WorksheetsStructure of Muscular System Anatomy
Total questions: 79
Worksheet time: 40mins
Look at the image showing four anatomical models. Which model represents the skeletal system?
First from the left
Second from the left
Third from the left
Fourth from the left
Look at the image showing four anatomical models. Which model represents the muscular system?
First from the left
Second from the left
Third from the left
Fourth from the left
Fill in the blank: The muscular system is responsible for ________ movement in the human body.
voluntary
involuntary
passive
automatic
Fill in the blank: One of the functions of muscles is producing skeletal movement through ______ and ______.
contraction and relaxation
expansion and compression
rotation and extension
flexion and torsion
Fill in the blank: Muscles help to maintain ______, body position and joint stability.
posture
temperature
digestion
respiration
Fill in the blank: Muscles support and protect soft tissues, and facilitate the movement of ______ organs.
internal
external
skeletal
digestive
Fill in the blank: Muscles help to regulate temperature, store energy and generate ______.
heat
light
sound
electricity
Fill in the blank: One of the functions of muscles is ________ and propelling food.
Swallowing
Breathing
Blinking
Hearing
Fill in the blank: Muscles help regulate valves that control the ________ flow of food.
unidirectional
circular
random
reverse
Fill in the blank: Muscles manage the entry and exit points of internal passages within the ________ system.
muscular
digestive
respiratory
nervous
Fill in the blank: Internal eye muscles adjust the size of the ________.
pupils
retina
cornea
lens
Fill in the blank: Facial muscles contribute to the expression of ________.
emotions
bones
hormones
enzymes
What is the diaphragm / thoracic diaphragm? Fill in the blank: The diaphragm is a ______-shaped sheet of muscle and tendon that functions as the main respiratory muscle with a vital role in the breathing process.
dome
cube
cylinder
pyramid
What important anatomical function does the diaphragm serve? Fill in the blank: The diaphragm serves as an important anatomical marker that separates the ______ from the abdomen.
thorax
pelvis
spine
heart
Where is the origin of the diaphragm located? Fill in the blank: The origin of the diaphragm is located along the ______ vertebrae of the spine and the lower edge of the ribs and sternum.
lumbar
cervical
thoracic
sacral
Which of the following structures pass through the openings in the diaphragm?
Esophagus
Phrenic nerve
Descending aorta
Inferior vena cava
All of the above
Look at the diagram labeled 'Breathing process'. What is the main function of the diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts and moves downward to increase the chest cavity volume.
It relaxes and moves upward to decrease the chest cavity volume.
It contracts and moves upward to decrease the chest cavity volume.
It relaxes and moves downward to increase the chest cavity volume.
Fill in the blank: The diaphragm separates the _______ cavity from the abdominal cavity.
thoracic
pelvic
cranial
vertebral
Which labeled structure in the diagram is responsible for allowing food to pass from the mouth to the stomach?
(a)
The diaphragm muscle plays a key role in the process of exhalation by relaxing and moving upward.
True
False
Name two major blood vessels that pass through the diaphragm.
Inferior vena cava and aorta
Pulmonary vein and carotid artery
Jugular vein and subclavian artery
Renal artery and femoral vein
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation (inspiration)?
It relaxes and curves upward
It contracts and moves downward, flattening out and expanding the chest cavity
It remains unchanged
It contracts and curves upward
What is the main function of the diaphragm during exhaling?
When exhaling, the diaphragm relaxes and curves upward, reducing the size of the chest cavity and helping the lungs push air out.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest cavity and drawing air in.
The diaphragm remains stationary, having no effect on the chest cavity during exhaling.
The diaphragm contracts and pushes downward, increasing the pressure in the abdominal cavity.
Which of the following is NOT a non-respiratory function of the diaphragm?
A) Body cavity divider
B) Trunk stability
C) Regulating intra-abdominal pressure
D) Oxygen transport
The diaphragm helps regulate pressure within the abdomen, which is important for various digestive functions and assists with straining.
True
False
Name one vital organ or structure that passes through the diaphragm.
Aorta, esophagus, inferior vena cava, or phrenic nerve
Femur, patella, tibia, or fibula
Radius, ulna, humerus, or scapula
Trachea, bronchi, alveoli, or pleura
What uncomfortable condition can be prevented by the diaphragm?
Hiccups
Headache
Cough
Sneezing
Explain how the diaphragm acts as a body cavity divider.
