WorksheetsMartha Rogers: Unitary Human Beings Theory
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which statement best reflects the theory’s view of nursing and the unitary human being?
Nursing measures isolated body parts only
Nursing is both science and art of wholeness
Nursing focuses on discrete disease entities
Nursing separates person from environment
In Rogers’ model, what are energy fields considered to be?
Temporary physiological byproducts
Fundamental unit of living and nonliving
Random environmental fluctuations
Measurable anatomical structures
Which principle explains that human and environmental fields are in mutual continuous process?
Integrality
Homeostasis
Dualism
Mechanism
Which description aligns with pandimensionality in Rogers’ theory?
Finite three-dimensional spatial domain
Infinite domain without limit
Linear time-bound continuum only
Two-dimensional energy plane
Which option best captures pattern in the human field?
Static characteristics fixed across time
Unique wave-like manifestation
Discrete symptoms independent of context
Uniform rhythms identical in all people
What does helicy primarily describe in homeodynamic principles?
Predictable linear change
Continuous nonlinear evolution
Periodic return to baseline
Reversible cycles of equilibrium
Which example illustrates resonance within human-environmental energy fields?
Stable heart rate regardless of stimuli
Shift from lower to higher frequency patterns
Constant hormonal levels across contexts
Complete absence of emotional variability
Which statement reflects wholeness as a basic assumption?
Person equals sum of parts
Person is more than sum of parts
Environment defines the person entirely
Parts determine identity exclusively
According to the open systems view, how do human and environmental fields interact?
They constantly exchange energy and information
They remain isolated to preserve integrity
They are integral and affect each other’s functioning
They interact only during illness
Which nursing intervention aligns with Rogers’ homeodynamics?
Group therapy acknowledging unique fields
Music therapy to modulate resonance
Strict symptom checklists only
Healing garden as environmental field
Which statement best captures the core premise of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory?
People inherently depend on nurses for daily care
Patients have innate ability and responsibility for self-care
Illness always prevents any form of self-care actions
Nursing is limited to physical task performance only
Which pair correctly matches one of Orem’s four related theories to its focus?
Theory of self-care — how families provide dependent-care
Theory of nursing systems — why people care for themselves
Theory of dependent-care — care by family or friends
Theory of self-care deficit — relationships needed for nursing
Self-care is defined as actions maturing and mature persons initiate and perform to maintain which outcomes?
Life maintenance
Healthful functioning
Continuing personal development
Professional competence
Dependent-care is best described as care provided when a person is unable to perform self-care needed for which outcomes?
Maintaining life
Healthful functioning
Continuing personal development
Achieving employment
Which items are universal self-care requisites?
Air
Food
Water
Elimination processes
Which are additional universal self-care requisites listed in the material?
Balance activity and rest
Balance solitude and social interaction
Prevention of hazards to life
Promotion of functioning and development
Developmental self-care requisites primarily concern which aim?
Curing disease rapidly
Supporting growth and development throughout life
Maximizing athletic performance during youth
Preventing all psychological stressors
Which set belongs to the developmental self-care requisites description sets?
Provision of conditions that promote development
Engagement in self-development
Overcoming effects of adverse life situations
Elimination of all medical diagnoses
Health deviation self-care requisites exist for which group?
Persons who are healthy and undiagnosed
Persons who are ill, injured, or have disorders
Persons with only social disadvantages
Persons requiring solely psychological counseling
Therapeutic self-care demand consists of what key element?
Single emergency action at the time of illness
Summation of care measures over specific times
Occasional advice from a caregiver only
Automatic self-care fulfilled by basic conditioning factors
Which statement about self-care agency is accurate?
It is the caregiver’s acquired ability to meet dependent needs
It is the human’s power to engage in self-care affected by conditioning factors
It is solely determined by health system factors and resources
It is only present in mature adults without limitations
Which example illustrates self-care deficit?
Individual meets all self-care without support
Individual cannot meet self-care due to physical or mental limitations
Caregiver meets dependent’s needs fully without training
Family encourages wellness through social interaction
Nursing agency comprises which capabilities?
