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Biodiversity Ecosystem and Resilience

Total questions: 113

Worksheet time: 2hrs 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is an invasive species?
a)
A native (naturally found) species which are added to an area. 
b)
A non-native (not naturally found) species added to an area. 
c)
A keystone species in an environment
d)
none of the above
2.
What does biodiversity mean?
a)
Only one species in an area.
b)
The different amount of species in an area
c)
All abiotic life
d)
Nitrogen fixation
3.

The prefix Bio means

a)

life

b)

birds

c)

science

d)

ecosystems

4.

Why is biodiversity in an ecosystem so important?

a)

Because it can help humans where to determine good places to develop farm land.

b)

Because places that have a healthy biodiversity are unaffected by major disturbances.

c)

Because having a high biodiversity allows ecosystems to withstand major changes.

d)

Because having a high biodiversity allows for fewer opportunities of competition for similar resources.

5.

An ecosystem thrives with biotic and abiotic components. An example of an abiotic part of an ecosystem is ______________.

a)

Bacteria

b)

Fungus

c)

Water

d)

Decaying plants

6.

All of the living and nonliving components that interact in an environment.

a)

population

b)

ecosystem

c)

community

d)

organism

7.
What is the term used to describe all living things in an ecosystem?
a)
Biotic Factors
b)
Abiotic Factors
c)
Environmental Factors
d)
Population
8.

A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest.

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Pioneer Species

c)

Indicator Species

d)

Exotic Species

9.

A keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species.

a)

Foundation Species

b)

Pioneer Species

c)

Indicator Species

d)

Exotic Species

10.

Species that is found in only one area. Such species are especially vulnerable to extinction.

a)

Endemic Species

b)

Pioneer Species

c)

Indicator Species

d)

Exotic Species

11.

A life form that affects an entire ecosystem.

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Herbivores

c)

Umbrella Species

d)

Predators

12.

True or false. Some countries are remarkable for their biodiversity and richness of flora and fauna; these countries have been declared mega diverse.

a)

True

b)

False

13.

True or false. Endemic species are vulnerable and very likely to become endangered species.

a)

True

b)

False

14.
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem  is called?
a)
endangered species
b)
biology
c)
biodiversity
d)
natural selection
15.
a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.
a)
keystone species
b)
corner species
c)
important species
d)
essential species
16.

Invasive species can have a major impact on the ecosystem.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

17.

Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly?

a)

Invasive Species are native to an area.

b)

Invasive species are prey to many animals.

c)

Invasive species have no natural predators.

d)

Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.

18.

The primary cause of invasive species introduction is

a)

too much food

b)

human actions

c)

weather events

d)

asteroids

19.

Do you think Bees are examples of keystone species?

a)

True

b)

False

20.
1. What makes a species invasive?
a)
Moving to a new ecosystem and taking resources from natives 
b)
Not having papers
c)
Species that can't adapt
d)
Plants that take up too much space
21.
What kind of organisms can become invasive? 
a)
Lions, Tigers, Bears
b)
Plants, Animals, or Pathogens 
c)
Animals
d)
Plants
22.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of most invasive species?
a)
Ability to breathe in the air & in the water
b)
Large, sharp teeth
c)
Produce many offspring
d)
Is a top predator
23.
Invasive species have a negative impact on...
a)
the ecosystem
b)
the economy
c)
Both the ecosystem and the economy
d)
None of these
24.

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria:

a)

It must have at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics. A hotspot, in other words, is irreplaceable.

b)

It must have 30% or less of its original natural vegetation. In other words, it must be threatened.

c)

Is influenced by many factors, including abiotic factors, species interactions, level of disturbance, and chance events.

25.

Mention two endemic species and two invasive species in a region of Ecuador

4 lines
26.

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

a)

the number of people on Earth

b)

the variety of species on Earth

c)

the number of animal species in a specific area

d)

the number of plant species in a specific area

27.

a species that is not native to a particular region

a)

endemic

b)

exotic

c)

endangered

d)

extinct

28.

species that are native to and found only within a limited area

a)

endemic

b)

exotic

c)

endangered

d)

extinct

29.

a species at risk, but not yet endangered

a)

endangered

b)

exotic

c)

endemic

d)

threatened

30.

Which of the following would be most effective in slowing the loss of biodiversity?

a)

creating large parks/preserves in biodiversity hotspots

b)

requiring every country to maintain a seed bank

31.

