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Geosphere Study Deck

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 5hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the core of the Earth primarily composed of?

a)

Silicate minerals

b)

Water and air

c)

Nickel and iron metals

d)

Organic matter

2.

What is the lithosphere composed of?

a)

The crust and the topmost portion of the mantle

b)

The outer core and inner core

c)

The mesosphere and asthenosphere

d)

The entire mantle

3.

What are the three compositional layers of the Earth based on chemical composition?

a)

Crust, Mantle, Core

b)

Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere

c)

Inner Core, Outer Core, Crust

d)

Mantle, Lithosphere, Core

4.

What is the outermost solid layer of Earth called?

a)

Mantle

b)

Core

c)

Crust

d)

Lithosphere

5.

What are the main elements that make up both types of Earth's crust?

a)

Oxygen, silicon, and aluminum

b)

Iron, calcium, and magnesium

c)

Hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon

d)

Sodium, potassium, and chlorine

6.

Where is the mantle located in relation to Earth's layers?

a)

Above the crust

b)

Between the crust and the core

c)

Below the core

d)

Inside the crust

7.

What is the composition of the mantle compared to the crust?

a)

More aluminium and silicon

b)

More magnesium and less aluminium and silicon

c)

Less magnesium and more aluminium

d)

Equal amounts of magnesium and aluminium

8.

What is the state of the rock in the mantle?

a)

Liquid and fast-flowing

b)

Solid and fast-flowing

c)

Solid and slow-flowing

d)

Liquid and slow-flowing

9.

What is convection in the context of Earth's mantle?

a)

The movement of heated material due to differences in density.

b)

The process of rock formation in the mantle.

c)

The cooling of Earth's core.

d)

The sinking of oceanic plates.

10.

Where does the core extend from and to?

a)

From below the mantle to the center of Earth

b)

From the crust to the outer atmosphere

c)

From the surface to the mantle

d)

From the outer core to the crust

11.

What are the five physical layers of the Earth?

a)

Crust, Mantle, Core, Ocean, Atmosphere

b)

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core

c)

Crust, Lithosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

d)

Lithosphere, Crust, Mantle, Core, Ocean

12.

What is the outermost, rigid layer of Earth called?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Inner Core

13.

The lithosphere is made up of which two parts?

a)

Outer core and inner core

b)

Crust and lower mantle

c)

Crust and upper mantle

d)

Upper mantle and lower mantle

14.

What is the asthenosphere?

a)

A layer of the mantle made of solid rock that moves very slowly

b)

The outermost layer of the Earth

c)

The innermost core of the Earth

d)

A layer of water above the lithosphere

15.

Where is the asthenosphere located?

a)

Above the lithosphere

b)

Below the lithosphere

c)

Inside the inner core

d)

Above the outer core

16.

What moves on top of the asthenosphere?

a)

Ocean currents

b)

Tectonic plates

c)

Atmospheric winds

d)

River sediments

17.

What is the state of matter of Earth's outer core?

a)

Solid

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

d)

Plasma

18.

Where is the outer core located in relation to the mantle and inner core?

a)

Above the mantle and inner core

b)

Beneath the inner core and above the mantle

c)

Beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core

d)

Above the mantle and surrounds the inner core

19.

What is the inner core of the Earth?

a)

A liquid layer surrounding the outer core

b)

The solid, dense center of our planet

c)

The outermost layer of the Earth

d)

A gaseous layer above the crust

20.

What are the three main types of faults?

a)

Normal fault, Reverse fault, Strike-slip fault

b)

Normal fault, Lateral fault, Oblique fault

c)

Reverse fault, Lateral fault, Transform fault

d)

Strike-slip fault, Oblique fault, Transform fault

21.

What is the state of matter of Earth's outer core?

a)

Solid

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

d)

Plasma

22.

What does the thickest part of the Earth's crust contain?

a)

Water and air

b)

Landforms, rocks, and minerals

c)

Lava and magma

d)

Ice and snow

23.

True or False: The continental plates move so quickly that we can feel them.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

the Earth's magnetic field.

c)

subduction.

d)

convection currents.

25.

When plates collide we get ________.

a)

crumbles

b)

volcanos

c)

trenches

d)

mountain ranges

26.
Associated with transform boundaries.
a)
Volcanoes
b)
mountains
c)
trenches
d)
earthquakes
27.
A location where two tectonic plates collide is known as a _________ boundary.
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Transform
d)
Spreading
28.

