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WorksheetsCarbohydrates
Total questions: 97
Worksheet time: 49mins
Carbohydrates are compounds made up of how many elements?
2
3
4
5
What is the general formula for carbohydrates given in the image?
(a)
What is the major source of energy for the sustainment of life according to the image?
(a)
The liver can store up to what percentage of its net weight as glycogen?
(a)
Muscle can store up to what percentage of its net weight as glycogen?
(a)
How many grams of carbohydrates are stored in the average adult as liver and muscle glycogen?
(a)
Digestible carbohydrates provide how many kilocalories per gram?
(a)
What is the total body stored CHO (carbohydrates) in kilocalories?
(a)
No single carbohydrate is essential, but carbohydrates do participate in many required functions in the body.
True
False
What happens to excess CHO (carbohydrates) in the body?
(a)
What is one of the properties of carbohydrates related to the carbon chain?
(a)
Which property of carbohydrates involves the location of a functional group?
(a)
What property of carbohydrates is determined by the number of sugar units?
(a)
Which property of carbohydrates refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in the compound?
(a)
Fill in the blank: Trioses have (a) carbon atoms in their base carbon chain.
Fill in the blank: Tetroses have (a) carbon atoms in their base carbon chain.
Fill in the blank: Pentoses have (a) carbon atoms in their base carbon chain.
Fill in the blank: Hexoses have (a) carbon atoms in their base carbon chain.
Which of the following best describes a Ketose?
A) Function group is aldehyde (terminal carbonyl group)
B) Function group is ketone (carbonyl group in the middle)
Which of the following best describes an Aldose?
Function group is aldehyde (terminal carbonyl group)
Function group is ketone (carbonyl group in the middle)
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
Sucrose
Glucose
Maltose
Lactose
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose
Fill in the blank: The smallest molecule and simple sugar is called a (a) .
Fill in the blank: Polysaccharides are carbohydrates with (a) units of sugar.
What is metabolism?
The process of breathing
The chemical changes that take place in a cell that produce energy and basic materials needed for important life processes
The movement of muscles
The process of digestion
Metabolism involves millions of (a) .
Which of the following organs are involved in metabolism?
Liver, adipose, heart, brain
Stomach, kidney, skin, bone
Eye, ear, nose, tongue
Lung, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder
Metabolism involves thousands of (a) .
Metabolism occurs under various conditions such as (a) .
What is carbohydrate metabolism?
The process of breaking down proteins
The biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms
The process of fat storage
The process of DNA replication
Carbohydrate metabolism ensures a constant supply of (a) to living cells.
Digestion breaks down complex dietary carbohydrates (polysaccharides) into simple sugars (monosaccharides) such as ______, ______, and ______.
(a)
Which of the following is the most important carbohydrate that can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP?
Sucrose
Glucose
Lactose
Maltose
According to the diagram on Carbohydrates Metabolism, what is the first form of carbohydrates that enters the process?
Monosaccharides
Intestinal mucosal cells
Carbohydrates (Diet) [starch/glycogen]
Proteins
Fill in the blank: In the process of Carbohydrates Metabolism, carbohydrates from the diet are first converted into (a) before being absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells.
According to the Carbohydrates Metabolism diagram, which cells absorb monosaccharides?
Liver cells
Muscle cells
Intestinal mucosal cells
Red blood cells
What enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing starch when food mixes in the mouth?
Pancreatic amylase
Salivary amylase
Lactase
Sucrase
What are the products of starch hydrolysis in the mouth?
Glucose and fructose
Dextrine and maltose
Sucrose and lactose
Monosaccharides
Gastric HCl inactivates the Salivary amylase, causing CHO digestion to stop temporarily in the (a) .
In the small intestines, which enzyme further hydrolyzes carbohydrates into intermediate sized glucosan?
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Lactase
Sucrase
Which intestinal enzymes act on carbohydrates in the final stages of digestion?
Maltase, sucrase, lactase
Amylase, protease, lipase
Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin
Cellulase, invertase, isomerase
Starch and glycogen are ultimately degraded into (a) units during digestion.
Food mixes with the (a) , hydrolyzing the starch to produce dextrose and maltose.
Which enzyme is responsible for further hydrolyzing partially digested polymers into intermediate sized glucosan in the small intestine?
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Maltase
Sucrase
In the presence of which intestinal enzymes are starch and glycogen degraded into monosaccharide units?
Maltase, sucrase, lactase
Amylase, protease, lipase
Dextrose, maltose, glucose
Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin
Fill in the blank: Dextrose and maltose are produced when starch is hydrolyzed by (a) .
