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Astronomy_midterms

Total questions: 136

Worksheet time: 3hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
2.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
3.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
4.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
5.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
6.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
7.
What has an eccentricity of zero
a)
a straight line
b)
a large ellipse
c)
a circle
d)
a small ellipse
8.

The farther a planet is from the sun, the

a)

less time it will take to revolve around the sun

b)

more time it will take to revolve around the sun

c)

distance does not play a role

9.

What will result in the most eccentric elliptical orbit

a)

when the focal points are closest together

b)

when the focal points are on top of one another

c)

then the focal points are farthest apart

10.

One astronomical unit (1 AU) is the

a)

average distance from the sun to Earth

b)

average distance from the sun to Earth's moon

c)

average distance from the sun to Mars

d)

A random number made up by astronomers

11.

Which law states that the acceleration of an object depends on the force exerted on it and its mass?

a)

1st Law

b)

2nd Law

c)

3rd Law

12.

Which law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?

a)

1st Law

b)

2nd Law

c)

3rd Law

13.

Which law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it?

a)

1st Law

b)

2nd Law

c)

3rd Law

14.

Which activity would BEST demonstrate Newton's law of Inertia?

a)

A plate sits on a table top.

b)

A lady pushes a grocery cart.

c)

A child jumps on a trampoline.

d)

A boy swings a baseball bat.

15.

What is the name of Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?

a)

Law of Force and Acceleration

b)

Law of Inertia

c)

Law of Action / Reaction

16.

What is the name of Newton's 3rd Law of Motion?

a)

Law of Force and Acceleration

b)

Law of Inertia

c)

Law of Action / Reaction

17.

When there is an INCREASE in MASS of an object you will have a DECREASE in ______________.

a)

friction

b)

acceleration

c)

force

d)

gravity

18.

Weight is a force that depends on mass and:

a)

friction

b)

gravity

c)

magnetism

d)

energy

19.

Compared to your weight and mass on Earth, if you were on the moon:

a)

your weight and mass would be less.

b)

your weight would be less but your mass would remain the same.

c)

your weight would remain the same, but your mass would be less.

d)

your weight would be greater, but your mass would remain the same.

20.

What is the weight of your backpack in Newtons? The mass of your backpack is 10 kg. (assume: g = 9.8 m/s2)

a)

10 N

b)

9.8 N

c)

98 N

d)

980 N

21.

The picture shoes two stacks of books with masses of 3 kg and 6 kg, respectively. How do their weight compare on Earth?

a)

They have the same weight.

b)

The 6 kg stack has 1/2 the weight of the 3 kg stack.

c)

The 6 kg stack has 3 times the weight of the 3 kg stack.

d)

The 6 kg stack has twice the weight of the 3 kg stack.

22.

The correct equation to solve for weight in Newtons is:

a)

W = m/g

b)

W = g/m

c)

W = grams

d)

W = mg

23.

On Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is constant. Without air resistance, objects will fall to the ground at the same acceleration.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

An object’s weight:

a)

is caused because it is pulled towards the Earth.

b)

is caused by the Earth’s magnetic field.

c)

is caused by the air pushing down on it.

d)

stays the same, even if its mass changes.

25.

The direction ‘down’ is:

a)

the same everywhere.

b)

at right angles to the ground.

c)

towards the centre of the Earth.

d)

different under water.

26.

Which statement is not true?

a)

The Earth attracts objects because it has a large mass.

b)

You are attracting this Quiz paper with a small force of gravity.

c)

Only large objects like the Earth produce a force of gravity.

d)

Your body is attracting the Earth.

27.

Gravity is less on the Moon than on the Earth because:

a)

the Moon is smaller than the Earth.

b)

the Moon has a bigger mass than the Earth.

c)

the Moon is bigger than the Earth.

d)

the Moon has less mass than the Earth.

28.

On Mars, the strength of gravity is 9 N/kg.

If your mass is 50 kg, how much would you weigh on Mars?

a)

450N

b)

90N

c)

50N

d)

45N

29.

Which statement is true?

a)

Gravity always pulls a spacecraft towards the nearest planet.

b)

There is no gravity in space.

c)

Gravity is the same at all times during a space journey.

d)

Gravity depends on how close a spacecraft is to a planet.

30.

There have been different ideas about the Solar System in the past. Which one of these was not suggested?

a)

The Moon is at the centre with the planets orbiting around it.

b)

The planets are fixed to solid spheres that move around the Earth.

c)

The planets move in circles around the Earth.

d)

The planets move in circles around the Sun.

31.

