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WorksheetsAPES Unit 2 Review
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 6hrs 58mins
The type of species that are vulnerable to fragmentation are ___ because they require large plots of land.
apex predators
herbivores
generalists
primary consumers
One solution to connect fragmented habitats is to build habitat corridors.
True
False
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.
There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.
Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.
The four types of ecosystem services are
Provisioning, regulating, cultural, moderating
Provisioning, regulating, supervision, intervention
Regulating, provisioning, supporting, cultural
Regulating, provisioning, moderating, reoccurring
Which community has higher species evenness?
Community A
Community B
Species richness is
a measure of how all of the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between the different species.
the total number of different species found in an ecosystem
Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.
small and near; large and far
large and far; small and near
large and near; small and far
small and far; large and near
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.
There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas is known as
The study of Islandology
Genetic drift
Demographic bottleneck
Island biogeography
Which is the best description of the two communities shown?
Community 1 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 2.
Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2.
Community 2 has a higher evenness and higher richness than Community 1.
Community 2 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 1.
The relative abundance of individuals within each species refers to the
Species Richness
Genetic Diversity
Species Evenness
Ecological Diversity
A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.
genetic drift
gene flow
bottleneck effect
founder effect
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating
genetic drift
gene flow
bottleneck effect
founder effect
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Obtaining lumber from a forest would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
What are ecosystem services?
Products obtained from ecosystems
Benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems
Services provided by technology
Benefits that animals obtain from ecosystems
Which of the following is an example of a provisioning ecosystem service?
Mining of minerals in a forest ecosystem
Production of crops or fish in an agricultural or aquatic ecosystem
Hunting of animals in a grassland ecosystem
Logging of trees in a wetland ecosystem
What is island geography?
The study of the physical and human characteristics of mountains.
The study of the physical and human characteristics of islands.
The study of the physical and human characteristics of forests.
The study of the physical and human characteristics of deserts.
Which of the following is a characteristic of island geography?
Isolation by mountains
Isolation by deserts
Isolation by forests
Isolation by water
What is ecological tolerance?
The amount of food a species can consume in a given environment
The ability of a species to control its environment
The process of adapting to a new ecosystem
The range of environmental conditions that a species can tolerate and survive in.
Which of the following is an example of ecological tolerance?
A plant species that can survive in both high and low temperatures.
A plant species that can only survive in low temperatures.
A plant species that can only survive in high temperatures.
A plant species that can survive in any temperature.
What is the main purpose of ecosystem services?
To provide essential benefits to humans and the environment.
To harm humans and the environment.
To limit the resources available to humans and the environment.
To create imbalance in the ecosystem.
Which of the following is an example of a cultural ecosystem service?
Watching a movie
Going to the gym
Eating at a restaurant
Visiting a national park
What is the significance of island geography in conservation biology?
Island geography has no significance in conservation biology.
Island geography only affects marine species, not terrestrial species.
Island geography leads to the extinction of all species.
Island geography provides unique ecosystems and habitats that are isolated from mainland influences, leading to the evolution of distinct species and vulnerability to extinction.
Which of the following is a threat to ecosystem services?
Habitat destruction
Sustainable development
Biodiversity conservation
Climate change
Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands. And less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.
small and near; large and far
large and far; small and near
large and near; small and far
small and far; large and near
One solution to connect fragmented habitats is to build habitat corridors.
True
False
Larger islands have __ extinction rates.
greater
lower
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
Click the image to enlarge it. Would island 1 or 2 likely have higher biodiversity?
1
2
Would the continuous or fragmented habitats be more able to recover from a natural disturbance?
Contiguous
Fragmented
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have higher biodiversity than large islands
Small islands have more resources and as a result may have more species
Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species
You are on a town committee formed to determine the borders for a new local nature park. You explain that according to the theory of island biogeography, if the committee wishes to promote species richness it should
II only
III only
I and II
I, II, and III
The aesthetic value of an ecosystem provides
a supporting service.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
a cultural service.
A(n) ______ in species diversity is associated with a(n) ________ in the functions an ecosystem provides.
increase; decrease
decrease; increase
decrease; unobserved change
decline; decline
Which is NOT one of the five ecosystem services that are used to calculate instrumental value?
species biodiversity
resilience
support systems
regulating services
When a spruce tree is harvested so the wood can be used to build a house, the tree is providing
a cultural service.
a provision.
an intrinsic value.
a monetary unit.
Human waste is often dumped in the ocean. Microbial organisms in marine ecosystems can break down organic waste into less harmful components. This is an example of
a cultural service.
an ecosystem provision.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
Bees are important to ecosystems and humans because they provide
a regulating service through the pollination of crops.
a regulating service that increases crop yields.
a support system through the pollination of food crops.
a support system through promoting biodiversity of crops.
Which of the following would be considered an instrumental value of an ecosystem?
ecological cycling of nutrients
high decomposition rates, adding nutrients to the soil
high net primary production
use of lumber from a forest
Products obtained from nature that humans can use such as lumber, medicines and food crops are
ecological benefits.
provisions.
supplies.
services.
