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Forensic Science Pre-Test

Total questions: 154

Worksheet time: 3hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does the Locard Exchange Principle imply?

a)

fingerprints can help identify people

b)

wherever there is contact, something is left behind (evidence)

c)

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

d)

there is always some type of DNA left at a crime scene

2.

Who is known as the Father of Forensics?

a)

Edmond Locard

b)

Mathieu Orfila

c)

Alphonse Bertillon

d)

Calvin Goddard

3.

Where was forensic science first noted?

a)

United States

b)

France

c)

China

d)

Australia

4.

Which forensic specialist analyzes skeletal remains?

a)

forensic anthropologist

b)

forensic psychiatrist

c)

forensic entomologist

d)

forensic pathologist

5.

Which forensic specialist determines ones competency to stand trial?

a)

forensic anthropologist

b)

forensic psychiatrist

c)

forensic entomologist

d)

forensic pathologist

6.

Which forensic specialist studies insects to determine time of death?

a)

forensic anthropologist

b)

forensic psychiatrist

c)

forensic entomologist

d)

forensic pathologist

7.

Which type of forensic specialist uses medical science for legal purposes, such as determining cause of death?

a)

forensic entomologist

b)

forensic pathologist

c)

forensic odontologist

d)

forensic engineer

8.

Which forensic specialist analyzes dental evidence for crime purposes?

a)

forensic entomologist

b)

forensic pathologist

c)

forensic odontologist

d)

forensic engineer

9.

Which forensic specialist investigates materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not function properly?

a)

forensic entomologist

b)

forensic pathologist

c)

forensic odontologist

d)

forensic engineer

10.

What does the 4th amendment of the US Constitution state?

a)

freedom of speech

b)

right to bear arms

c)

right to a fair trial by your peers

d)

protects against unreasonable search and seizures

11.

The right to remain silent and the right to an attorney is covered in:

a)

first amendment

b)

fifth amendment

c)

fourth amendment

d)

the Miranda rights

12.

Which amendment guarantees your right against self-incrimination

a)

First

b)

Third

c)

Fifth

d)

Fourth

13.

The application of a broad range of sciences to answer legal questions

a)

Health Science

b)

Biology

c)

Physical Science

d)

Forensic Science

14.
True or False:
Forensic Odontologists specialize in bite mark anaylsis.
a)
True
b)
False
15.

Popularized the Sherlock Holmes character

a)

Edmond Locard

b)

Julius Caesar

c)

Arthur Conan Doyle

d)

Alec Jeffreys

16.
Published Finger Prints about the uniqueness and classification of prints
a)
Mathieu Orfila
b)
Leone Lattes
c)
Francis Galton
d)
Arthur Conan Doyle
17.
Forensic Science is the application of __ to ___
a)
Law; Science
b)
Science; Law
18.

The Bertillon system was based on what?

a)

The crime a person committed

b)

Precise body measurements

c)

Finger prints

d)

Blood types

19.

"Father of Ballistics" and the comparison microscope

a)

Francis Galton

b)

Matthew Orfila

c)

Calvin Goddard

d)

Edward Locard

20.
Published Questioned Documents about document examination
a)
Alphonse Bertillon
b)

Edmond Locard

c)
Albert S. Osborn
d)

Leone Lattes

21.

Who was the first to detect poison in a corpse?

a)

Mathieu Orfila

b)

Albert Osborn

c)

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

d)

Bill Bass

22.

What is Calvin Goddard known for?

a)

first DNA profile

b)

firearms specialist

c)

identifying blood types

d)

writing about the validity of science when solving crimes

e)

successful testing procedures for poison

23.

He is the father of Anthropometry

a)

Mathieu Orfila

b)

Calvin Goddard

c)

Alphonse Bertillon

d)

Walter McCrone

24.

What is the primary role of a forensic entomologist?

a)

Analyze dental evidence

b)

Study insects to estimate time of death

c)

Examine blood spatter patterns

d)

Identify handwriting samples

25.

Which forensic technique is used to match bullets to a specific firearm?

a)

DNA profiling

b)

Ballistics analysis

c)

Fingerprinting

d)

Blood typing

26.

