NEW
Font size
WorksheetsProgram final Practice part2
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 36mins
Once processing is complete, urine from several nephrons flows directly into what structure?
Renal cortex
Pyramids
Calyx
Ureter
What is the definition of physiology?
All homeostatic changes in the body
Study of the structures that make up the human organism
The study of the functions of the human organism and all its component parts
The combined processes of living, metabolism, and reproduction
In the second messenger method of hormone action, the first messenger is the:
RNA inside the receptor cells of the target organ
hormone that stimulates the target cells
specialized chemical inside the target cells called cAMP
receptor chemical on the target cells surface
Which of these back muscles elevates, retracts, and upwardly rotates the scapula?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator scapula
Which of these processes is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Monitor and adjust blood pH levels
Serve as body's largest sensory organ
Synthesize vitamin D
Assist in temperature and fluid regulation
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
Monitor and adjust blood pH levels
Serve as body's largest sensory organ
Synthesize vitamin D
Assist in temperature and fluid regulation
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Hyoid
Patella
Calcaneus
Mandible
Which horizontal fascial planes should be prioritized in a treatment plan to help relieve chronic neck pain associated with a forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and collapsed thorax?
Pelvic floor and cranial base
Diaphragm and iliotibial band
Thoracic inlet and diaphragm
Cranial base and diaphragm
Which of the following is a key characteristic of a tender point?
Moderate pressure over the point causes a predictable pattern of pain around it
The localized spasm is due to a neurologic signal
Palpable as a ropy or gritty knot in the muscle
Always found in a taut band of tissue
What term describes the specific and quantifiable changes created by manual therapy in the tissues, organs, or systems of the body?
Benefits
Intentions of the therapist
Physiologic effects
Purpose of manual therapies
What structural feature allows capillaries to carry out their distinctive function?
A) A series of intracapillary valves
B) Pre-capillary sphincters
C) A vessel wall made up of a single layer of epithelial cells
D) The thick muscular layer
Which of these physiologic changes is considered a structural effect of manual therapy?
Increased circulation
Reducing adhesions
Improved sleep patterns
Relief of pain
What is a pre-lymphatic channel?
A non-structural “preferred pathway” for fluid flow around cells in the interstitium
The central pathway inside a lymph node that
A fragile connective tissue bridge between the cardiovascular and lymphatic capillaries
The microscopic capillary where interstitial fluid first enters the system
The “deep six” muscles that laterally rotate the hip are the piriformis, gemellus superior and inferior, the:
A) obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and obturator externus
B) external obliques, internal obliques, and obturator major
C) gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and pectineus
D) internal and external femoris, plus vastus lateralis
Which physiologic feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis is most common?
Neutral
Autoregulation
Positive
Negative
Where does the chemical digestion of protein begin?
Pancreas
Mouth
Small intestine
Stomach
Muscles that abduct the hip include the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and:
Gluteus minimus
Adductor longus
Rectus femoris
Semitendinosus
After applying direct compression to the cramp, how can you apply your knowledge of muscle physiology to relieve a calf cramp?
Immediately straighten the leg fully
Engage the dorsiflexors in an isometric contraction
Engage the dorsiflexors in an eccentric contraction
Engage the plantarflexors in an isometric contraction
What is the common function of the anterior and posterior tibialis?
Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Plantarflexion
Inversion
What are the two basic categories of fiber arrangements in skeletal muscles?
Fusiform and pennate
Circular and fusiform
Parallel and pennate
Bi-pennate and multipennate
What is the function of the leukocytes?
Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Blood clotting
Immune response
Identifying a person's blood group
What is the name of the large central portion of a muscle?
Belly
Fascicle
Magnus
Aponeurosis
What bone forms the floor of the skull?
Sphenoid
Occipital
Intracranial
Ethmoid
What is a functional purpose of the nose and sinuses?
Warm and moisten air before it enters lungs
Provide an easy method of discharging mucus from the system
Trap pathogens and control air volume
Balance the pH of the air
What is the pathophysiology behind trigger point development?
Fibrotic build-up within the sarcomeres
Calcium leak that causes actin and myosin bonding
Nerve compression or tension
False stretch reflex report from the muscle spindle
The structures in the male reproductive system that are also called the gonads are:
testes
vas deferens
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
Which of these benefits and effects of manual therapy is most likely to positively influence functions of the urinary system?
Increased hyperemia
Enhanced focus and concentration
Improved local fluid flow
Decreased stress and anxiety
Which of these muscles serves as a major stabilizer and has no movement function?
Pectoralis minor
Teres minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Which of these muscles is a type of parallel muscle?
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Extensor digitorum longus
Rectus femoris
Which of these skeletal muscles is a type of pennate muscle?
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Gastrocnemius
Orbicularis oris
What is the final step in blood clot formation?
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug
Coagulation
What type of bone tissue makes up the shaft of a long bone?
Cancellous
Fibrous
Spongy
Cortical
The key structural features that allow initial vessels to take in interstitial fluid include their measurement at one epithelial cell thick, their slight overlapping arrangement like fish scales, and:
fibrous extensions that have a spongy tip to allow fluid absorption
an anchor filament extending into the interstitium that opens the flap to allow fluid to enter
a thin and porous basement membrane that allows fluid to enter between the cells
microscopic pores between the cells that suck interstitial fluid into the vessel
Which neuroglial cell produces myelin in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Schwann cells
The kidneys help regulate both blood pressure and volume by initiating the RAA pathway with the release of what enzyme?
