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WorksheetsChapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Cumulative Test
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 32mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Point A is a ____
a)
divergent boundary.
b)
convergent boundary.
c)
transform boundary.
d)
none of the above.
2.
At which location is an earthquake LEAST likely to happen?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
3.
Based on the current direction of plate movement, millions of years from now South America and Africa are likely to be
a)
closer together.
b)
farther apart.
c)
nonexistent.
d)
much the same as today.
4.
A Richter scale magnitude 8.0 earthquake is how many times larger than a magnitude 7.0 earthquake?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
10
d)
100
5.
What causes an earthquake?
a)
Tectonic plates sliding smoothly past one another.
b)
A sudden release of built-up pressure along faults.
c)
Seismic waves knocking down buildings.
d)
All of the above
6.
If all other factors are the same, buildings built on loose sediments usually ____buildings built on solid bedrock.
a)
suffer more damage from an earthquake than
b)
suffer less damage from an earthquake than
c)
suffer equal damage from an earthquake as
d)
all of the above
7.
The amount of earthquake damage that occurs to a structure is affected by ____.
a)
the intensity of the earthquake at the structure’s locatio
b)
the type of earth material that the structure is built on.
c)
the design and construction materials of the structure.
d)
all of the above
8.
GPS data on either side of a north-south trending fault show a 24.1 mm/year northerly movement for the east side and a 24.8 mm/year northerly movement on the west side. This measured movement indicates what type of plate boundary?
a)
transform boundary
b)
convergent boundary
c)
divergent boundary
d)
This data indicates that the fault is not near a plate boundary.
9.
The following increases with depth within Earth.
a)
temperature
b)
pressure
c)
density
d)
all of the above
10.
Of the following, which would be least likely to indicate that an eruption of a volcano will soon occur?
a)
recurring earthquakes in the vicinity
b)
decreases in precipitation in the area
c)
changes in gas emissions from the volcano
d)
uplifting of the surface of the volcano
11.
Which of the following provides evidence for plate tectonics?
a)
seafloor topography
b)
ocean currents
c)
Coriolis effect
d)
atmospheric temperatures
12.
A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary?
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
transform
d)
all of the above
13.
Earthquakes are associated with which type of plate boundary?
a)
convergent boundaries
b)
transform boundaries
c)
divergent boundaries
d)
all of the above
14.
Most of Earth’s volcanic activity occurs ____ plate boundaries. 1. near convergent 2. near divergent 3. near transform
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 3
c)
2 and 3
d)
far away from any
15.
The most serious flaw in Wegener’s theory of continental drift was that he did not have plausible ___.
a)
climate evidence to support his theory
b)
fossil evidence to support his theory
c)
mechanisms for how the continents moved
d)
mechanisms for how mountains form.
16.
Many earthquakes occur in the middle of oceans because that is where ____.
a)
many plate boundaries are found
b)
the biggest ocean waves are found
c)
the ocean floor is the lowest elevation
d)
the rocks are wettest and easiest to break
17.
The boundary between the ____ is likely to be characterized by a deep ocean trench, volcanoes and folded mountains on the continental plate.
a)
North American plate and African plate
b)
South American plate and Nazca plate
c)
Pacific plate and Antarctic plate
d)
Australian plate and Filipino plate
18.
Which plate boundary is a convergent plate boundary?
a)
Pacific plate and Antarctic plate
b)
Pacific plate and Nazca plate
c)
Pacific plate and Australian plate
d)
All of the above
19.
The boundary between the ____ is likely to be characterized by the highest mountain
a)
Pacific plate and Australian plate
b)
Nazca plate and South American plate
c)
Eurasian plate and Indian plate
d)
South American Plate and African Plate
20.
New ocean crust is forming at the boundary between the ____.
a)
Pacific plate and Australian plate
b)
South American plate and Nazca plate
c)
North American plate and Eurasian plate
d)
Pacific plate and North American plate
21.
Most deltas form ____
a)
quickly by large-scale events such as flooding.
b)
when existing rock deposits trap smaller particles, such as sand, silt, and clay.
c)
when water velocity slows when rivers enter a lake or ocean.
d)
as ocean levels recede, exposing pre-existing soil.
22.
The observed difference in density between continental crust and oceanic crust is most likely due to differences in their
a)
chemical composition.
b)
thickness.
c)
porosity.
d)
rate of cooling.
23.
Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based primarily on their
a)
texture.
b)
crystal or grain size.
c)
method of formation.
d)
mineral composition.