Which layer of Earth flows slowly and causes the crust to move?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer core

29.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

30.
What is an earthquake?
a)
When the earth causes an upward thrust in the epicenter.
b)
When the earth moves up and down along the ocean floor.
c)

When tectonic plates slide against each other causing the earth to move. 

d)
None of the above
31.

Subduction means.....

a)

one plate goes under another plate

b)

two plates slide past each other

c)

two plate collide and form folded mountains

32.

Sea-floor spreading explains how.....

a)

new crust is created at a divergent boundary

b)

volcanoes are formed on continents

c)

deep sea trenches are formed

33.
The hot, plastic-like layer of Earth, made of magma. 
a)
Inner Core
b)
Mantle
c)
Crust
d)
Outer Core
34.

What type of plate boundary is this?

a)

Plate

b)

Divergent

c)

Convergent

d)

Transform

35.
The area around the Pacific Ocean where lots of earthquakes and volcanoes happen is called the ____________.
a)
Ring of Earth
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Ring of Stone
d)
Ring of Diamond
36.
Which layer includes the crust and the upper mantle?
a)
Asthenosphere
b)
Lithosphere
c)
Mesosphere
37.
A plate boundary at which two plate move parallel to each other in opposite directions
a)
convergent plate boundary
b)
divergent plate boundary
c)
transform plate boundary
d)
subduction
38.
What type of boundary is in this image?
a)
convergent plate boundary
b)
divergent plate boundary
c)
transform plate boundary
d)
subduction
39.

Which is the process that breaks up rock on Earth’s surface?

a)

deposition

b)

melting

c)

compaction

d)

weathering

40.

Geologists have classified rocks into three major groups of rocks which are:

a)

inorganic, organic and chemical rocks

b)

igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

c)

metamorphic, chemical and non chemical rocks

d)

sedimentary, inorganic and igneous rocks

41.

A rock that forms from many small fragments of other rocks is a(n)

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

extrusive rock

42.

The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock begins with

a)

melting

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

crystallization

43.

Which rock cycle process causes many sedimentary rocks to have visible layers?

a)

eruption

b)

intrusion

c)

crystallization

d)

deposition

44.
The three groups of rocks are classified by
a)
How they form
b)
Color
c)
Grain size
d)
Chemical Composition
45.
Fossils are only found in
a)
Sedimentary rocks
b)
Foliated Metamorphic rocks
c)
Igneous Rocks
d)
Nonfoliated Metamorphic rocks
46.

What is underground molten rock?

a)

Lava

b)

Magma

c)

Soil

d)

Intrusive

47.

Granite is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

48.

Coal is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

49.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
50.

This is a natural solid that is made of one or more minerals.

a)

Mineral

b)

Fossil

c)

Rock

d)

Sediment

51.

This is the continuous process of rock changing from one type to another.

a)

Igneous rocks

b)

Sedimentary rocks

c)

Metamorphic rocks

d)

Rock Cycle

52.

Which of the following lists the steps an igneous rock undergoes in order to become a sedimentary rock, in the correct order?

a)

Deposition, erosion, melting, cooling

b)

Erosion, weathering, eruption, cooling

c)

Dissolving, deposition, cooling, fracture

d)

Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation

53.

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter B?

a)

compaction & cementation

b)

weather & erosion

c)

heat & pressure

d)

melting

54.

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter A?

a)

extrusion

b)

erosion

c)

crystallization

d)

intrusion

55.

What is a landmass?

a)

A body of water surrounded by land

b)

A small island in the ocean

c)

A mountain range

d)

A large, unbroken area of land

56.

What is a supercontinent?

a)

A continent that is larger than all others

b)

A single landmass that includes two or more continents

c)

A continent found under the ocean

d)

A continent that has a superabundance of biodiversity

57.

The theory that continents have moved and are still moving slowly across the Earth's surface is known as what?

a)

Plate Tectonics

b)

Continental Drift

c)

Sea Floor Spreading

d)

Earth's Rotation

58.
What was the name given to all the continents when they were joined as one super continent
a)
Supreme Continent
b)
N.A.S.E.A.A.A
c)
Wegner World
d)
Pangea
59.

What is the name of the layer that contains the upper layer of the upper mantle and crust?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Transosphere

60.
Scientists think that convection currents that move the plates flow in Earth's
a)
Continental crust
b)
oceanic crust
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
Lithosphere
61.
What kind of currents cause heat transfer in the Earth?
a)
convection currents
b)
radiation currents
c)
conduction currents
d)
ocean currents
62.