Which forensic specialist is responsible for analyzing bloodstain patterns?

a)

forensic anthropologist

b)

forensic serologist

c)

forensic entomologist

d)

forensic pathologist

27.

True or False:
Forensic engineers often work on cases involving structural failures.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Which forensic technique is used to analyze handwriting?

a)

Ballistics analysis

b)

Document examination

c)

Fingerprinting

d)

Blood typing

29.

What is the purpose of Forensic Science?

a)

The use of science to support the criminal justice system.

b)

To determine who committed crimes and ensure they are punished.

c)

To find and collect evidence that will guarantee conviction.

d)

To prove guilt or innocence.

30.

For the purposes of a trial, what is the function of a forensic scientist? (choose all that apply)

a)

Collect evidence

b)

Testify as an expert witness

c)

Analyze physical evidence

d)

Prove who is guilty of a crime

31.

What branch of Forensics would be responsible for investigating faulty blueprints?

a)

Criminalistics

b)

Engineering

c)

General

d)

Jurisprudence

32.

What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?

a)

Misdemeanor is a serious offense involving violence where a felony is for petty crimes.

b)

Misdemeanor is a minor offense where a felony is for petty crimes.

c)

Misdemeanor is a minor offense where a felony is for violent crimes that are more serious.

d)

Misdemeanor is a minor offense where a infraction is for petty crimes.

33.

System of identificiation of suspects involving 11 body measurements, description & photos

a)

Alphonse Bertillion

b)

Edmond Locard

c)

Calvin Goddard

d)

Anthropometry

34.

Criminalistics

a)

Describes forensic analysis of physical evidence

b)

Every contact leaves a trace

35.

What do the Miranda warnings guarantee besides the right to remain silent?

a)

the right to a fair trial

b)

the right to a trial by a jury of your peers

c)

the right to a lawyer even if you can't afford one

d)

the right to fair treatment in jail

36.

What does "You have the right to remain silent" mean?

a)

You have the right to free speech.

b)

You don't have to testify against yourself in court.

c)

You don't have to say anything to the police if you don't want to.

d)

You don't have to allow the police to arrest you.

37.

Which of these is a violation of someone's Fifth Amendment rights?

a)

subjecting them to cruel & unusual punishment

b)

forcing them to testify against themselves

c)

denying them their freedom of speech

d)

denying them a fair trial in front of a jury

38.

What type of reasoning is used in the following statement: 'If it is snowing, then the temperature is below freezing. It is snowing, so the temperature is below freezing'?

a)

Deductive reasoning

b)

Inductive reasoning

c)

Abductive reasoning

d)

Analogical reasoning

39.

What type of reasoning is used in the following statement: 'Every time I eat junk food, I feel sick, so junk food is bad for my health'?

a)

Inductive reasoning

b)

Analogical reasoning

c)

Deductive reasoning

d)

Abductive reasoning

40.

What type of reasoning is used in the following statement: 'If it is a weekday, then I have to go to work. Today is a weekday, so I have to go to work'?

a)

Analogical reasoning

b)

Deductive reasoning

c)

Abductive reasoning

d)

Inductive reasoning

41.
Using deductive reasoning, which of the following completes the statement to form a valid conclusion?
If it is snowing heavily, then school will be canceled.
If school is canceled, the big test will not be given today.
It is snowing heavily, then...
a)
Look out for the snowplows while driving to school.
b)
The big test will not be given today.
c)
The roads will be hard to drive on.
d)
You should call the school to see if school is canceled.
42.
Deductive reasoning means...
a)
Guessing
b)
Ura nok seblu!
c)
Testing and observing patterns to make conjectures
d)
Making general observations of situations and applying them to specific situations.
43.
Since all humans are mortal, and I am human, then I am mortal. 
a)
Deductive
b)
Inductive
44.
All bears are mammals, all mammals have kidneys; therefore all bears have kidneys. 
a)
Deductive
b)
Inductive
45.
All chickens that we have seen have been brown; so, all chickens are brown. 
a)
Deductive
b)
Inductive
46.
All observed houses on South Street have roofs that are falling apart.  Sherry lives on South Street.  Her roof is falling apart. 
a)
Deductive
b)
Inductive
47.
IF Jimmy named his first child Thing1
AND his second child Thing2
THEN He will name his 3rd child Thing3
a)
Inductive
b)
Deductive
48.

putting someone on trial twice for the exact same crime

a)

double jeopardy

b)

due process

c)

controversial

d)

compensation

49.