Renostatic angiotensin
Renin
Renal enzyme 2
Resistoral
What is the other anatomic term for the serosa layer of the GI tract?
Greater omentum
Visceral peritoneum
Lesser omentum
Parietal peritoneum
Where is the adductor muscle group located?
Lateral thigh
Medial brachium
Chest
Medial thigh
The functions of the muscular system are to maintain posture, create movement:
Stabilize joints and generate heat
Store energy and regulate body temperature
Synthesize ATP and generate proteins
Regulate temperature and water balance
Arterial flow and pulse have a major influence on lymph flow through which portion of the lymph system?
Initial vessels and collecting capillaries
Collecting capillaries and anastomosis
Lymphangia and catchments
Collecting trunks
What is the function of articular cartilage?
Production of red blood cells
Synthesize synovial fluid
Feed the end of the bone
Cushion bone ends and stabilize the joint
Which type of range of motion assessment is best at identifying a muscle strain?
Active ROM
Isometric resistive
Isotonic resistive
Passive ROM
Where is the wrist located in relationship to the elbow?
Proximal
Superior
Distal
Inferior
Which of the following structures secretes progesterone?
Ovum
Corpus luteum
Fimbriae
Follicle
When atoms bind together, they form microscopic particles called what?
Elements
Cells
Molecules
Compounds
What fascial layer surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber?
Fibromysium
Epimysium
Endomysium
Perimysium
What portion of a muscle cell is the actual contractile unit?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcomere
Myofibrils
Myofibers
What movement role is a muscle playing when it assists larger muscles during a particular motion?
Antagonist
Synergist
Stabilizer
Agonist
The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium of skeletal muscle collectively form which of the four fascial tubes in the body?
Axial
Visceral
Pannicular
Menigeal
Which of the adductor muscles is also a knee flexor?
Pectinius
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Which of these terms is a synonym for agonist?
Synergist
Prime function
Antagonist
Prime mover
Which of these structures is implicated when pain or limitation is present with both active and passive range of motion in one direction?
Tendon
Fascia
Ligament
Muscle
Which of these statements is the best explanation of reciprocal inhibition?
When the antagonist is contracting, the agonist is inhibited.
The agonist and synergists are reciprocally inhibited during contraction.
In order for movement to occur, the stabilizers must reciprocate contraction of the antagonist.
When the agonist is signaled to contract, the antagonist is inhibited.
What happens to antigens when antibodies attach to them?
They are rendered ineffective.
Their nucleus is ruptured.
They are expelled via ciliary action.
The microbes get clumped together for NK cell destruction.
Muscle names are generally descriptive of their size, shape, function, location, attachment points, fiber direction, and:
Strength
Number of origins
Number of fibers
Movement role
The term used to describe the balance of tension and compression forces in the musculoskeletal system is:
Viscoelastic
Tensegrity
Thixotropic
Piezoelectric
What is the name of the thin superficial layer of the dermis?
Spiney
Papillary
Granulosum
Reticular
Which cardinal plane divides the body into right and left sides?
Horizontal
Sagittal
Coronal
Lateral
How does the muscular system help maintain body temperature?
Skeletal muscles have their own set of sweat glands to dissipate heat.
Heat is generated as a byproduct of muscle contraction.
When cold, the brain inhibits muscle contraction to shift energy toward heat production.
Increased muscle tension when cold signals the brain to increase metabolism.
What is the anatomic name of the lateral projection off the spine of the scapula?
Scapular process
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Lateral angle
Which of these muscles is part of the hamstring group?
Biceps femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
The cells, tissues, and organs of which two body systems carry out most of the immune responses in the body?
Lymphatic and nervous
Digestive and respiratory
Nervous and
What membrane covers the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Nervous system functions can be summarized as sensory, __________ , and integration.
regulation and integration
motor and cognitive
motor and endocrine
integration and motor
Which formed element in blood plays a key role in blood clotting?
Fibrocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
What is the common function for all of the quadriceps?
Knee extension
Hip extension
Knee flexion
Hip flexion
Which layer of skin contains the blood vessels and sensory receptors?
Subcutaneous
Epidermis
Hypodermis
Dermis
What anatomic term is used to describe the position of two structures on the same side of the sagittal plane?
Ipsilateral
Unisagittal
Homosagittal
Contralateral
Fascia is classified as what type of connective tissue?
Disorganized cartilaginous
Areolar
Organized fibrous
Disorganized fibrous
What is the most abundant type of plasma protein?
Complements
Globulins
Fibrin
Albumins
The endocrine system exerts the most control over which of these physiologic processes?
Short-term changes in heart rate
Sweat production to dissipate heat
Secretion of digestive enzymes
Adjustments in fluid and pH levels
Similar to plasma, lymph fluid is mostly made up of what two substances?
Cellular debris and water
Proteins and antibiotics
Water and electrolytes
Fats and hormones
What movement role is an extensor muscle playing during a flexion motion?
Fixator
Synergist
Agonist
Antagonist