24.
Which of the following are natural ways an element or mineral can become concentrated
1. placer deposit
2. hydrothermal deposit
3. magma crystallization
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
1, 2, and 3
25.
In which of the following settings would you be most likely to find oil reservoirs?
a)
at the core of mountain ranges
b)
along mid-ocean ridges
c)
in deltaic sandstone deposits
d)
in very old metamorphic rocks
26.
Oil and other fossil fuels are made from
a)
synthetic chemicals in refineries.
b)
the remains of plants and animals.
c)
minerals commonly found in igneous rocks.
d)
clay, silt, and sand.
27.
Layers of natural gas, oil, and water have formed at different levels in the same rock structure because
a)
the three materials took different paths from the original source rock.
b)
the three materials came from different source rocks.
c)
the three materials have different densities.
d)
there are differences in the geologic age of the three materials.
28.
The natural gas, oil, and water do not move upward through the shale because the shale has ____ than the rock layer that lies beneath it.
a)
lower permeability.
b)
less deformation.
c)
larger pore spaces.
d)
larger particles.
29.
How much of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels?
a)
<25 %
b)
25-50 %
c)
50-75 %
d)
>75 %
30.
Oil formed deep underground migrates up towards Earth’s surface because
a)
It is slippery
b)
It is attracted to salt
c)
It is less dense than water
d)
Gravity pulls it towards Earth’s surface
31.
It typically takes ____________ of years for oil to form.
a)
hundreds
b)
thousands
c)
hundreds of thousands
d)
millions
32.
Which of the following are ways humans use to concentrate an element or mineral
1. smelting
2. acid treatment
3. prospecting
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
1, 2, and 3
33.
The diagram below illustrates
a)
deep mining
b)
strip mining
c)
open pit mining
d)
data mining
34.
The typical order of events for utilizing a mineral resource is
a)
prospecting, mining, refining, manufacturing
b)
refining, prospecting, mining, manufacturing
c)
prospecting, mining, manufacturing, refining
d)
refining, mining, manufacturing, prospecting
35.
Most of the metals we use are ____ in Earth’s crust.
a)
relatively common elements
b)
relatively rare elements
c)
not found
d)
evenly distributed
36.
The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral’s
a)
color, streak, and age.
b)
origin, exposure, and fracture.
c)
size, location, and luster.
d)
hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape.
37.
Scientists use index fossils to determine the
a)
time period during which sedimentary rocks formed.
b)
chemical composition of rocks.
c)
temperature of igneous rocks.
d)
time period during which Earth’s atmosphere formed.
38.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a)
Minerals are made of rocks.
b)
Rocks are made of minerals.
c)
There is really no difference between rocks and minerals.
d)
Rocks are more dense than minerals.
39.
Which of the following are true statements about the elements that make up Earth’s crust?
1. More than 95% of the crust, by weight, is formed from less than ten elements.
2. It takes more than 25 different elements to form up to 95% of the crust, by weight.
3. Oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements, by weight, of the crust.
4. 90% of the crust, by weight, are formed by equal amounts of ten elements.
a)
1 and 3 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1, 2, and 3 only
d)
4 only
40.
Which is the BEST description of how sedimentary rock forms?
a)
When other material gets deposited on top of sediments, the added weight compresses lower layers of sediments into rock.
b)
As climate changes and becomes colder, loose sediments solidify into rock.
c)
When pieces of sediment travel down a river, they roll along gathering more material and grow larger until they become a rock.
d)
As biological matter in a river dies, it coats the sediment and forms sedimentary rocks.
41.
Which of the following most directly determines the speed of a river?
a)
average temperature
b)
particles in suspension
c)
width
d)
steepness of the land surface
42.
As a river flows faster,
a)
it can carry more sediment in its channel.
b)
it can carry larger sedimentary particles.
c)
more erosion of land occurs.
d)
all of the above
43.
When you did the settling jar exercise, what was the order of sediment size from the bottom to the top of the jar?
a)
Gravel, sand, silt, clay
b)
Clay, silt, sand, and gravel
c)
Gravel, silt, sand and clay
d)
Silt, clay, sand and gravel
44.
Which of the following does NOT cause land to subside in New Orleans?
a)
sediments compacting and expelling water
b)
human-constructed levees preventing deposits of more sediments
c)
flooding of Mississippi River depositing more sediment in wetlands
d)
delta sediments weighing down the lithosphere
45.