In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?

a)

in deserts

b)

in the Arctic

c)

in tropical rain forests

32.

According to biologists, what percentage of species have become or are expected to become extinct between 1900 and 2100?

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

60%

33.

Why is biodiversity important to ecosystems?

a)

It helps populations adapt to ecological changes.

b)

It increases at each level of the food chain.

34.

Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located?

a)

islands, tropical rain forests, and coastal areas

b)

cities and developed areas of the world

35.

The lionfish is a venomous fish found primarily in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the 1990s, lionfish were accidentally released into the Atlantic Ocean, where they found abundant resources and favorable environmental conditions. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in the lionfish having a major impact on the communities into which they were introduced?

a)

With no natural predators, the lionfish population will become very large.

b)

Some native species of invertebrates will develop a resistance to lionfish venom.

36.
How can humans best help an endangered species avoid extinction?
a)
they can feed the animals
b)
they can put the animals in a zoo
c)
they can protect the animal’s habitat
d)
they can take the animal to new habitats
37.

Which of the following terms describes any major changes that may occur to an ecosystem?

a)

Distubance

b)

Resiliency

c)

Adaptations

d)

Biodiversity

38.

Define genetic diversity

a)

variation of genes within a species or population in a given area

b)

variety of ecosystems in a given area

c)

system made up of all the living and nonliving things in a given area

d)

disturbance in the environment conditions that cause genetic changes to occur in organisms

39.

Define ecosystem diversity

a)

variety of ecosystems in a given area

b)

variation of genes within a species or population in a given area

c)

variety of life in Earth's land, freshwater, and marine ecosystems

d)

changes to an ecosystem that affect how the parts of it interact

40.

What is an example of a human disturbance?

a)

Deforestation

b)

Drought

c)

Tsunami

d)

Changing Seasons

41.

Which of these is NOT true about the Endangered Species Act

a)

It protects all plants and animals on the endangered species list

b)

It is a law that must be obeyed around the world.

c)

Anyone who harms species covered by this act can receiver a fine ($)

d)

It is enforces by US Fish & Wildlife Service

42.

CITES was first enacted to protect which poached species

a)

Rhinos

b)

Sea Turtles

c)

African Elephants

d)

Lions

43.

DDT is a pesticide that drastically affected which species?

a)

Brown Pelicans

b)

Lions

c)

African Elephants

d)

Tuna

44.

What species was removed from the Channel Islands so the Island Fox could thrive?

a)

Golden Eagle

b)

Bald Eagle

c)

Deer Mouse

d)

Scrub Jay

45.

The term diversity means

a)

similarity

b)

variety

46.

The variation in Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan regions is an example of

a)

Genetic diversity

b)

Species diversity

c)

Species diversity

47.

Which of the following have greater amphibian species diversity than the others?

a)

Western Ghats

b)

Eastern Ghats

48.

Which of the following countries have varied ecosystems?

a)

Norway

b)

India

49.

Among animals, ____________are the most species rich taxonomic group.

a)

mollusc

b)

crustaceans

c)

Insects

50.

" Nature's Biological Library is burning even before we catalogued the titles of all the books stocked there". This implies that .....................

a)

Nature has a library with books we did not read yet, and not catalogued. The library started to burn now.

b)

The species present in nature are compared to books stocked in a library, and that a large fraction of these species are going to be extinct, even before we have discovered them.

51.

Which of the following statements are true about latitudinal gradient?

a)

Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards poles.

b)

Species diversity is more in temperate latitude, than, other latitudes.

c)

Species diversity is more in poles than in equator.

52.

What is so special about tropics that account for their greater biological diversity? Tick the appropriate option.

a)

Tropics had glaciation in the past and cyclones in the present, that helps in species richness

b)

Tropics receive less sunlight when compared to poles, biological diversity becomes more in less sunlit areas.

c)

There is more solar energy in the tropics, contributing to more productivity and hence greater biological diversity.

53.

Alexander Von Humboldt observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing __________but only up to a limit.

a)

Area

b)

Food

c)

Predators

54.

When the value of regression coefficient z lies in the range of 0.6 to 1.2, we will find , the slope of the line to be _________

a)

more gentle

b)

more steeper

55.

In the analogy used by ecologist Paul Ehrlich, rivets are compared to ___________ and airplane to __________

a)

rivets to nature and airplane to animals

b)

rivets to species and airplane to ecosystem

c)

rivets to play tools and airplane to play station for passengers

56.