The diaphragm acts as a divider between the chest cavity (containing the heart and lungs) and the abdominal cavity (containing the digestive organs).
The diaphragm separates the left and right sides of the chest cavity.
The diaphragm divides the abdominal cavity into upper and lower sections.
The diaphragm acts as a divider between the heart and the liver.
How do the diaphragm muscles contribute to trunk stability?
The diaphragm muscles contract during daily activities and contribute to body stability and posture.
The diaphragm muscles only help in breathing and do not affect trunk stability.
The diaphragm muscles relax to destabilize the trunk during movement.
The diaphragm muscles are not involved in posture or stability at all.
Which of the following is NOT an essential bodily function regulated by abdominal muscles?
A) Breathing
B) Laughing
C) Reading
D) Childbirth
Fill in the blank: Abdominal muscles help stabilize the trunk and maintain consistent internal ______ in the abdomen.
pressure
temperature
oxygen
fluid
Select two bodily functions that require an increase in abdominal pressure regulated by abdominal muscles.
Defecation and childbirth
Breathing and blinking
Hearing and tasting
Walking and running
Abdominal muscles help support the spine and trunk during walking, sitting down, standing up, or twisting from side to side.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Abdominal muscles hold the internal organs in place and protect them, including the stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, ______ and other organs.
gallbladder
lung
kidney
heart
Which of the following is a function of abdominal muscles?
Maintain body posture
Provide core support
Both A and B
None of the above
What are the names of the two vertical abdominal muscles?
Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
Transversus abdominis and internal oblique
External oblique and transversus abdominis
Internal oblique and external oblique
Which muscle goes down either side of the middle of the abdomen from ribs to the front of pelvis and is divided into two segments by the linea alba?
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Transversus abdominis
Latissimus dorsi
What is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?
Rectus abdominis holds the internal organs in place and keeps the body stable during movement.
Rectus abdominis is responsible for flexing the knee joint.
Rectus abdominis helps in the movement of the shoulder joint.
Rectus abdominis is involved in the extension of the elbow.
The rectus abdominis may form bumps sometimes called a 'six-pack' when someone has a trim, fit abdomen ('abs').
True
False
Which muscle is small, shaped like a triangle, located at the base of the pubic bone, and helps maintain internal pressure in the abdomen?
Pyramidalis
Rectus abdominis
Obturator internus
Iliacus
About what percentage of people do not have pyramidalis muscles?
About 20%
About 5%
About 50%
About 35%
Which of the following is the largest of the flat abdominal muscles?
A) External obliques
B) Internal obliques
C) Transversus abdominis
Fill in the blank: The __________ are the deepest of the flat abdominal muscles, layered on top of internal obliques.
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Serratus anterior
The internal obliques are located on top of the external obliques, just inside the hip bones.
True
False
What is the most common condition affecting the abdominal muscles?
Hernia
Prune belly syndrome
Abdominal strains
Muscle tear
Abdominal strains can occur due to which of the following?
Overstretching of your muscles
Overuse of the abdomen
Quick, violent twisting of your trunk
Eating spicy food
Fill in the blank: Abdominal strains are also called a ______ abdominal muscle.
pulled
torn
stretched
sprained
What is a hernia?
When an internal organ pushes through a weak spot in your muscle
When your muscle grows stronger
When your muscle tears completely
When your muscle gets infected
Which area is commonly affected by an inguinal hernia?
Chest
Groin
Arm
Leg
Prune belly syndrome is a condition in which a newborn has absent or weak ______ wall muscles at birth.
abdominal
thoracic
cranial
pelvic
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prune belly syndrome?
Wrinkled belly
Undescended testicle
Urinary system problems
Strong abdominal muscles
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes
Stores ingested food and releases it into the small intestine
Mechanically breaks down food and mixes it with gastric secretions
Absorbs most nutrients from food
The stomach only absorbs certain medications (like aspirin) and small amounts of alcohol.
True
False
Stomach acid is very acidic and contains enzymes that break down proteins.
True
False
Vomiting is the result of reverse peristalsis in the stomach.
True
False
Fill in the blank: The stomach produces about ______ of gastric juice every day.
2L
200mL
5L
500mL
Intense pain in any part of the body inhibits motility throughout the digestive tract.