A satellite is:

a)

anything that orbits a planet.

b)

anything that orbits the Sun.

c)

something man-made that orbits the Earth.

d)

a machine that sends TV programmes.

32.

Artificial satellites can be used for:

a)

sending telephone calls.

b)

taking photos of the stars and other galaxies.

c)

helping people to find where they are on the Earth.

d)

all of the above.

33.

What is the sensation of weightlessness commonly experienced in?

a)

When moving at constant velocity

b)

In a state of free fall

c)

When standing still

d)

Only in space

34.

If there was no gravity in space

a)

objects would not orbit, they would fly away in straight lines

b)

then astronauts wouldn't be weightless

c)

the solar system would not exist

d)

the moon would not orbit the earth

35.

What happens to the force of gravity acting on an astronaut in orbit compared to on Earth?

a)

It increases significantly

b)

It decreases slightly

c)

It remains the same

d)

It becomes zero

36.

What provides the force that keeps an astronaut circling around the earth in orbit (rather than moving forward in a straight line)?

a)

The astronaut's speed

b)

The force of gravity

c)

The lack of air resistance

d)

The vacuum of space

37.

What force keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth?

a)

Magnetic force

b)

Centrifugal force

c)

Gravity

d)

Electric force

38.

What would happen to an object if it stops moving while in orbit around Earth?

a)

It would float stationary in space.

b)

It would continue in a straight line due to inertia.

c)

It would fall towards Earth due to gravity.

d)

It would move away from Earth into deeper space.

39.

Which of the following equations represents the gravitational force between two masses ( m1m_1 and m2m_2 ) separated by a distance ( rr )?

a)

F=m1×m2×rF = m_1 \times m_2 \times r

b)

F=m1×m2rF = \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r}

c)

F=m1×m2r2F = \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2}

d)

F=G×m1×m2r2F = G \times \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2}

40.
The momentum of an object depends upon the object's ___________&_____________.  
a)
size and shape
b)
mass and speed
c)
mass and veloctiy
d)
mass and energy
41.
If two objects have the same mass, then the faster moving object has ____________ momentum.
a)
more 
b)
less
c)
the same
42.

The Law of Conservation of Momentum states:

a)

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after a collision.

b)

The total momentum before a collision is greater than the total momentum after a collision.

c)

The total momentum before a collision is less than the total momentum after a collision.

d)

The total momentum before a collision is not related to the total momentum after a collision.

43.

Which has more momentum: a car stopped at a red light or a bike moving at 15 mph?

a)

car

b)

Bike

c)

Both has equal momentum

d)

Cannot predict

44.
What is the formula for density?
a)
density = mass x volume
b)
density = mass / volume
c)
density = mass + volume
d)
density = mass - volume
45.
Frank has an eraser. It has a mass of 4g, and a volume of 2cm3. What is its density?
a)
8 g/cm3
b)
2 g/cm3
c)
1/2 g/cm3
d)
24 g/cm3
46.
Helium balloons rise on earth because
a)
helium is less dense than air
b)
helium is more dense than air
c)
helium is cooler than air
d)
helium is warmer than air
47.

What year was Pluto discovered?

a)

79 AD

b)

1930

c)

2020

d)

2000

48.

Which of Pluto's moons is the largest (about half the size of Pluto)?

a)

Charon

b)

Nix

c)

Hydra

d)

Kerberos

e)

Styx

49.

What philosopher believed the Earth was at the center of the solar system?

a)

Copernicus

b)

Ptolemy

c)

Galileo

d)

Newton

50.

What philosopher proposed the heliocentric theory that the sun was at the center of the solar system?

a)

Copernicus

b)

Ptolemy

c)

Galileo

d)

Newton

51.

Which scientist proved the existence of gravity?

a)

Copernicus

b)

Ptolemy

c)

Newton

d)

Galileo

52.

Around which planet did Galileo discover 4 moons?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Saturn

d)

Jupiter

53.

Which mathematician calculated the orbits of planets revolving around the sun?

a)

Brahe

b)

Copernicus

c)

Galileo

d)

Kepler

54.

He discoverd Uranus while surveying stars in the night sky using a telescope that he had built himself.

a)

William Herschel

b)

Clyde Tombaugh

c)

Galileo Galilie

d)

John Couch Adams

55.

The discovery was made based on mathematical calculations of its predicted position due to observed perturbations in the orbit of the planet Uranus, who discovered Neptune?

a)

William Herschel

b)

Clyde Tombaugh

c)

Galileo Galilie

d)

Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams

56.

who discovered Pluto?

a)

William Herschel

b)

Clyde Tombaugh

c)

Galileo Galilie

d)

Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams

57.