Among some of the recent extinctions, Thylacine is from which of the following places?

a)

Mauritius

b)

Africa

c)

Australia

57.

Sixth extinction presently in progress is different from previous episodes, in which of the following ways?

a)

The current species extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times faster than in the pre- human times.

b)

The current species extinction rates are slower than in Dinosaur period.

c)

It is not true that extinction is currently taking place.

58.

The Evil Quartet is the sobriquet used to describe four causes of biodiversity losses. One of them is given in the options below. Tick the appropriate one.

a)

An evil spirit came in disguise to the earth and consumed biodiversity.

b)

When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it also becomes extinct.

c)

Aliens arrived from outer space and destroyed earth's biodiversity.

59.

Which of the following are one of the Broadly Utilitarian arguments to conserve Biodiversity?

a)

Pollination

b)

firewood

c)

It is our moral duty to care for the well being of other species living on our planet with us.

60.

Amongst vertebrates, which among the following demonstrate most species diversity globally?

a)

Fishes

b)

Amphibians

c)

Reptiles

d)

Birds

61.

In the species area relationship equation, log S= log C+ Z log A, C represents ?

a)

constant

b)

competition

c)

Y intercept

d)

slope of the line

62.

The term Biodiversity hotspots mean _________

a)

Regions with high levels of species richness and endemism.

b)

Regions with hot thermal springs and rivers

c)

Spots on one species of frog, that makes our skin burn if touched.

63.

Which of the following options are one of the examples of sacred groves in our country?

a)

khasi and Jaintia hills in Meghalaya

b)

Botanical gardens

c)

Zoological parks

d)

Wild life safari parks

64.

The approach of conservation, where the whole ecosystem is protected , in order to conserve the biodiversity at all levels is called as _____approach.

a)

In situ conservation

b)

Ex situ conservation

65.

Tigers living in warm climates have thinner coats of fur than those in cool climates. This is an example of:

a)

Genetic diversity

b)

Species diversity

c)

Ecosystem diversity

d)

Genera diversity

66.

A region that includes tigers, eagles, lizards, fish, rabbits, and many other types of organisms would be best described as having a high level of

a)

taxonomic diversity

b)

genetic diversity

c)

ecosystem diversity

d)

species diversity

67.

The latitudinal gradient is a natural pattern in which species diversity generally

a)

increases towards the equator

b)

decreases towards the prime meridian

c)

decreases in warmer climates

d)

increases towards the prime meridian

68.

High levels of biodiversity tend to

a)

have little or no effect on ecosystems

b)

decrease an ecosystem's resistance to change

c)

increase the stability of an ecosystem

d)

make an ecosystem less resilient

69.

Which product often comes from the natural environment?

a)

cooking oil

b)

medicines

c)

fuel

d)

all of the above

70.

The disappearance of a particular population from a given area, but not of the entire species globally is called

a)

extirpation

b)

extinction

c)

poaching

d)

fragmentation

71.

The biggest cause of biodiversity loss today is

a)

climate change

b)

over-harvesting

c)

habitat change and fragmentation

d)

pollution

72.

The goals of _________ are to manage, protect, and reintroduce threatened and endangered species.

a)

wildlife corridors

b)

conservation concessions

c)

Species Survival Plans

d)

biodiversity hotspots

73.

A species that is at risk of serious extinction is called a(n)

a)

threatened species

b)

invasive species

c)

endangered species

d)

extirpated species

74.

What global phenomenon has caused some organisms to move towards the poles or to higher altitudes?

a)

habitat fragmentation

b)

pollution

c)

invasive species

d)

warming temperatures

75.

What is the major law in the United States that protects biodiversity?

a)

Convention on Biological Diversity

b)

Endangered Species Act

c)

US Fish and Wildlife Service

d)

Species Survival Plan

76.

A treaty is a(n)

a)

state law to protect wildlife

b)

agreement under international law

c)

trade with land owners

d)

biodiversity program run by zoos

77.

Zoos and aquariums can help increase wildlife populations through

a)

captive breeding programs

b)

international biodiversity treaties

c)

conservation concessions

d)

wildlife corridors

78.

Which of the following is a single-species approach to protecting biodiversity?

a)

building wildlife corridors

b)

selling conservation concessions

c)

captive breeding and cloning

d)

mapping biodiversity hotspots

79.

Which of the following is an example of a method for managing whole ecosystems and habitats?

a)

captive breeding

b)

cloning

c)

Species Survival Plans

d)

mapping biodiversity hotspots

80.