Probable Cause requires which all the listed items EXCEPT

a)

Means

b)

Motive

c)

Desire

d)

Opportunity

50.

What is the last step in the criminal justice system if you are found guilty?

a)

Execution

b)

Appeal

c)

Sentencing

d)

Bail

51.

What type of fingerprint is this? (Right hand)

a)

Radial Loop

b)

Whorl

c)

Arch

d)

Ulnar Loop

52.

The ridges on your fingertips stay the same throughout your life.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

The least common type of fingerprints are

a)

whorls

b)

arches

c)

loops

54.

This is an example of what type of fingerprint

a)

central pocket whorl

b)

arch

c)

plain whorl

d)

double loop whorl

55.

This is an example of what type of fingerprint

a)

tented arch

b)

accidental whorl

c)

radial loop

d)

plain arch

56.

2 separate spirals/loops merged together

a)

plain whorl

b)

central pocket whorl

c)

double loop whorl

d)

accidental whorl

57.
What pattern is this?
a)
Tented Arch
b)
Plain Arch
c)
Loop
d)
Whorl
58.
What type of whorl is shown?
a)
Plain
b)
Central Pocket
c)
Double Loop
d)
Accidental
59.

What is this minutiae pattern called?

a)

eye

b)

double bifurcation

c)

fork in the road

d)

ridge ending

60.

The ridges on your fingertips stay the same throughout your life.

a)

True

b)

False

61.
Which scale pattern is indicated?
a)
Coronal
b)
Spinous
c)
Imbricate
d)
None of these
62.
Which scale pattern is indicated?
a)
Coronal
b)
Spinous
c)
Imbricate
d)
None of these
63.
Using the pencil analogy, which structure corresponds to the lead?
a)
Follicle
b)
Cortex
c)
Cuticle
d)
Medulla
64.
What kind of medulla is this?
a)
Fragmented
b)
Continuous
c)
Interrupted/Intermittent
d)
There is no medulla - Absent
65.
We know hair is from a human if…
a)
The medullary index is 0.5 or greater           
b)
The medullary index is 0.33 or less
c)
The cuticle is coronal
d)
The medulla is fragmented
66.

Is this hair animal or Human?

a)

Animal

b)

Human

67.

A body has been found strangled in the woods. It shows lividity on the lower abdomen, top of the buttocks, and back of the legs. Based on this evidence, the examiner estimates the body to have been dead for:

a)

2-4 hours

b)

6-8 hours

c)

4-12 hours

d)

2-16 hours

68.
Rigor mortis means
a)
Death stiffness
b)
Death color
c)
Death bloat
d)
Death heat
69.
Livor, rigor, and algor mortis occur during this stage of decomposition. Autolysis begins. Blisters may appear at the surface of the skin.
a)
Active Decay
b)
Advanced Decay
c)
Bloat
d)
Fresh
70.

PMI is

a)

postmortem insect

b)

Postmeridian interval

c)

Premortem interval

d)

Postmortem Interval

71.

one of five means by which someone dies

a)

death

b)

manner of death

c)

cause of death

d)

mechanism of death

72.
Match description with the correct stage of decomposition:skin turns a greenish color as blood decomposes
a)
fresh
b)
bloat
c)
active decay
d)
advanced decay
73.
Factors affecting rigor include: 
a)
temperature
b)
body weight
c)
activity before death
d)
all of these choices
74.

A body is found that shows no signs of rigor mortis. The body has been dead for ....

a)

less than 2 hours or more than 24 hours

b)

less than 2 hours or more than 36 hours

c)

less than 24 hours or more than 48 hours

d)

more than 36 hours

75.

the liquid in the eyeball?

a)

vitreous humor

b)

depressant

c)

lavaged

76.

1st level that cause harm: nausea, vomiting, or change in heart rate

a)

Normal

b)

Lethal

c)

LD50

d)

Toxic

77.

Which of the following would be a test to confirm the exact chemicals, and quantities in a sample?

a)

Marquis Test

b)

Dillie-Koppanyi Test

c)

Scott Test

d)

Gas Chromatography mass spectroscopy

78.