Through intestinal absorption, monosaccharides are transported to the liver. The liver then converts (a) and galactose into glucose. (Fill in the blank)
Fill in the blank: After glucose is available in the body, it may be released into the circulation and used for energy in the tissues. This process is called (a) .
Fill in the blank: After glucose is available in the body, it may be converted to (a) in the liver for storage.
Fill in the blank: After glucose is available in the body, it may be utilized in skeletal muscle for (a) synthesis.
Fill in the blank: After glucose is available in the body, it may be used in adipose tissue for (a) synthesis.
Which of the following statements about glucose is true?
Glucose accumulates in the muscle
Glucose does not accumulate in the muscle
Glucose is not metabolized
Glucose enters the muscle cell freely without insulin
Glucose does not enter the muscle cell freely. What helps glucose enter the muscle cell?
Oxygen
Insulin
Water
ATP
Fill in the blank: Glucose is quickly metabolized and generates pyruvic acid, lactic acid, and (a) as intermediate products.
What are the end products of complete oxidation of glucose?
(a)
Complete oxidation of glucose produces CO2, water, and ATP.
True
False
What is the process called that involves the conversion of glucose or other hexoses to pyruvate or lactate for production of energy?
(a)
What is the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances (e.g. amino acids, glycerol or fatty acids) called?
(a)
Which enzyme is involved in gluconeogenesis?
(a)
What is the process called that involves the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose and other intermediate products for use as energy?
(a)
What is Glycogenesis? Fill in the blank: Glycogenesis is the (a) of glucose to glycogen for energy.
What is Lipogenesis? Fill in the blank: Lipogenesis is the (a) of carbohydrates to fatty acids.
What is Lipolysis? Fill in the blank: Lipolysis is the (a) of fats.
Fill in the blank: The organs involved in controlling blood glucose concentration are (a) , liver, and some other endocrine glands.
Which of the following organs are involved in controlling blood glucose concentration?
Pancreas, liver, and some other endocrine glands
Heart and lungs
Kidneys and stomach
Brain and spinal cord
Fill in the blank: The pancreas contains ________ and ________ glands that control carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism.
(a)
What hormones are secreted by the pancreas as an endocrine gland?
Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
Amylase and lipase
Adrenaline and cortisol
Thyroxine and calcitonin
The pancreatic islet of Langerhans contains cells that secrete (a)
As an exocrine gland, the pancreas secretes which enzyme responsible for the breakdown of ingested complex carbohydrates (CHO)?
(a)
The pancreas functions only as an endocrine gland.
True
False
Insulin is synthesized by B-cells of the islets of (a) ?
What is the main hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell?
Glucagon
Insulin
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Insulin is released when glucose levels are high.
True
False
Insulin promotes which of the following processes?
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis, glycolysis, and lipogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Ketogenesis
Insulin suppresses (a) .
Glucagon is the main hormone that increases (a) ; synthesized by a-cell of the islets of Langerhans.
Which process does glucagon increase?
Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Glycogen is converted to (a) under the action of glucagon.
Glucagon increases gluconeogenesis.
True
False
Glucagon is released during which states?
Sleep
Stress and fasting
Exercise only
Digestion
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is also known as corticoids and corticosteroids?
(a)
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is referred to as catecholamines?
(a)
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is also called somatotrophic hormone?
(a)
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is known as somatostatin?
(a)
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is produced by the thyroid gland?
(a)
Which hormone increases blood glucose level and is abbreviated as ACTH?
(a)
What is hypoglycemia?
High blood glucose concentration
Low blood glucose concentration
Normal blood glucose concentration
No change in blood glucose concentration
Fill in the blank: Warning signs of hypoglycemia are related to the (a)
The severity of hypoglycemia may range from insignificant to life threatening.
True
False
Diagnosis of hypoglycemia should be based on the criteria of Whipple's Triad. Which of the following lists the three criteria?
Symptoms of hypoglycemia, low plasma glucose, relief of symptoms after glucose administration
High plasma glucose, increased appetite, weight gain
Low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, sweating
Elevated insulin levels, increased thirst, frequent urination
Which of the following is NOT a criterion of Whipple's Triad?
Low blood glucose
Symptoms alleviated by glucose administration
High blood pressure
Typical symptoms are observed
One of the causes of hypoglycemia is an imbalance between (a) utilization and production.
Fill in the blank: Overadministration of (a) or oral hypoglycemic agents is a cause of hypoglycemia.
Severe (a) dysfunction is a cause of hypoglycemia.
Fill in the blank: (a) is a tumor that can cause hypoglycemia.
Inborn errors of (a) can cause hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia is more common in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) aged 30-40 years old.
True
False