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of volcanoes?

a)

Acid Rain

b)

Scenery

c)

New Habitat

d)

Hot Springs

63.

Which type of plate boundary does not typically produce volcanoes?

a)

Transform

b)

Diverging

c)

C-O converging

d)

O-O Converging

64.

What is the force inside the mantle that causes the Earth's Plates to move ?

a)

subduction

b)

radiation

c)

conduction

d)

convection

65.

What geologic feature will occur at a hot spot ?

a)

volcano

b)

folded mountain

c)

deep sea trench

d)

crevasse

66.

A prime example of an area over a hot spot is :

a)

Japan

b)

the Andes Mountains

c)

the East African Rift

d)

the Hawaiian Islands

67.

The formula for density is

a)

volume/mass

b)

mass/volume

c)

mass x volume

d)

density x mass

68.
What are the two kinds of crust that the Earth has?
a)
Oceanic and Crustatious Crust
b)
Oceanic and Continental Crust
c)
Optic and Continental Crust
69.
As scientists explore deeper and deeper into Earth's crust, what have they noticed about temperature and pressure?
a)
both temperature and pressure decrease
b)
both temperature and pressure increase
c)
pressure increases while temperature decreases
d)
temperature increases while pressure decreases
70.
Which layer of Earth is the thinnest? 
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Outer Core
71.
Scientists determine what Earth’s interior looks like by using:
a)
Volcanoes
b)
Seismic Waves
c)
Continental Drift
d)
Convection Currents
72.

A mountain that builds up where magma pushes up through Earth's crust is a ____.

a)

volcano

b)

lava burst

c)

fault

d)

seismograph

73.

The shaking of Earth from rocks suddenly moving along a fault is a(n) _____

a)

fault

b)

cinder cone

c)

earthquake

d)

epicenter

74.

Circular movements of heated liquid or gas are _____?

a)

plate tectonics

b)

lava flows

c)

convection currents

d)

P waves

75.

The three types of faults are ____, ____, and _____.

a)

obtuse

normal

reverse

b)

strike-slip

layered

normal

c)

reverse

normal

strike-slip

d)

strike-slip

obtuse

reverse

76.

What is one piece of evidence that supports Wegener's theory of continental drift?

a)

There are similar fossils found where the continents would fit together

b)

Early ocean fishers logged the continents locations

c)

Each valley on opposite continents is identical

d)

The tapes of ancient seismographs

77.

What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

a)

The point deep in the Earth where the earthquake starts

b)

The area of a circle where the earthquake might be felt

c)

The area outside where the earthquake was felt

d)

The point on Earth's surface directly above where the Earthquake occurred

78.

Based on the figure, the difference in arrival times between which pair of waves can be used to determine the distance of the recording station to the epicenter?

a)

C and D

b)

B and C

c)

A and D

d)

A and B

79.
________ are the slowest seismic waves.
a)
P waves
b)
S waves
c)
Surface waves
d)
Epicenter
80.
In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph?
a)
S wave, P wave, Surface wave
b)
Surface wave, P wave and S wave
c)
P wave, S wave and Surface wave
d)
P wave, Surface wave and S wave
81.

What is the tool that records earthquakes?

a)

A. Seismograph

b)

B. Seismologists

c)

C. Seismic wave

d)

D. Seismogram

82.

What is the zig-zag record made by a seismograph called?

a)

A. Seismograph

b)

B. Seismologist

c)

C. Seismic wave

d)

D. Seismogram

83.
Which seismogram represents a city that is far from the epicenter of an earthquake?  
a)
New York, NY
b)
Nome, Alaska
c)
Guadalajara, Mexico
84.
Which city is closest to the epicenter?  
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
85.
Which letter represents the movement created by the P Wave?  
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
86.

This is considered as the fastest kind of seismic waves.

a)

Love waves

b)

Body waves

c)

Primary waves

d)

Secondary waves

87.

Main type of waves that can travel through the earth's inner layer.

a)

surface waves

b)

body waves

c)

Love waves

d)

Rayleigh waves

88.
What scale is used to measure the 
a)
Ricther Scale
b)
A big scale
c)
Seismic Scale
89.
A secondary wave moves
a)
parallel
b)
perpendicular
c)
in circles
90.
Which type of wave is the most destructive wave?
a)
Primary Wave
b)
Secondary Wave
91.
Which type of wave arrives first during an earthquake?
a)
Primary (p-wave) waves
b)
Secondary (s-wave) waves
c)
Rayleigh Waves
d)
Love Waves
92.