Drugs will stay in which of the following samples for the longest period of time?

a)

Hair

b)

Urine

c)

Blood

d)

Clothes

79.
What organ is responsible for the breakdown (metabolism) of alcohol?
a)
liver
b)
kidney
c)
stomach
d)
thyroid
80.
Which of the following is a correct list of how exposure to toxins can occur?
a)
inhaling, injecting, excreting, absorbing
b)
inhaling, injecting, absorbing, ingesting
c)
injecting, inhaling, excreting, ingesting
d)
absorbing, inhaling, excreting, ingesting
81.

1. What drug classification has drugs that could be associated with heroin use?

a)

Stimulants

b)

Depressants

c)

Inhalants

d)

Opioids

82.

This classification of drug distorts your perception and will cause a person to see & hear things that may not be there.

a)

Opiates

b)

Stimulates

c)

Hallucinogens

d)

Psychoactive

83.

Drugs that temporarily increase's a person's energy and alertness are classified as:

a)

Inhalants

b)

Depressants

c)

Psychoactive

d)

Stimulants

84.

Which of the following best describes the term "Toxicology" in forensics?

a)

a) The study of insects to determine time of death

b)

b) The analysis of blood spatter patterns

c)

c) The study of chemical substances and their effects on the body

d)

d) The analysis of fingerprints

85.
A boy moves to another country to live with his father.  Years later, the boy decides to move back to live with the woman who raised him.  Immigration officials suspected that the boy was the woman’s nephew, not her son, and therefore not legally entitled to residency.  Based on the DNA fragments, is it possible that she is the boy’s mother?
a)
Yes
b)
No
86.
Which man is the father of the child?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
87.
Which male is the likely father?
a)
Male 1
b)
Male 2
88.

DNA fingerprinting works because....

a)

Most genes are dominant

b)

All organisms contain RNA

c)

The most important genes are different among most people

d)

No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA

89.

A method of separating molecules, such as DNA, according to their size and electrical charge.

a)

Electrophoresis

b)

DNA Fingerprint

c)

DNA Probe

90.
In gel electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragment will appear
a)
closest to the starting wells
b)
farthest from the starting wells
c)
three quarters away from the starting wells
d)
it depends on how many fragments there are
91.
Which is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gel elctrophoresis?
a)
It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing
b)
It restricts the number of base pairs that can be tested in a sample
c)
It makes the testing simpler by moving the strands into the gel faster
d)
It charges the DNA strands
92.
Restriction Enzymes . . . 
a)
cut DNA at precise locations
b)
help bacteria to pick up DNA
c)
move DNA through a gel
d)
copy DNA
93.

Ava and Jackson arrive at a crime scene. What is the first step they should take in the Seven S's of Crime Scene Investigation?

a)

Separate the witnesses

b)

Secure the scene

c)

Scan the scene

d)

Search for evidence

94.

During a school field trip, which step involves a thorough examination to find all possible evidence?

a)

Secure the scene

b)

Search for evidence

c)

Separate the witnesses

d)

Sketch the scene

95.

Which search method would be the best to use in a small area?

a)

Spiral

b)

Quadrant or Zone

c)

Strip or Parallel

d)

Grid

96.

The strip or parallel search method is used _____________.

a)

for smaller outdoor areas or indoor crime scenes.

b)

for large indoor areas

c)

indoor crime scenes only

d)

large outdoor crime scenes

97.

In the grid method, one officer searches going right to left, while the other officer searches up and down.

a)

True

b)

False

98.
What is this weave pattern?
a)
Satin
b)
Basket
c)
Leno
d)
Plain
99.

All of the following are characteristics of a synthetic fiber except

a)

they are formed by combining monomer compounds into polymer molecules

b)

they are man-made

c)

they are used in the production of carpet fibers

d)

they do not contain any natural fibers

100.
textiles
a)
things like clothing, carpets, and upholstery
b)
the passing of evidence, such as fiber, from victim to suspect or vice versa
c)
fibers that have been spun together
d)
The transfer of evidence such as a fiber from a source (such as a carpet) to a person (suspect), and then to another person (victim)
101.
yarn
a)
fibers that have been spun together
b)
the passing of evidence, such as fiber, from victim to suspect or vice versa
c)
a collection of mineral crystals formed into recognizable pattern
d)
originated with petroleum products and are non cellulose-based fibers
102.