Developed capabilities of persons educated as nurses
Helping persons meet therapeutic self-care demands
Regulating development of dependent-care agency
Mandating all patients become fully independent immediately
Which helping methods are included in Orem’s framework?
Acting or doing for another
Guiding and directing
Providing physical or psychological support
Teaching and maintaining a supportive environment
Which factors are basic conditioning factors influencing self-care agency and therapeutic demand?
Age and gender
Health state and developmental state
Pattern of living and family system factors
Availability of resources and external environment
In the wholly compensatory nursing system, the individual is best characterized as
Able to engage all self-care actions independently
Unable to engage required self-directed actions and depends on others
Able to learn but cannot perform without assistance
Primarily requiring guidance for manipulative tasks only
Which description fits the partly compensatory nursing system?
Nurse performs all care measures alone
Both nurse and patient perform care measures; role may vary
Patient performs care independently after teaching
Family provides dependent-care without nurse involvement
Which statement defines the supportive-educative system?
Person can perform required measures but cannot do so without assistance
Nurse wholly compensates for all patient actions
Caregiver meets all dependent-care demands continuously
Patient cannot learn required measures under any condition
Which statement best captures the core of Goal Attainment in King’s theory?
Nurses set goals independently without patient input
Nurses and patients set goals together and act
Organizations define goals for all patient care
Patients achieve goals through self-care only
In King’s framework, which level includes concepts like body image, growth and development, perception, self, space, and time?
Personal systems
Interpersonal systems
Social systems
Therapeutic systems
Which elements define interpersonal systems in King’s theory?
Communication processes
Dyads and triads
Group norms of society
Observable mutual interactions
Which example best illustrates a transaction in nurse–patient interaction?
Nurse documents vital signs without discussion
Patient reads an educational pamphlet silently
Nurse and patient agree on a pain-control plan
Manager assigns tasks to the nursing staff
Which condition increases the likelihood that a transaction will occur in nurse–patient interactions?
Perceptual interaction accuracy is present
The nurse avoids discussing role expectations
The patient defers all decisions to family
The nurse prioritizes organizational power
Which outcome is expected when the nurse and patient make a transaction?
Goals are achieved
Satisfaction occurs
Effective nursing care occurs
Stress increases immediately
Which statement reflects the concept of power within social systems in King’s theory?
Capacity to use resources to achieve goals
Position an individual holds in a group
Reciprocity between giver and taker roles
Groups that make up society at large
What does status refer to in King’s social systems?
Capacity to use resources
Position of an individual in a group
Mutual exchange over time
Formal organizational rules
Which scenario most likely leads to stress in the nurse–patient interaction under King’s theory?
Congruent role expectations and performance
Accurate perception of the patient’s needs
Conflict in role expectations by either party
Clear agreement on shared goals
Which description best defines nursing in King’s model?
Static documentation of patient status
Process of action, reaction, and interaction
Independent execution of medical orders
Exclusive focus on self-care agency
Which statement best captures the aim of Myra Levine’s Conservation Theory in nursing care?
Promote adaptation while maintaining wholeness
Eliminate illness through rapid intervention
Standardize care for all individuals equally
Prioritize technology over human responses
Energy conservation in a hospitalized patient primarily involves which nursing focus?
Balancing energy input with tolerated expenditure
Increasing caloric intake regardless of activity
Maximizing activity to prevent deconditioning
Eliminating rest periods to improve sleep
Which nursing order best exemplifies conserving a patient’s energy?
Activity as tolerated with clustered care
Hourly ambulation without assistance
Full daily physical therapy schedule
Unrestricted visitors throughout day
Structural integrity in Levine’s framework is best preserved by which approach?
Maintaining or restoring body structure to prevent breakdown
Focusing solely on emotional coping strategies
Encouraging fasting to enhance healing speed
Avoiding all surgical procedures regardless of need
Which example aligns with conserving structural integrity?
Turning patient every two hours in bed
Withholding hygiene to limit movement
Skipping range of motion to save energy
Removing pressure devices for comfort
Personal integrity conservation emphasizes which patient right most directly?
Respecting autonomy through consent to treatment
Prioritizing staff routines over patient choices
Limiting information to reduce anxiety
Restricting participation to avoid confusion
Social integrity is reflected primarily in which context?