Which of the following is an effect of ash or ash clouds. (Select all that applies.)

a)

Covers a large area from sunlight

b)

Particulate matter can enter the respiratory tract causing infections

c)

It may fertilize the soil

d)

It calms the volcano

e)

It can damage infrastructures

93.

This refers to the molten material that has reached the surface and has less amount of dissolved gas.

(a)  

94.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-5
d)
1-20
95.
A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7
a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
96.

What is the only substance with a neutral pH of 7?

a)

Milk

b)

Orange Juice

c)

Pure Water

d)

Blood

e)

All Water

97.

In a test of pH levels, a baking soda has a pH of 9 and bleach has a pH of 12. What is true about there relationship?

a)

Both of the solution are bases

b)

Both of the solution are acids

c)

The Baking soda is an acid and the Bleach is a base

d)

The baking soda is a base and the Bleach is an acid.

98.

A chemical has a pH = 6. It would be best described as

a)

Strong acid

b)

Strong base

c)

Weak acid

d)

Weak base

99.

After a hurricane, William noticed that the coastline near his home on Sanibel Island had increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely reason for this change?

a)

Physical weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Chemical weathering

d)

Erosion

100.

Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?

a)

A tree root growing into a rock and splitting it

b)

Water flowing over rocks and smoothing them

c)

Iron in rocks reacting with oxygen to form rust

d)

Wind blowing sand against a rock surface

101.

While hiking in the desert, Mason noticed that some rocks had smooth surfaces. How are these rocks weathered by wind?

a)

Rocks are weathered when wind is coming from a certain direction

b)

Rocks are weathered by sediment or smaller pieces of rock carried by wind

c)

Rocks are weathered only by strong winds

d)

Rocks are weathered only by storms

102.
What is weathering?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
103.
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical weathering?
a)
water
b)
carbon dioxide
c)

Root Action

d)
living organisms secreting acid to break down rocks
104.
What is erosion?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
105.
Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering?
a)
burrowing plants
b)
ice wedging
c)
plant roots
d)
acid rain
106.
The diagrams  shows a natural process that weathers rock.
 Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)
frozen water acts as a solute
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
the mass of water increases when it freezes
d)
frozen water dissolves most types of rock
107.
What is mechanical weathering?
a)
Process through which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces.
b)
Rocks are broken down through chemical changes.
c)
Rocks are worn away from acid in plant roots.
d)
Rocks broken down by machinery.
108.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
during photosynthesis
b)
when roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock
c)
when the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves
109.
What is deposition?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
110.
When wind, water, or ice leave materials in a location, this is known as:
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Transportation
111.
These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
acid rain
c)
permeability
d)
abrasion
112.

New oceanic crust (sea floor) is created at this boundary.

a)

Divergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Continental

c)

Convergent Oceanic

d)

Transform

113.

The process where oceanic crust slides under another plate and is melted is called ___________.

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

subduction

c)

continental drift

d)

recycling

114.

What two geologic features occur near every subduction zone?

a)

Volcanoes and Trenches

b)

Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges

c)

Volcanoes and Rift Valleys

d)

Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches

115.

A divergent boundary on land creates what feature?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Subduction Zone

d)

Deep Ocean Trench

116.

When two continental plates converge (collide) what type of crustal feature is formed?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction Zone

c)

Rift Valley

d)

Folded Mountains

117.

If an earthquake occurs at the bottom of the ocean floor what could form as result?

a)

Volcano

b)

Tsumani

c)

Tidal Wave

d)

Hurricane

118.

What is the only event associated with ALL plate boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Subduction

d)

Deep Trenches

119.
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this boundary
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Reform
d)
Transform
120.

The Himalayas in Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?

a)

divergent

b)

continent-to-continent convergent

c)

ocean-to-continent convergent

d)

transform

121.

A long narrow deep depression in the ocean bed

a)

ridge

b)

fault

c)

trench

d)

rift

122.

A deep crack in the Earth's surface associated with divergent boundary

a)

lava

b)

rift

c)

ridge

d)

trench

123.

A mid-ocean RIDGE is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates. Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid ocean ridge?

a)
b)
c)
d)

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