A delta will prograde as long as there is ____.
a)
a large sediment load and low wave action.
b)
a small sediment load and high wave action.
c)
a large sediment load and high wave action.
d)
None of the above.
46.
Oceanic crust ____.
a)
was all created when the Earth solidified
b)
was all created before the Ice Ages
c)
is being created along convergent plate boundaries
d)
is being created along divergent plate boundaries
47.
The seafloor spreads along underwater mountain ranges known as _______________.
a)
Ocean trenches
b)
Mid-ocean ridges
c)
Oceanic lithosphere
d)
All of the above
48.
When two oceanic plates are moving toward each other, which of the following typically happens?
a)
The older, denser plate dives beneath the younger, less dense plate.
b)
An ocean trench forms.
c)
An island arc forms.
d)
All of the above.
49.
Which statement below is TRUE?
a)
The force of a volcanic eruption depends partly on the content of the magma.
b)
Magma that is high in silica flows easily and produces dark-colored lava.
c)
The vent is where the magma is stored in a volcano.
d)
Mount St. Helens erupted and produced a vast amount of dark, runny basalt.
50.
Which of the following would make the most explosive volcanic eruption?
a)
magma from a shield volcano
b)
magma that is at a higher temperature
c)
magma with a low viscosity
d)
magma containing a lot of silica
51.
Stratovolcanoes are bumpier and steeper than shield volcanoes because they are
a)
made from many lower viscosity (thinner) lava flows
b)
made from many higher viscosity (thicker) lava flows
c)
made from ash and cinders
d)
found over hot spots
52.
Along subduction zones, earthquakes closer to the plate boundary tend to be ____.
a)
shallower
b)
deeper
c)
more powerful
d)
less powerful
53.
Volcano monitoring can ____.
a)
predict the precise time of future eruptions.
b)
pinpoint which glaciers will melt in the next eruption.
c)
provide some advance warning of potential volcanic hazards.
d)
pinpoint the precise time of ancient eruptions.
54.
Look carefully at the diagram below. What role does water have in the processes shown in the diagram?
a)
Water trapped in the subducting slab cools down the slab, causing it to harden, break, and cause earthquakes.
b)
Water released from the subducting slab lowers the melting point of the rock just above it and causes it to melt.
c)
Pressure from the ocean water on top of the subducting slab pushes the slab into the asthenosphere.
d)
Water has no appreciable influence in the processes shown in the diagram.
55.
Scientists know about ancient eruptions of Mount Rainier from studying
a)
data from ice cores
b)
GPS data
c)
volcanic deposits
d)
All of the above
56.
What surface features can you find along convergent plate boundaries?
a)
volcanoes
b)
Folded mountain ranges
c)
ocean trenches
d)
All of the above
57.
Why does magma rise to the surface from deep within Earth?
a)
Magma rises to the surface because it is more dense than the surrounding rock.
b)
Magma rises to the surface because it is less dense than the surrounding rock.
c)
Magma rises to the surface because it is the same density as the surrounding rock.
d)
All of the above.
58.
Compared to the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is
a)
more rigid.
b)
cooler.
c)
softer and more easily deformed.
d)
lower density
59.
To learn about Earth’s deep interior, including the core, scientists
a)
extract cores from holes drilled into Earth.
b)
study seismic waves from earthquakes.
c)
use optical technologies to see into Earth.
d)
send robotic vehicles to the center of Earth.
60.
S waves DO NOT travel through
a)
high temperature solids.
b)
low temperature solids.
c)
ice.
d)
liquids.
61.
Earth’s outer core is mostly ____.
a)
molten metal
b)
solid metal
c)
solid rock similar to Earth’s crust
d)
molten rock similar to Earth’s crust
62.
Convection in the asthenosphere is thought to be responsible for ____.
a)
causing the movement of the overlying tectonic plates
b)
transferring thermal energy inside the Earth
c)
applying a force on the lithosphere
d)
all of the above
63.
Why is the Earth’s crust made of solid rock?
a)
The temperature of Earth’s crust is not hot enough to melt rocks.
b)
Earth’s crust is too large to melt.
c)
Once a rock has solidified it cannot be melted.
d)
Heat from the core cannot pass through the asthenosphere.
64.
Which of these are sources of heat in Earth's interior?
a)
"Left over" heat that was generated long ago during the formation of Earth.
b)
Heat generated by the decay of naturally occurring radioactive elements with the crust and mantle.
c)
The weight of the Earth on the core compresses material into smaller spaces, which increases the temperature.
d)
All of the above.
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