Dynamic relationships within family and community
Physiological stability of internal organs
Individual’s caloric consumption and output
Isolation to minimize infection risk
Healing as the defense of wholeness is best described as the
Return to daily activities compromised by illness
Cure achieved only by medication therapy
Repair of a single affected body part only
Absence of stressors in the environment
According to Levine, adaptation is most effective when it achieves
Compatibility with life and environment
Elimination of all environmental change
Uniform responses across all individuals
Maximal energy expenditure daily
Which characteristic of adaptation refers to patterned responses passed through genetics?
Historicity
Specificity
Redundancy
Plasticity
Specificity within adaptation is best illustrated by
Unique responses to particular challenges
Identical reactions in all situations
Complete absence of stress hormones
Random changes unrelated to stimuli
Which internal environment description aligns with Levine’s view?
Tightly regulated solutions essential for well-being
Uncontrolled fluid shifts tolerated by the body
Constant exposure to external microorganisms
Cultural symbols shaping social behavior
Which external environment domain involves cultural patterns and spirituality mediated by language and history?
Conceptual
Perceptual
Operational
Physiological
The organismic response labeled fight-or-flight is primarily characterized by
Adrenocortical and sympathetic reactions
Parasympathetic digestive activation
Reduced awareness and slow response
Complete absence of hormonal changes
In nursing, a conservative function means actively supporting the patient’s adaptive efforts to achieve
The best available environmental fit
Complete independence from environment
Total elimination of all stressors
Uniform care protocols for all
In Neuman’s Systems Model, what best describes the client system?
A closed unit with fixed boundaries
An open system exchanging energy
A static structure resisting change
A linear process without feedback
Which statement best captures the role of stressors in the model?
They are neutral events without impact
They are tension-producing stimuli
They are only interpersonal conflicts
They are purely biological exposures
The flexible line of defense is primarily understood as
A permanent barrier preventing all stressors
The outer broken ring offering short-term protection
A solid circle representing usual wellness
The central core of basic survival factors
When the flexible line of defense expands, the system
Gains temporary increased protection
Loses all resistance to invasion
Becomes permanently stable and balanced
Stops exchanging input and output
The normal line of defense is best defined as
A baseline of usual wellness over time
A rapid emergency reaction ring
An inner core of genetic features
A post-treatment reconstitution level
Lines of resistance are activated when
Stressors remain outside the system
The flexible line permanently expands
Stressors penetrate the normal line
Tertiary prevention is initiated
Match each level of prevention with its primary focus.
Primary: reduce encounter with stressor
Secondary: treat reactions to stressor
Tertiary: prevent recurrence or regression
Primary: readjustment after treatment
Secondary: enhance flexible line only
Which combination exemplifies input and output in an open client system?
Only matter flowing inward
Only information leaving outward
Matter, energy, and information exchanged
No exchange to maintain stability
Entropy within the client system refers to
Energy depletion leading to illness
Energy conservation increasing order
A stable state of optimal health
Random feedback improving control
Negentropy in the model is most closely associated with
Increasing organization and wellness
Complete absence of stressors
Total closure from the environment
Progressive disorganization and death
Which nursing action aligns with primary prevention?
Crisis counseling after a panic attack
Teaching coping skills before a known exam
Rehabilitation to prevent relapse post-therapy
Adjusting medications to reduce acute symptoms
Secondary prevention primarily involves
Screening and early interventions to reduce reaction
Community education to avoid potential exposures
Long-term support to prevent regression
Environmental redesign to remove all stressors
Tertiary prevention focuses on
Avoiding first contact with stressors
Treating acute symptoms at onset
Readjustment to maintain optimal stability
Strengthening the flexible line temporarily
Which example best represents intrapersonal stressors?
Peer pressure and social rejection
Anxiety and negative self-talk within self
Job insecurity and financial problems
Conflict between coworkers at shift change
A client shows insomnia and irritability after stressor invasion. In Neuman’s terms, this indicates
Reconstitution at higher wellness
Degree of reaction with instability
Absence of lines of resistance
Return to normal line of defense
Which statement best captures the nurse’s role within Roy’s Adaptation Model?