This weave pictured is

a)

Satin

b)

Plain

c)

Twill

103.

A blue polyester fiber found at the crime scene matches the outfit the suspect was wearing at the time they allegedly committed the crime. What type of evidence is this?

a)

Individual Evidence

b)

Direct Evidence

c)

Testimonial Evidence

d)

Circumstantial Evidence

104.

When fibers are transferred directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim, this is called:

a)

necessary transfer.

b)

absolute transfer.

c)

direct transfer.

d)

None of these choices.

105.

Name the blood stain.

a)

Cast off

b)

Arterial Gushing/Spurting

c)

Expiratory Blood

d)

High Impact

106.

Using the diagram to determine the blood type

a)

Type A+

b)

Type B-

c)

Type AB-

d)

Type Z - for Zebra this blood is from a zoo

107.
What blood spatter pattern is seen in the picture?
a)
Transfer/Contact
b)
Swipe
c)
Wipe
d)
Saturation
108.
What pattern of blood spatter is this?
a)
arterial gushes
b)
splash
c)
smear
d)
pool
109.

The arrow is pointing to a

a)

satellite

b)

spine

c)

parent drop

110.

Passive or active?

a)

Passive

b)

Active

111.
What blood spatter pattern is seen in the photo?
a)
Wipe
b)
Swipe
c)
Walking Drip
d)
Flow
112.
What blood spatter pattern is seen in the picture?
a)
Cast Off
b)
Medium Velocity
c)
Void
d)
High Velocity
113.

What kind of cells do you have the most of in your blood?

a)

White Blood Cells

b)

Red Blood Cells

c)

Yellow Blood Cells

d)

Platelets

114.

____________ is a yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients, and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins.

a)

Plasma

b)

White Blood Cells

c)

Red Blood Cells

d)

Platelets

115.

What blood type would have these agglutination results?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

AB

d)

O

116.

the liquid in the eyeball?

a)

vitreous humor

b)

depressant

c)

lavaged

117.

Which of the following is referred to as the arrangement of spiral grooves on the inside of a barrel

a)

Shotgun interior

b)

Grooving

c)

Rifling

d)

Interior ballistics

118.

Which of the following types of firearms holds bullets in a revolving cylinder?

a)

Shotgun

b)

Pistol

c)

Rifle

d)

Revolver

119.

Which of the following strikes the primer to create an ignition?

a)

Trigger

b)

Firing pin

c)

Cartridge

d)

Breech face

120.

Which of the following best defines class characteristics?

a)

Pattern of grooves in the barrel

b)

Ejector markings

c)

Firing pin impressions

d)

Striation markings

121.

Which of the following is NOT used to analyze cartridge casings?

a)

Firing pin impressions

b)

Bolt markings

c)

Extractions and ejection markings

d)

Rifling impressions

122.

____ ballistics is the study of the processes occurring inside a firearm when a shot is fired

a)

internal

b)

external

c)

terminal

123.

A case that holds a bullet, primer powder, and gunpowder

a)

Bullet

b)

Caliber

c)

Cartridge

d)

Pistol

124.

Using the image, label the parts

a)

1: bullet. 2: case/shell. 3: gunpowder. 4: rim. 5: primer

b)

1: bullet. 2: gunpowder. 3: primer. 4: rim. 5: case/shell

c)

1: bullet. 2: rim. 3: gunpowder. 4: case/shell. 5: primer

125.

Is this live or spent?

a)

Live

b)

Spent

126.

Letter H is what?

a)

Muzzle

b)

Hammer

c)

Chamber

d)

Sights

e)

Trigger

127.

Are these a match?

a)

Yes

b)

No

c)

undetermined

128.

Are the top 2 images a match?

a)

Yes

b)

No

129.

Handwriting is an example of...

a)

class evidence

b)

individual evidence

c)

direct evidence

130.

Questioned documents include:

a)

petitions and lottery tickets.

b)

rare books.

c)

letters and checks.

d)

all of the above.