From the choices presented - which is the largest object or structure in space?

a)

Earth

b)

The Sun

c)

The Solar System

d)

The asteroid belt

58.

Which object or structure is the smallest?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

The Solar System

59.

The largest single object in the solar system is ______.

a)

Saturn

b)

Jupiter

c)

Earth

d)

The Sun

60.

The largest structure in the entire Universe is the

a)

Universe itself.

b)

Orion Nebula.

c)

Milky Way Galaxy.

d)

Virgo Supercluster.

61.

What is a "light year?"

a)

a distance of about 6 trillion miles (9.8 trillion km)

b)

the distance traveled by the speed of light in 1 year

c)

the time traveled by the speed of light in 1 year

d)

a distance of about 6 billion miles (9.8 billion km)

62.

Why do astronomers use light years as a measurement?

a)

because miles & kilometers are sufficient

b)

it's an easier way to describe huge distances

c)

it's an easier way to describe large objects such as stars

d)

because distances in space are extremely vast

63.

The Milky Way galaxy is approximately _____ thousand light years in diameter.

a)

1000

b)

10

c)

100

d)

1

64.

It would take a single beam of light about ______ years to travel across the Milky Way.

a)

1 million

b)

10

c)

100,000

d)

1 billion

65.

The visible Universe may contain over _____ trillion galaxies.

a)

100

b)

1

c)

.1

d)

100,000

66.

Which statement best describes constellations?

a)

indecipherable so-called "patterns" that kinda make sense

b)

stars that are fairly close to each other

c)

patterns of stars that resemble animals and/or other objects

d)

pattern of stars in the night sky that reflects a culture

67.

The ecliptic describes the plane (or line) in which the Sun & the planets travel.

a)

True

b)

False

68.

The zodiac constellations include all 88 recognized (western) constellations.

a)

True

b)

False

69.

Polaris is also known as the "north star" and will remain so for the next 13,000 years.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

_______ is/are used to find specific objects and constellations on the celestial sphere.

a)

Right ascension

b)

Azimuth

c)

Celestial coordinates

d)

Declination

71.

Right ascension is a projection of ______ into space; declination is a projection of ______.

a)

the north pole, the south pole

b)

coordinates, azimuth

c)

latitude, longitude

d)

longitude, latitude

72.

What is the difference between the angle of measurement terms azimuth & altitude?

a)

altitude is only used to describe elevation

b)

azimuth is a "side to side" circle; altitude is "up & down"

c)

azimuth is a "up & down" circle; altitude is "side to side"

d)

both are projections of latitude & longitude

73.

The solar day is measured from sunrise to sunrise - while the sidereal day is measured from

a)

star rise to star rise.

b)

day to night & then back again.

c)

sunrise to sunset.

d)

star rise to sunset.

74.

Solstices occur when the Sun reaches the highest & lowest position in the sky. This occurs

a)

about once a year.

b)

around March 21st & Sept. 21st.

c)

very rarely.

d)

around June 21st & Dec. 21st.

75.

Equinoxes occur (around March 21st & Sept. 21st) when the Sun appears to be directly

a)

over the Tropic of Capricorn.

b)

over the Tropic of Cancer.

c)

over the Equator.

d)

between the Earth & Moon.

76.

Earth's seasons are caused by

a)

the precession of Earth's axis.

b)

its distance from the Sun.

c)

wobbles in its orbit and axis of rotation.

d)

its tilt; revolution around the Sun, and spherical shape.

77.

What is thought to be one of the main purposes of building Stonehenge?

a)

to predict the future

b)

to predict celestial events and seasons

c)

to create a lasting memorial to the gods

d)

to confound and confuse future historians

78.

The ability to predict seasons & celestial events were very important to the ancients because

a)

otherwise they would not know the time of day.

b)

there was no other way to figure out planetary movements.

c)

it allowed for crops to be planted and to keep track of time

d)

the phases of the Moon was very important to know.

79.

The Maya used a very sophisticated observatory called _______ to study the heavens.

a)

Chichen Itza

b)

Stonehenge

c)

the pyramids

d)

the Caracol

80.

The 1000 year-old Mayan observatory was much more sophisticated than Stonehenge because it was

a)

located in a more advantageous geographical area.

b)

able to predict the position of Venus and more celestial events.

c)

created by aliens.

d)

not as old or broken down.

81.

Why was the supernova of 1054 A.D. so important to astronomy?

a)

because the Chinese were able to view it

b)

it was the first time that a star actually blew up

c)

the event was one of the first to be recorded world-wide

d)

supernovas were (and still are) fairly common events

82.