Assess adaptation and support adaptive responses
Diagnose disease and prescribe medical treatments
Provide comfort without assessing adaptation
Focus solely on physical symptoms and labs
In Roy’s model, which two subsystems describe coping mechanisms that mediate adaptation?
Regulator and cognator subsystems
Self-concept and role function
Physiologic and interdependence
Contextual and residual stimuli
The regulator subsystem primarily involves which processes?
Neurochemical and endocrine regulation
Cognitive appraisal and decision making
Interpersonal communication patterns
Cultural and spiritual meaning making
The cognator subsystem is best described as a person’s
Mental coping mechanism using cognition
Automatic physiologic feedback loops
Innate immune and inflammatory system
Social role set within a group
Which are the four adaptive modes in Roy’s model?
Physiological-physical
Self-concept–group identity
Role function
Interdependence
Perception–regulation
Match each adaptive mode with its primary focus.
Physiological-physical: body processes and needs
Self-concept–group identity: oxygenation and nutrition
Role function: spiritual and psychic integrity
Interdependence: individual body image only
Which list shows the five basic needs of physiological integrity identified in the model?
Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity-rest, protection
Sleep, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
Hydration, mobility, cognition, comfort, thermoregulation
Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
In the self-concept–group identity mode, the basic needs include
Psychic and spiritual integrity, unity, meaning
Adequate oxygenation and elimination
Clear role expectations at work
Balanced electrolytes and fluids
Role function mode primarily concerns
The roles a person occupies and expectations
Automatic body regulation and homeostasis
Interpretation of sensory stimuli
Spiritual meaning and life purpose
Interdependence mode focuses on
Close relationships and social support
Regulation of acid-base balance
Group identity within organizations
Cognitive appraisal of stimuli
Identify focal, contextual, and residual stimuli in Roy’s framework.
Focal: immediate confronting stimulus
Contextual: other stimuli that affect focal stimulus
Residual: vague factors with unclear effects
Focal: underlying beliefs not fully understood
Contextual: primary cause of disease
Which sequence correctly describes adaptation level processes?
Integrated, compensatory, compromised
Compensated, integrated, decompensated
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Perception in Roy’s model serves to
Link regulator and cognator with adaptive modes
Trigger only innate coping mechanisms
Replace physiologic feedback processes
Isolate the person from environmental input
Which statements about coping mechanisms are accurate?
Innate mechanisms are generally automatic
Acquired mechanisms develop through learning
Cognator uses brain to cope in adaptive modes
Regulator is a social role expectation
According to Roy, environment encompasses
All conditions influencing behavior, including focal, contextual, residual stimuli
Only physical surroundings like temperature and noise
Internal psychological states but not social factors
Biological pathogens that directly cause disease
Which statement best describes the goal of regulation and feedback in Johnson’s Behavioral System Model?
Maintain subsystem stability by detecting deviations
Increase patient autonomy without monitoring behavior
Prioritize biological needs over social interactions
Eliminate variability to achieve rigid uniform behavior
In the attachment–affiliative subsystem, which nursing action most directly supports its function?
Facilitating family contact for emotional connectedness
Scheduling strength training for motor recovery
Teaching fluid intake for bowel regularity
Monitoring wound site for signs of infection
A patient frequently seeks reassurance about recovery and asks for instructions on self‑care. Which subsystem is most involved?
Dependency subsystem
Achievement subsystem
Aggressive‑protective subsystem
Sexual subsystem
The ingestive subsystem concerns the broad function of appetite satisfaction. Which factor is NOT central to this subsystem in the model?
Social influences on eating patterns
Psychological influences on appetite
Biological considerations of hunger
Financial investments in food markets
Which nursing intervention best aligns with the eliminative subsystem after abdominal surgery?
Assess bowel habits and promote high‑fiber diet
Limit fluids to prevent urinary frequency
Encourage strict bed rest for wound healing
Focus only on pain control without diet review
The achievement subsystem primarily involves which function?
Control or mastery toward a standard of excellence
Seeking approval through dependence on others
Regulation of eating under cultural constraints
Protection and preservation of personal safety
Which combined interventions best support achievement goals during stroke rehabilitation?