131.
When police obtain a writing sample from the suspect, the sample is called a(n):
a)
Sample
b)
Exemplar
c)
Screening
d)
Graphology
132.

How a person dots their I's and crosses their Ts is called

a)

letter formation

b)

slant

c)

line habit

d)

diacritic placement

133.

How many characteristics of handwriting do experts use when analyzing samples?

a)

10

b)

11

c)

12

d)

13

134.

The examination of questioned documents with known material for a variety of analyses, such as authenticity, alterations, erasures, & obliterations

a)

document analysis

b)

document expert

c)

questioned document

d)

forgery

135.
In a forensic investigation, a printer was found to have slight variations in print quality, leading to the recognition of individual characteristics. Which of the following best explains an individual characteristic in this context?
a)
The printer's brand and model.
b)
The ink or toner type used.
c)
The maintenance history of the printer.
d)
The presence of a serial number.
e)
I don't know yet.
136.
Which of the following statements best describes a class characteristic of printers and photocopiers?
a)
The serial number on the device.
b)
The brand and model of the device.
c)
The maintenance history of the device.
d)
The individual operator's preferences.
e)
I don't know yet.
137.

What is the body development in four stages called?

a)

Insect Succession

b)

Complete Metamorphosis

c)

Accumulated Degree Hours

d)

Oviposition

138.

What are wormlike beetle larva called?

a)

Grub

b)

Larva

c)

Pupa

d)

Maggot

139.

What is a maggot?

a)

Wormlike fly larva.

b)

Wormlike beetle larva.

c)

Wormlike stage of insect development after egg.

d)

A wormlike person who has no respect for themselves or others.

140.

stage 3 of decomposition

a)

active decay

b)

dry or skeletal

c)

advanced decay

d)

fresh stage

e)

bloating

141.

What can entomologists know by studying the insects at a crime scene?

a)

who the victim is

b)

PMI

c)

who probably commited the crime

d)

the crime autopsy

142.

The major variable in the fly’s life cycle is ____________________.

a)

moisture

b)

pressure

c)

temperature

d)

barometer

143.

What is ADH?

a)

The number of hours a dead body has been outside.

b)

The number of hours it takes for an insect species to become an adult.

c)

The number of hours a body has been dead.

d)

The number of hours it takes for an insect species to develop to a given stage.

144.

How are entomology and forensic entomology different?

a)

Entomology studies insects while forensic entomology studies insects in application to civil and criminal legal cases.

b)

Entomology studies insects in application to civil and criminal legal cases while forensic entomology studies insects.

c)

Trick! They are both the same.

d)

This is not the answer.

145.

PMI stands for

a)

postmortem interval

b)

postman intervention

c)

post-medical interval

146.

The correct order of an insect's stages of growth are:

a)

egg, pupa, larva, adult

b)

pupa, egg, larva, adult

c)

adult, egg, pupa, larva

d)

egg, larva, pupa, adult

147.

A common trait of both psychopaths and sociopaths is that they

a)

Lack empathy toward others

b)

Lack emotion

c)

Often have a low IQ

d)

Have been physically abused before

148.

The FBI classifies a spree killer as someone with -

a)

3 victims back to back

b)

4 or more victims in one location

c)

3 victims with a cooling off period

d)

more than 1 victim at more than 1 location

149.

The FBI classifies a serial killer as someone with -

a)

3 victims back to back

b)

4 or more victims in one location

c)

3 victims with a cooling off period

d)

more than 1 victim at more than 1 location

150.

Which of the following is something unusual or specific the criminal does or leaves behind at the crime scene?

a)

modus operandi

b)

Signature

c)

Profile pattern

d)

Decision process model

151.

The operating technique of the offender

a)

corpus delicti

b)

signature

c)

modus operandi

d)

staging

152.

Altering a crime scene to throw off the investigation

a)

modus operandi

b)

corpus delicti

c)

signature

d)

staging

153.

A person who has normal emotional attachments begins seeing and hearing things that others do not as a result of traumatic stress. How would this be classified?

a)

psychopathy

b)

sociopathy

c)

psychosis

d)

criminal profiling

154.

Which of the following crimes would NOT be suitable for profiling?

a)

arson committed for profit

b)

bank robbery

c)

sadistic assaults

d)

sexual homicide