Terms like "azimuth" "zenith" and major star names like "Betelgeuse" originated from

a)

Western European countries during the Renaissance.

b)

Latin words with roots from the Ancient Greeks.

c)

Muslim cultures during the Middle Ages.

d)

Muslim cultures during the Middle Ages.

83.

Why did the Ancient Greeks consider the stars to be "fixed" and non-moving?

a)

stars did not change positions over time like planets

b)

the stars were represented by the gods

c)

stars were considered to be so old they couldn't move

d)

they knew that the stars were always there

84.

Then Sun & the Moon's movement across the heavens were ______ according to the Ancient Greeks.

a)

slightly erratic leading to eclipses

b)

predictable

c)

not very predictable

d)

bizarre

85.

Why were planetary motions unpredictable?

a)

because they were representative of the Greek gods

b)

planets "wandered" or moved in backward loops unexpectedly

c)

ancient peoples had very little insight into the heavens

d)

they did not represent the stars so they were unpredictable

86.

The "backward loops" that most planets would appear to do once a year is called

a)

planetary motion.

b)

retrograde motion.

c)

prograde motion.

d)

a mystery.

87.

Retrograde motion was adequately explained by the geocentric theory and by Ptolemy's model.

a)

True

b)

False

88.

Ptolemy used epicycles and deferents in his heliocentric model to explain planetary motion.

a)

True

b)

False

89.

The geocentric model of the universe was basically accepted for over one thousand years.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

The Ancient Greeks considered the _____ a perfect shape and had to represent the heavens.

a)

parabola

b)

the Earth

c)

circle

d)

Moon to be

91.

Why was the Ptolemaic model of the universe accepted for so long?

a)

no one had ever thought of a better explanation

b)

people were prone to superstition

c)

it basically explained most of the movements of the planets

d)

religious & cultural reasons liked to put Earth at the center

92.

Aristarchus (of ancient Greece) correctly predicted the _______ theory of the Universe.

a)

geocentric

b)

heliocentric

c)

earth-centered

d)

sun-centered

93.

Heliocentric theory has the ____ revolving around the Sun, with only the ____ orbiting Earth.

a)

Moon, planets

b)

Moon, Sun

c)

stars, Moon

d)

planets, Moon

94.

How did the heliocentric model of the Universe explain retrograde motion of the planets?

a)

orbital speeds led to the illusion of retrograde motion

b)

planetary motion was apparent and not real

c)

by using epicycles & deferents

d)

the model did not fully explain retrograde motion

95.

What was the main reason why the heliocentric model made more sense than the geocentric model?

a)

it was simpler

b)

it fully explained planetary motion

c)

it explained why the stars were "fixed" in the night sky

d)

it did not require over 80 "circles within circles"

96.

Why did Copernicus wait to publish his book on heliocentricity?

a)

there wasn't enough scientific data

b)

he wasn't sure if his theory was correct

c)

he was fearful of the repercussions

d)

the theory was originally Aristarchus' idea

97.

_______ was the first to use a telescope to observe the heavens.

a)

Newton

b)

Kepler

c)

Copernicus

d)

Galileo

98.

Galileo also discovered that the Moon had

a)

what he thought were oceans (or maria).

b)

active volcanoes.

c)

mountains.

d)

ice.

99.

The combined discoveries of Galileo (using his telescope) provided direct evidence for

a)

the geocentric model.

b)

the Copernican model of the Universe.

c)

Earth being a sphere.

d)

the Ptolemaic model of the Universe

100.

Why did Galileo receive so much criticism for his published observations & studies?

a)

the observations made were crude due to technological limits

b)

his data was not accurate

c)

the findings were published in Latin & no one could read it

d)

his findings went against the strict church teachings

101.

What happened to Galileo after he published his findings in 1633?

a)

not much

b)

he was placed under house arrest

c)

he made a fortune and retired back to Pisa, Italy

d)

he was tried by the Inquisition and found guilty of heresy

102.
Identify The closest main sequence star to Earth
a)
Sirius
b)
Polaris
c)
The Sun
d)
Betelgeuse
103.
An average star's final stage is know as a
a)
Stella Blue
b)
White Dwarf
c)
Red Giant
d)
Black Dwarf
104.

What is the definition of parallax that they are talking about?

a)

The change in color of an object when viewed from different angles.

b)

The process of measuring the distance between two objects in space.

c)

The phenomenon of objects appearing larger when viewed from a closer distance.

d)

The apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different angles.

105.