Modify the home with handrails and furniture
Engage in occupational therapy for motor skills
Restrict social contact to reduce distractions
Avoid challenging tasks to prevent frustration
The sexual subsystem in Johnson’s model encompasses which dual functions?
Procreation and gratification in role‑guided behavior
Attachment and approval within family bonds
Protection and preservation of bodily integrity
Mastery and control over environmental tasks
A patient anticipates pain during a procedure and begins pulling away and raising their voice. Which subsystem is activated?
Aggressive‑protective subsystem
Ingestive subsystem
Eliminative subsystem
Attachment‑affiliative subsystem
How does Johnson conceptualize health within the Behavioral System Model?
A dynamic state shaped by biological, psychological, and social factors
A fixed absence of disease defined by laboratory results
Primarily a biological equilibrium independent of context
A personal choice unrelated to environmental interaction
What is the primary focus of nursing within the Theory of Nursing as Caring?
Nurturing persons living and growing in caring
Restoring physiological homeostasis through procedures
Maximizing efficiency of clinical interventions
Standardizing evidence-based protocols for safety
Which statement best reflects the intention of nursing in this theory?
Knowing persons as caring and sustaining them in living caring
Diagnosing problems and prescribing appropriate treatments
Collecting objective data to drive clinical decision pathways
Ensuring adherence to institutional policies and protocols
According to the perspective of persons as caring, which is true?
All persons are caring, fundamentally and actually
Only trained professionals can reliably express caring
Caring emerges only during illness or dependence
Caring is optional and situationally developed
What best describes a nursing situation in this theory?
Expression of values, intentions, and actions in a chosen relationship
A series of tasks performed according to care plans
A one-way transfer of knowledge from nurse to client
A standardized interaction defined by clinical algorithms
Which phrase captures the meaning of direct invitation in a nursing situation?
Opening the relationship to true caring between nurse and nursed
Mandating adherence to the nurse’s plan of care
Requesting consent for invasive procedures only
Scheduling routine assessments for efficiency
Calls for nursing are best understood as
Nurturance perceived in the nurse’s mind in the moment
Explicit verbal requests documented in the chart
Institutional alerts for staffing and assignments
Family demands for additional clinical services
Caring between arises when the nurse
Enters the other’s world intending to know the person as caring
Maintains emotional distance to preserve objectivity
Focuses on completing tasks with minimal conversation
Prioritizes documentation over interpersonal connection
In this theory, what does authentic presence plus intentionality enable?
Openness to hear unique calls for nursing
Rapid identification of pathophysiologic disease
Strict boundary setting to ensure neutrality
Delegation of caring interactions to others
Which option identifies a key assumption about persons?
Persons are caring by virtue of their humanness
Persons become caring only through socialization
Persons are incomplete until needs are met
Persons are caring only when observed helping
Being complete in the moment signifies that a person
Has no insufficiency, no brokenness, no absence
Is free from all disease and disability
Meets all developmental milestones precisely
Conforms fully to societal expectations
Which statement aligns with persons living caring moment to moment?
Caring is a lifetime process continually unfolding
Caring is episodic and limited to crises
Caring concludes once goals are achieved
Caring occurs only during formal caregiving
Personhood is nurtured in the context of caring between because
Each expresses self and recognizes the other as caring
The nurse directs activities for efficient outcomes
Reciprocity is minimized to reduce dependency
Objective measures replace subjective experiences
Story as a method for knowing nursing primarily serves to
Preserve and communicate the lived meaning of situations
Provide legal documentation for risk management
Standardize protocols across diverse settings
Train nurses in purely technical procedures
Which MSQ options best represent features of the Dance of Caring Persons metaphor?
Visual representation of lived caring relationships
Each dancer’s contributions are honored as valuable
Movement occurs only with synchronized uniform steps
Knowing self and other supports connectedness in the circle
Only the nurse leads while others follow passively
Within this theoretical view, what most accurately differentiates nursing from unidirectional activity?
Caring between nurse and nursed in reciprocal relationship
Completing tasks without engaging the person’s world
Delivering instructions with limited emotional involvement
Recording outcomes according to preset metrics
Which scenario best illustrates a developmental transition in Meleis’ Transitions Theory?
