell

c)

Antigen

68.

What is the immune system’s third line of defense?

a)

Non-adaptive response

b)

Inflammatory response

c)

Adaptive response

69.

How does the cytotoxic T cell fight pathogens?

a)

It causes cells to undergo apoptosis

b)

It causes cells to take in pathogens

c)

It causes cells to turn toxic

70.

Which cell participates in the cell mediated response and the humoral response?

a)

Bacteriophage cell

b)

Helper T cell

c)

Helper B cell

71.

Which type of cell has the ability to make antibodies?

a)

Macrophage cells

b)

Helper T cells

c)

Helper B Cells

72.

Which type of cell keeps a memory of the type of antigen they were exposed to?

a)

Memory cells

b)

Antibiotic cells

c)

Pathogenic cells

73.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
a)
Drains tissue fluids, waste products & flights against infection.
b)
Prevent swelling
c)
Removes toxins & waste 
d)
Fights against infection 
74.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
a)
removes excess fluid from around organs
b)
absorbs/transports fats
c)
circulates blood
d)
produces white blood cells
75.
What "happens" in the lymph nodes?
a)
Excess glucose in the lymph is stored in the liver
b)
Carbon dioxide is removed from the lymph and passed to the lungs for exhalation
c)
Lymph is oxgenated and pumped through the body
d)
Lymph is cleaned of foreign antigens and debris
76.

The lymphatic structure that closely parallels veins are called?

a)
Capillaries
b)
Lymph
c)
Lymph Vessels
77.
The largest lymphatic structure is?
a)
Lymph
b)
tonsils
c)
Spleen
78.

What is the medical term for watery fluid inside the lymphatic vessels?

a)
Plasma
b)
Lymph
c)
Blood
79.
Two main organs of the lymph system:
a)
Thymus & Pancreas
b)
Pancreas & Thyroid
c)
Spleen & Thymus
d)
Tonsils & Thyroid
80.
A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells
a)
immune cells
b)
lymph nodes
c)
spleen
d)
bone marrow
81.
Which of the following cells are responsible for fighting diseases? 
a)
White Blood Cells
b)
Red Blood Cells
82.

Which of the following are responsible for fighting diseases?

a)

Leucocytes

b)

Erythrocytes

c)

Platelets

d)

Lymph

83.

What is the name of the lymphatic tissue found in the back of the throat?

a)

thymus

b)

spleen

c)

tonsils

d)

liver

84.

What name is given to the leucocytes created in the lymphatic system?

a)

lymphocytes

b)

basophils

c)

neutrophils

d)

eosinophils

85.

What do we call the bean-shaped structures that are scattered around the body as part of the lymphatic system?

a)

lymph capillaries

b)

tonsils

c)

spleen

d)

lymph nodes

86.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

a)

carry excess lymph fluid away from tissues

b)

drain lymph back into the circulatory system

c)

filter foreign particles from the lymph

d)

absorb fat from the gut

87.

What do we call the large lymphatic vessels that drain lymph back into the circulatory system?

a)

lymph capillaries

b)

lymph veins

c)

lymph nodes

d)

lymph ducts

88.

Which phrase best describes the structure of lymph capillaries?

a)

strong and thick

b)

thin and leaky

c)

waterproof and tough

d)

solid and sealed

89.

A pathogen is

a)

Any foreign substance that causes an immune response in your body

b)

A protein that flags an invading bacteria in your body

c)

A genetic pathway

d)

The cell that engulfs and destroys invaders in your body

90.

A disease caused by infectious agents that is spread directly or indirectly from person to person

a)

Pathogen

b)

Infectious Disease

c)

Virus

d)

Bacteria

91.
The current treatment for prion diseases is which of the following?
a)
Bone marrow transplant
b)
Chemotherapy
c)
Radiation
d)
None of the above.
92.
What type of tissue listed below will carry the greatest risk of spreading prion diseases to people?
a)
Liver and other digestive organs
b)
Fatty tissue
c)
Muscle tissue
d)
Nervous System tissue
93.

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens are:

a)

plasma cells

b)

phagocytic cells

c)

helper T cells

d)

cytotoxic T cells

94.

The antimicrobial peptides and proteins include ​ ​ (a)   that inhibit viral replication to limit viral spreading to other cells.

Choose from the below words
Interferons
Interferon
95.

The antimicrobial peptides and proteins include activated ​ (a)   that leads to cell lysis.

Choose from the below words
complement proteins
complement system
96.

Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?

(more than one correct answer)

a)

Skin forms a physical and antiseptic barrier to pathogens.

b)

Leukocytes detect the antigens of the bacterium and produce antibodies.

c)

Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection.

d)

The body produces large numbers of memory cells.

97.

A complement system is an

a)

Adaptive immunity

b)

Innate immunity

c)

Cell complex

d)

Cell lysis

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