During a stargazing night, Liam, Arjun, and Grace were discussing how parallax is used in astronomy. Can you help them understand its application?

a)

Parallax is used to study the composition of planets.

b)

Parallax is used to determine the age of stars.

c)

Parallax is used to measure the distance to nearby stars.

d)

Parallax is used to measure the size of galaxies.

106.

What is a light year?

a)

The distance that light travels in one year in a vacuum.

b)

The time it takes for light to travel one year

c)

The speed at which light travels in one year

d)

The distance that sound travels in one year

107.

Avery, Laveah, and Ky are stargazing and discussing how astronomers measure the distance to stars. They come up with different ideas. Which method correctly describes the use of parallax to measure the distance to stars?

a)

Avery suggests analyzing the star's composition

b)

Leveah thinks it's by measuring the brightness of the star

c)

Ky believes it's by observing the apparent shift in the position of a star when viewed from different points in Earth's orbit around the Sun

d)

They all agree on using a telescope to directly measure the distance

108.

Parallax is used to determine a star’s

a)

distance from Earth.

b)

brightness.

109.

How does parallax change as the distance to the object increases?

a)

decreases

b)

increases

110.

How far away is Earth from the sun in Astronomical Units?

a)

150 million

b)

1

111.

If a star has a parallax angle of 1 arcseconds, how far away from Earth is it in lightyears?

a)

3.26

b)

1

112.

Constellation is a group of (a)   to make a pattern in the sky.

113.

What is the name of this constellation?

a)

Big dipper

b)

Orion

c)

Southern Cross

d)

Scorpion

114.

What is the name of this constellation?

a)

Southern Cross

b)

Big dipper

c)

Orion

d)

Scorpion

e)

Scorpio

115.

What is the pattern of this constellation?

a)

Kite

b)

Ladle

c)

Hunter

d)

Big dipper

116.

What is the pattern for this constellation?

a)

Big dipper

b)

Southern Cross

c)

Kite

d)

Hunter

117.

Which statements are correct about this constellation?

a)

The largest constellation.

b)

It can be found at southern area.

c)

It shows north direction.

d)

It can be found at northern area.

e)

The smallest constellation.

118.

Which constellation shows harvesting season?

a)
b)
c)
d)
119.

Which constellation shows qibla direction?

a)
b)
c)
d)
120.

Which constellation shows planting season?

a)
b)
c)
d)
121.

If you are lost at southern hemisphere, which constellation to look out for direction?

a)

Big dipper

b)

Southern cross

c)

Orion

d)

Scorpio

122.

Why Orion constellation is used to show direction of praying for Muslim?

a)

Because it is the only constellation in the sky

b)

Because it can be found in Northern and Southerrn hemisphere

c)

Because it is the only constellation can show the direction

123.

_______ are balls of gases made up of mainly hydrogen and helium.

a)

Moons

b)

Stars

c)

Planets

d)

Asteroids

124.

________ do not give out heat and light.

a)

Planets

b)

Stars

c)

Sun

d)

Betelgeuse

125.
True/False: The stars we see in each constellation are very close to us.
a)
True
b)
False
126.
As the earth rotates on its axis, the constellations and stars in them appear to _________.  
a)
move across the sky
b)
stand still in the sky
c)
move around each other
d)
rotate
127.
The sky is divided into ____ constellations.
a)
11
b)
22
c)
44
d)
88
128.
What is the largest constellation?
a)
Canis Major
b)
Big Dipper
c)
Draco
d)
Hydra
129.
What constellation has the Little Dipper as part of its pattern?
a)
Ursa Minor
b)
Ursa Major
c)
Polaris
d)
Andromeda
130.
What is the smallest constellation?
a)
The Little Dipper
b)
The Crux
c)
Orion
d)
Sagittarius
131.

The distance light can travel in one year is ______________

a)

15,000 kilometers

b)

1 light-year

c)

15 Astronomical Units

d)

6,000 miles

132.

Which unit of measurement is used to measure distances within our solar system?

a)

inches

b)

kilometers

c)

miles

d)

Astronomical units

133.

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 0.3Gm/s. What is its speed in meters per second (m/s)


1 Gigameter = 1 x 109 meter

a)

3 x 108 m/s

b)

3 x 10-8 m/s

c)

6 x 109 m/s

134.

200.0 cm = _?_ km

a)

20.00

b)

2.000

c)

0.002

d)

0.02

135.

What is a LY in AU

a)

63,240 AU

b)

30,000,000 AU

c)

30,000,000 AU

d)

3.26 AU

136.

1 AU in meters

a)

3 x 108 m

b)

9.46 x 1015m

c)

1.55 x 1011 m

d)

1.25 million m

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