The study of where organisms live and how they got there is called ___________________________.
ecology
biogeography
entomology
chemistry
The movement of organisms from one place to another is called ______________________.
dispersal
transition
spread
drift
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have higher biodiversity than large islands
Small islands have more resources and as a result may have more species
Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.
There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.
What is the best way to reduce stress on the ecosystem's provisioning services?
Use electric cars
Slow down population growth
Limiting human access to national parks
Recycling
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
The intrinsic value of an ecosystem is
the cost of maintaining and conserving an ecosystem.
the value of an ecosystem as determined through a cost-benefit analysis.
the value of an ecosystem dependent on human benefit.
the value of an ecosystem independent of any human benefit.
An island is any ____ habitat surrounded by ________
suitable - unsuitable habitat
land - water
small lfragment land - water
unsuitable - suitable habitat
Generally, ______ islands have _______ number of species
far - fewer
far - more
close - fewer
Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.
small and near; large and far
large and far; small and near
large and near; small and far
small and far; large and near
One solution to connect fragmented habitats is to build habitat corridors.
True
False
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.
There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.
Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.
Larger islands have __ extinction rates.
greater
lower
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have higher biodiversity than large islands
Small islands have more resources and as a result may have more species
Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.
There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
What is the effect of island size on species richness according to the theory of island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more species
Larger islands have more species
Island size does not affect species richness
Species richness is inversely proportional to island size
According to the theory of island biogeography, how does the distance of an island from the mainland affect the number of species?
Islands closer to the mainland have more species
Islands farther from the mainland have more species
Distance from the mainland does not affect the number of species
The number of species is inversely proportional to the distance from the mainland
What is the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity?
It increases biodiversity by creating more habitats
It decreases biodiversity by isolating species
It has no impact on biodiversity
It increases biodiversity by reducing competition
How does the distance of an island from the mainland affect its biodiversity?
Islands closer to the mainland have less biodiversity due to increased competition
Islands farther from the mainland have more biodiversity due to increased isolation
Islands closer to the mainland have more biodiversity due to easier access for species
The distance of an island from the mainland has no effect on its biodiversity
According to the theory of island biogeography, why would an island with a larger area have more species than a smaller one?
Larger islands have more habitats and therefore can support more species.
Smaller islands are more prone to natural disasters, which can wipe out species.
Larger islands are closer to continents, so more species can reach them.
Smaller islands have fewer resources, so they can support fewer species.
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
Which of the following has a negative impact on biodiversity?
Accidental introduction of invasive species
Burning fossil fuels
Burning the Amazon forest
Population growth
Overconsumption
The LESS genetically diverse a population is, the better it can respond to environmental stressors
True
False
A population founded when just a few members of a species survive a catastrophic event or colonize a new habitat that isolated is known as
Genetic drift
Island biogeography
Demographic bottleneck
Ecosystem service
Genetic diversity plays an important role in the survival or extinction of small, isolated populations
True
False
Which of these ecosystems would be most likely to recover?
a temperate forest with average biodiversity that loses many types of trees due to a fire
a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity that loses a species of fig tree due to a type of fungus
a desert that has low biodiversity and loses all of the saguaro cacti that are growing there
Which tank will have the highest overall biodiversity?
one coral, one type of algae, and
a ghost shrimp
five angelfish, two types of coral, one type of algae, and two seahorses
three angelfish and two seahorses
Bee pollination is an example of
Ecosystem service
Genetic biodiversity
Species evenness
Which ecosystem would scientists consider to be the most stable?
a tropical rainforest that is being cut down to make room for farmland
a temperate forest where all the tree trunks have been damaged by beetles
a savanna that retains the same number of species even when a drought occurs
An ecosystem with high biodiversity will...
take awhile to recover
will not recover
will likely recover quickly
A farmer wants to increase the species biodiversity on his farm. Which of these actions would be most effective?
plant large numbers of many different crops on the farm
raise a few organisms of many different species
genetically modify the seeds of one crop
An event, such as storm, fire, flood, drought, overgrazing or human activity, that changes a community and alters resource availability
biodiversity
disturbance
eutrophication
natural resources
Products obtained from the environment are considered
Regulating services
Species biodiversity
Supporting services
Provisioning services
I am walking through a park and enjoying nature. This is an example of what kind of ecosystem service?
Cultural service
Regulating service
Nature walk
Supporting service
You are on a town committee formed to determine the borders for a new local nature park. You explain that according to the theory of island biogeography, if the committee wishes to promote species richness it should
II only
III only
I and II
I, II, and III
The aesthetic value of an ecosystem provides
a supporting service.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
a cultural service.
The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas is known as
The study of Islandology
Genetic drift
Demographic bottleneck
Island biogeography
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity
Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have higher biodiversity than large islands
Small islands have more resources and as a result may have more species
Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.
There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.
generalist species
specialist species
Giant pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively. For this reason, giant pandas are an example of a(n)
carnivore
omnivore
generalist
specialist
Primary succession occurs in an area that has:
soil
no soil
some soil
none of these
___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.
foundational organisms
introductory organisms
primary organisms
pioneer species
What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?
Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock
Plants die from drought and decompose
Land is bulldozed and soil remains
Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?
grass - shrubs - lichens - trees
lichens - shrubs - grasses - trees
lichens - grasses - shrubs - trees
grasses - lichens - shrubs - trees
What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?
Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil
Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage
Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community
Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil
What is the term that describes a steady and stable community?
peak community
turf community
climax community
disturbed community
Which is faster: Primary or Secondary Succession?
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Both Take The Same Amount of Time
Which of the following is NOT a pioneer species?
Shrubs
Lichen
Mosses
Fungi
T or F: Succession increases biodiversity.
true
false
The Final stage of ecological succession is...
Mature Tree Growth
Climax Community
Pioneer Community
Primary Succession
A bare rock community must first undergo...
the break down of soil in primary succession
the formation of grasses in secondary succesion
creating a climax community
the growth of trees on it
What is the first organism in aquatic succession?
Fish
Algae
Water lilies
Frogs
Which of the following is a characteristic of a keystone species?
They are always the largest species in an ecosystem
They have no impact on the biodiversity of an ecosystem
Removal of them can cause drastic changes in an ecosystem
They are always the smallest species in an ecosystem
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Elephant
Grass
Butterfly
Algae
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Keystone Species?
They have a large effect on their environment relative to their abundance
Removing them causes significant changes in the ecosystem
They are always the largest species in the ecosystem
Their actions can affect the types and numbers of other species in their ecosystem
What is the role of indicator species in monitoring environmental changes?
They provide early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem
They have no role in monitoring environmental changes
They are responsible for causing environmental changes
They prevent environmental changes from occurring
Which is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?
provisioning
regulating
associating
supporting
cultural
The aesthetic value of an ecosystem provides
a supporting service.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
a cultural service.
When a spruce tree is harvested so the wood can be used to build a house, the tree is providing
a cultural service.
a provision.
an intrinsic value.
a monetary unit.
Human waste is often dumped in the ocean. Microbial organisms in marine ecosystems can break down organic waste into less harmful components. This is an example of
a cultural service.
an ecosystem provision.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
Products obtained from nature that humans can use such as lumber, medicines and food crops are
ecological benefits.
provisions.
supplies.
services.
Fruits, fish, and livestock are all examples of what type of ecosystem service?
Economic
Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Music, art, and architecture born from interactions with nature are all examples of what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Supporting
Natural processes such as nutrient cycling and the creation of soils are all examples of what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Supporting
Which of the following would be an example of a regulating service?
Nutrient cycling
Photosynthesis
Drinking water from a creek
Bees pollinating flowers
Bacteria decomposing waste is an example of what type of ecosystem service?
economic
regulating
provisioning
supporting
All of the following are considered anthropogenic disruptions EXCEPT:
Pollution
Hurricanes
Logging
Overharvesting
Disruptions are always detrimental.
True
False
The amount of glacial ice on Earth directly correlates to what?
Sea levels
Land mass
Plant distribution
Animal biodiversity
Which of the following is an anthropogenic disruption?
Wind Damage
Wildfires
Fragmentation
Flooding
Which is the best description of natural disruptions?
they are only caused by humans
the can occur periodically or randomly
they always cause complete destruction of an ecosystem
they are always detrimental to ecosystems
An ecosystem that rapidly returns to its original state after a disturbance is
resistant
resilient
stable
adaptable
What is the primary difference between ecosystem resilience and resistance?
Resilience is the ability to recover from disturbances, while resistance is the ability to withstand them
Resilience is the ability to withstand disturbances, while resistance is the ability to recover from them
There is no difference between resilience and resistance
Resilience refers to ecosystems, while resistance refers to individual species
Which of the following factors can increase an ecosystem's resilience?
Decreased biodiversity
Increased pollution
Increased species adaptability
Increased habitat fragmentation
What organisms are commonly used as a biological measurement of changing climates?
formaminifera
diatoms
we do not use organisms to measure a change in climate
we only use chemical analyses of air bubbles trapped in ice
What is the impact of random disruptions on the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
They always increase biodiversity
They always decrease biodiversity
They have no impact on biodiversity
Their impact on biodiversity can vary depending on the nature and severity of the disruption
Which of the following is an example of a periodic disruption in an ecosystem?
Volcanic eruption
Seasonal flooding
Forest fire
Earthquake
How does episodic disruption differ from random disruption in an ecosystem?
Episodic disruptions are predictable, while random disruptions are not
Episodic disruptions are caused by human activities, while random disruptions are natural
Episodic disruptions are short-term, while random disruptions are long-term
There is no difference between episodic and random disruptions
_____ are a long-term source for carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
ice cores
foraminifera
ocean sediments
Long term data for temperature on Earth comes from _________.
ice cores
foraminifera
What is the correlation between historical changes in sea level and carbon dioxide levels?
Sea level rises as carbon dioxide levels decrease
Sea level falls as carbon dioxide levels increase
Sea level rises as carbon dioxide levels increase
There is no correlation between sea level and carbon dioxide levels