A plan to establish an 8000km long strip of land across eight SE Asian countries to rejoin fragments of habitats is an example of

a)

wildlife corridor

b)

world biodiversity treaty

c)

captive breeding program

d)

conservation concession

81.

Taxonomists are the scientists who classify species.

a)

True

b)

False

82.

Species richness generally increases toward the poles

a)

True

b)

False

83.

An ecosystem is considered stable if it is both resistant and resilient.

a)

True

b)

False

84.

In recent decades, extinction rates have been significantly lower than normal.

a)

True

b)

False

85.

Which type of coastline would probably support greater species diversity?

a)

Rocky

b)

Tree-lined

c)

Beach and sand

86.

What is genetic diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

87.

What is habitat diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

88.

What is species diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

89.

Factors that limit a species from growing out of control.

a)

Environmental resistance

b)

Biotic potential

c)

Host Parasites

d)

Relationships

90.

What is a change brought about by a physical, chemical, or biological agent that impacts population size or community structure?

a)

resistance

b)

stability

c)

disturbance

d)

resilience

91.

What is the ability of an ecosystem to recover after it has undergone a disturbance?

a)

resistance

b)

stability

c)

disturbance

d)

resilience

92.

Which of the following are examples of natural disturbances? (Select ALL that apply!)

a)

tornado

b)

tsunami

c)

volcano

d)

earthquake

e)

urbanization

93.

what is a water shed

a)

an aquifer.

b)

water stored under ground used for drinking

c)

an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

94.
Which is NOT true about disturbances?
a)
they are caused by natural events such as hurricanes
b)
they occur only on short time scales
c)
they can cause complete destruction of an ecosystem
d)
many result in no change in ecosystem productivity
95.

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis theory states that intermediate levels of disturbance will

a)

increase runoff

b)

increase ecosystem nutrient cycling

c)

decrease primary productivity

d)

increase species diversity

96.
Which is a measure of how much a disturbance can affect the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem?
a)
Diversity
b)
Intensity
c)
Resistance
d)
Resilience
97.

Phylogenetic trees show...

a)

Evolutionary relationships between different species

b)

How one species has evolved through time

c)

Which species has evolved the most

d)

Which species have evolved from other species

98.

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

a)

biodiversity

b)

demography

c)

carrying capacity

d)

poaching

99.

a species that is not native to a particular region

a)

endemic

b)

exotic

c)

endangered

d)

extinct

100.

species that are native to and found only within a limited area

a)

endemic

b)

exotic

c)

endangered

d)

extinct

101.

a species at risk, but not yet endangered

a)

endangered

b)

exotic

c)

endemic

d)

threatened

102.

How many species are estimated to be living on Earth?

a)

between 10,000 and 100,000

b)

between 1 and 2 million

c)

between 500,000 and 1 million

d)

between 10 and 50 million

103.

Which of the following would be most effective in slowing the loss of biodiversity?

a)

creating large parks/preserves in biodiversity hotspots

b)

requiring every country to maintain a seed bank

104.

In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?

a)

in deserts

b)

in the Arctic

c)

in tropical rain forests

105.

The level of biodiversity that involves a variety of habits and communities is _____ diversity.

a)

ecosystem

b)

population

c)

genetic

d)

species

106.

What level of biodiversity is most commonly equated with the overall concept of biodiversity?

a)

genetic

b)

ecosystem

c)

species

107.

Why is biodiversity important to ecosystems?

a)

It helps populations adapt to ecological changes.

b)

It increases at each level of the food chain.

108.
Currently sharks are on a rapid decline due to overfishing. If sharks go extinct will this affect the biodiversity of the ocean?
a)
No, sharks are not important.
b)
No, sharks will only affect the seal populations.
c)
Yes, it will disrupt the entire food chain in the ocean.
d)
Yes, but only a little.
109.

The LESS genetically diverse a population is, the better it can respond to environmental stressors

a)

True

b)

False

110.

The ecological diversity involves all of the following except

a)

Number of niches

b)

Trophic levels

c)

Genetic factors

d)

Ecological Processes

111.
What is an invasive species?
a)
A native (naturally found) species which are added to an area. 
b)
A non-native (not naturally found) species added to an area. 
c)
A keystone species in an environment
d)
none of the above
112.
What is the variety of genes present?
a)
bidiversity
b)
species diversity
c)
extinction
d)
genetic diversity
113.
The number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community.
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
extinction
d)
species diversity