A woman starting menopause at age fifty
A patient discharged home after surgery
A nurse promoted to unit manager
A hospital adopting a new charting system
Which is a situational transition example under Meleis’ framework?
Learning to use a new charting system
Recovering from acute appendicitis
Experiencing adolescence milestones
Organization downsizing departments
In Transitions Theory, organizational transitions primarily involve which focus?
Changing environmental conditions for clients and staff
Personal role changes within a family unit
Diagnosis and management of chronic illness
Grief after the death of a loved one
Which pair correctly matches transition type with example?
Health/illness — diagnosis of chronic illness
Situational — birth of a first child
Developmental — hospital discharge home
Organizational — leaving an abusive relationship
Awareness in Transitions Theory refers to which aspect?
Perception, knowledge, and recognition of transition
Degree of involvement in the transition process
Length from beginning to a new stability
Markers such as birth or cessation of menses
What does engagement represent within transition properties?
Degree of a person’s involvement in the process
Recognition that a transition has begun
Presence of instability and distress over time
Cultural beliefs that shape the experience
Which statement about change and difference in transitions is most accurate?
All transitions associate changes but not all changes are transitions
All changes are transitions and lead to engagement
Differences are unrelated to perspective shifts
Change is unnecessary for developmental transitions
Time span in transitions is best described as:
From starting instability through an ending with new stability
A brief moment around the critical event only
The time before awareness but after engagement
The hours immediately after a hospital discharge
Which is a critical point or event within transitions?
Birth, death, or diagnosis of illness
Self-esteem or personal competence
Cultural beliefs and attitudes
Adding contacts with friends and family
Which combination lists transition patterns identified by Meleis?
Multiple and simultaneous
Sequential and related
Single and unrelated
Cyclical and episodic
Which process indicator suggests a healthy transition?
Feeling connected and developing coping
Experiencing prolonged isolation and fear
Ignoring new social supports entirely
Only recognizing the critical event date
Outcome indicators of a healthy transition most directly include:
Mastery and fluid integrative identities
Increased awareness without involvement
Longer time span and greater distress
Higher frequency of critical events
Which nursing therapeutic is primarily about preparing the client using education?
Preparation for transition
Assessment of readiness
Role supplementation
Interpersonal influences
Assessment of readiness as a nursing therapeutic requires what?
Understanding each transition condition for the client
Scheduling a fixed time span for the transition
Minimizing personal and community factors
Focusing only on the critical point or event
Role supplementation in transition-focused care mainly involves:
Conveying information to provide support
Assigning new organizational roles to staff
Reducing time span through medication
Avoiding engagement to limit distress
Personal conditions that shape transition experiences include which set?
Beliefs, socioeconomic status, preparation, knowledge
Hospital length of stay and discharge date
Organizational staffing and policy changes
Community norms and immigration patterns
Community or societal conditions in transitions can act as:
Facilitators or inhibitors such as marginalization
Outcome indicators like mastery and identity
Process indicators like connectedness alone
Strictly personal beliefs without social context
Which statement best applies to lack of awareness in transitions?
Lack of awareness does not mean transition has not begun
Lack of awareness prevents any engagement forever
Lack of awareness shortens the time span dramatically
Lack of awareness eliminates all change and difference
Which statement best defines culturally congruent care in Leininger’s theory?
Care tailored to biomedical norms across settings
Care based on economic status and access to services
Care that fits clients’ cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways
Care standardized to ensure equal procedures for all
Generic (emic) care is best described as
Learned lay and local knowledge used to assist others
Formal knowledge obtained through professional education
Policies mandated by legal and political systems
Technology-driven protocols standardized by hospitals
Professional care, in Leininger’s framework, refers to
Community customs transmitted orally over generations
Formally learned knowledge and practices from institutions
Religious beliefs guiding daily lifeways in families
Economic strategies that allocate scarce health resources
Which pair correctly matches perspective with its focus?