True
False
How do gastric muscles facilitate chemical digestion? By breaking down food and mixing it with _______, the muscles create the optimal environment for chemical breakdown.
enzymes
blood
oxygen
bile
What is the role of gastric muscles in propelling food? They move the food pulp towards the _______ for further digestion and nutrient absorption.
small intestine
large intestine
stomach
esophagus
How many distinct layers of smooth muscle does the stomach wall contain?
One
Two
Three
Four
The ________ layer of the stomach is unique and crucial for the churning action of the stomach.
Inner Oblique Layer
Outer Longitudinal Layer
Middle Circular Layer
Mucosal Layer
Which layer of the stomach wall helps with the coordinated muscle contractions of peristalsis?
Outer Longitudinal Layer
Middle Circular Layer
Inner Oblique Layer
None of the above
The function of the Middle Circular Layer in the stomach wall is:
to mix and churn the stomach contents
to secrete digestive enzymes
to absorb nutrients
to protect the stomach lining
Muscle movement begins when the brain sends a nerve impulse to a muscle fiber, triggering a chain reaction that causes myosin and actin filaments to slide past each other within the muscle's basic units, the sarcomeres. This sliding action shortens the sarcomeres and the entire muscle, converting chemical energy into the kinetic energy of motion.
Calcium Release
Nerve Signal Initiation
Filament Sliding
Muscle Contraction and Movement
Fill in the blank: The nerve impulse causes the release of a chemical messenger, ________, at the neuromuscular junction.
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
norepinephrine
Muscle movement begins when the brain sends a nerve impulse to a muscle fiber, triggering a chain reaction that causes myosin and actin filaments to slide past each other within the muscle's basic units, the sarcomeres. This sliding action shortens the sarcomeres and the entire muscle, converting chemical energy into the kinetic energy of motion.
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Fill in the blank: Released calcium ions interact with proteins on the thin actin filaments, allowing the myosin 'heads' on the thick filaments to bind to the ________.
actin
troponin
myosin
tropomyosin
What happens when the nerve impulse stops during muscle movement?
The muscle contracts further
Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The myosin heads bind to actin
The sarcomere shortens
Based on the number of muscle heads, skeletal muscles are divided into which three groups?
Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps
Hamstrings, Calves, Glutes
Deltoids, Pectorals, Abdominals
Trapezius, Latissimus, Rhomboids
Fill in the blank: The muscle group with two heads is called the _______.
Biceps
Triceps
Quadriceps
Deltoid
Fill in the blank: The muscle group with three heads is called the _______.
Triceps
Biceps
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Fill in the blank: The muscle group with four heads is called the _______.
Quadriceps
Biceps
Triceps
Hamstrings
In the diagram, when the biceps contracts, what happens to the triceps?
Triceps contracts
Triceps relaxes
Both contract
Both relax
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Synergistic muscles. What is the function of synergistic muscles?
Synergistic muscles assist other muscles in performing a movement.
Synergistic muscles inhibit the movement of other muscles.
Synergistic muscles are responsible for producing hormones.
Synergistic muscles store energy for the body.
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Antagonistic muscles. What is the function of antagonistic muscles?
Antagonistic muscles oppose the action of another muscle.
Antagonistic muscles help in digestion.
Antagonistic muscles produce hormones.
Antagonistic muscles store energy.
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Adductor muscles. What is the function of adductor muscles?
Adductor muscles move a limb toward the midline of the body.
Adductor muscles move a limb away from the midline of the body.
Adductor muscles help in the extension of a limb.
Adductor muscles are responsible for flexing the limb.
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Abductor muscles. What is the function of abductor muscles?
Abductor muscles move a limb away from the midline of the body.
Abductor muscles move a limb towards the midline of the body.
Abductor muscles help in flexing the limb.
Abductor muscles are responsible for extending the limb.
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Flexor muscles (decreasing angle). What is the function of flexor muscles?
Flexor muscles decrease the angle between bones at a joint.
Flexor muscles increase the angle between bones at a joint.
Flexor muscles help in the extension of bones at a joint.
Flexor muscles stabilize the bones without movement.
Based on functions, muscles are classified into: Extensor muscles (angle increases). What is the function of extensor muscles?
Extensor muscles increase the angle between bones at a joint.
Extensor muscles decrease the angle between bones at a joint.
Extensor muscles help in the contraction of the heart.
Extensor muscles are responsible for digestion.