Emic – outsider view using institutional categories
Etic – insider view of local cultural meanings
Emic – insider cultural knowledge of phenomena
Etic – participant explanations of rituals and cures
Culture care diversity refers to
Commonly shared patterns guiding empathy in illness
Differences in beliefs, meanings, and lifeways across groups
Legal and political structures shaping health institutions
Technological change producing new care expressions
Culture care universality emphasizes
Shared phenomena with recurrent meanings and values
Unique lifeways that vary by subgroup and setting
Institutional policies that standardize interventions
Technological factors that replace traditional practices
Which domain is NOT explicitly listed as a cultural and social structure dimension in Leininger’s model?
Religious and philosophical factors affecting values
Economic factors shaping access and decisions
Kinship and social factors within communities
Genetic mutations determining inherited diseases
Ethnohistory contributes to assessment by focusing on
Randomized trials of current treatment efficacy
Sequences of past events explaining present lifeways
Laboratory measures of biomarkers and pathogens
Solely political changes unrelated to health patterns
Culture care preservation/maintenance primarily involves
Helping clients retain meaningful beliefs and values
Negotiating to adapt practices conflicting with safety
Reordering lifeways to achieve healthier outcomes
Replacing traditions with standardized protocols
An example of culture care accommodation/negotiation is
Ensuring access to kosher meals and spiritual support
Implementing a smoking cessation restructuring program
Mandating hospital diets without family involvement
Discontinuing all traditional remedies immediately
Culture care repatterning/restructuring aims to
Maintain existing lifeways without alteration
Adapt practices through mutual negotiation
Reorder lifeways for beneficial health outcomes
Eliminate cultural beliefs to avoid conflicts
Which statement about worldview best aligns with Leininger’s usage?
A holistic stance shaping how people see life and health
A narrow biomedical lens excluding alternative remedies
A political ideology determining public policy choices
A temporary opinion formed during acute illness
Select all that represent emic and etic distinctions correctly.
Emic reflects local insider meanings and practices
Etic provides external, often professional viewpoints
Emic emphasizes objective measurements over narratives
Etic arises solely from family traditions and rituals
Transcultural nursing as a major area focuses on
Comparative study of diverse cultures and caring values
Exclusive promotion of universal standardized interventions
Technological replacement of lay care with devices
Reduction of cultural considerations to language only
Which mixture best represents cultural and social structure dimensions nurses should assess?
Technology, religious beliefs, kinship, and language
Only economic status and employment conditions
Genetics, pathogens, and drug side-effect profiles
Media preferences and entertainment consumption
Which statement best captures health within Health as Expanding Consciousness?
Health equals absence of disease entirely
Health is a fusion of disease and non-disease
Health is a static state of perfect balance
Health is gained or lost through curing disease
In this theory, consciousness is primarily defined as
Affective feelings only within the person
Informational capacity and system–environment interaction
Cognitive memory processes isolated from body
Social awareness of cultural expectations alone
Pattern, in Newman's view, most accurately refers to
Discrete symptoms observed during illness
Information depicting the whole relationships at once
Random behaviors without consistent meaning
Physiological parameters measured numerically
Being aware of your pattern leads to which outcome?
Immediate elimination of disease processes
Identification, prevention, and adaptation within the pattern
Detachment from environment to avoid stress
Universal routines that fit all individuals
Which statement about wholeness is consistent with the theory?
Wholeness can be lost when illness occurs
Wholeness diminishes as symptoms intensify
Wholeness persists but takes a different form
Wholeness is measurable only by lab values
What task is crucial for nursing within this framework?
Prioritizing cure over meaning in care
Recognizing movement–space–time patterns together
Separating physical and emotional assessments
Focusing solely on disease management protocols
Movement-space-time are considered the three correlates of consciousness because they
Operate independently without interaction
Represent states unrelated to pattern
Reflect how the system relates and evolves
Measure only physical mobility limitations
Which scenario illustrates movement affecting time and space in this theory?
Increased social mobility extends life space and compresses felt time
Restricted movement decreases life space and increases perceived time
High activity expands time while contracting life space
Complete rest eliminates the experience of space and time
Choose the statements that align with the theory’s view of health and disease.
Disease manifests through an individual’s pattern
Health requires the absence of all disability
Health includes all persons regardless of disease presence
Becoming ill removes wholeness from the person
