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Unit 4 - Chapter G - Molecular Biology

Total questions: 136

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

Helicase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

DNA polymerase

2.

What is the main function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

b)

To serve as a template for protein synthesis

c)

To unwind the DNA double helix

d)

To splice out introns

3.

During transcription, which molecule is synthesised?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Protein

4.

Where does translation occur in the cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi apparatus

5.

What are exons?

a)

Non-coding regions of DNA

b)

Coding regions of DNA that remain in mRNA

c)

Enzymes involved in DNA replication

d)

Proteins that regulate gene expression

6.

Which process removes introns from pre-mRNA?

a)

Replication

b)

Splicing

c)

Translation

d)

Transcription

7.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

a)

Unwinds the DNA helix

b)

Synthesises new DNA strands

c)

Joins Okazaki fragments

d)

Removes primers

8.

Which of the following best describes an intron?

a)

A sequence that codes for protein

b)

A non-coding sequence removed from pre-mRNA

c)

A ribosomal subunit

d)

A type of tRNA

9.

What is the first step in gene expression?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Splicing

10.

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

a)

Thymine

b)

Uracil

c)

Adenine

d)

Guanine

11.

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

a)

To carry the genetic code from DNA

b)

To bring amino acids to the ribosome

c)

To synthesise mRNA

d)

To splice out introns

12.

Which of the following is NOT a step in DNA replication?

a)

Unwinding of the double helix

b)

Synthesis of a new strand

c)

Splicing of exons

d)

Formation of Okazaki fragments

13.

What is a codon?

a)

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA

b)

A protein that regulates gene expression

c)

A segment of DNA that is removed during splicing

d)

An enzyme involved in replication

14.

Which enzyme synthesises the RNA primer during DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA primase

c)

Ligase

d)

Helicase

15.

What is the main purpose of gene expression regulation?

a)

To ensure all genes are expressed at all times

b)

To control when and how much a gene is expressed

c)

To replicate DNA

d)

To synthesise ribosomes

16.

Which strand of DNA is used as a template during transcription?

a)

Coding strand

b)

Non-coding (template) strand

c)

Both strands

d)

Neither strand

17.

What is the product of translation?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

Protein

d)

tRNA

18.

Which of the following is true about Okazaki fragments?

a)

They are synthesised on the leading strand

b)

They are synthesised on the lagging strand

c)

They are found in RNA only

d)

They are exons

19.

What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?

a)

It codes for protein

b)

It signals where transcription should begin

c)

It removes introns

d)

It synthesises tRNA

20.

Which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

21.

Which of the following is NOT involved in translation?

a)

Ribosome

b)

tRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

DNA polymerase

22.

What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

a)

Unwinds the DNA helix

b)

Joins Okazaki fragments together

c)

Synthesises RNA primers

d)

Removes introns

23.

Which process converts the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Splicing

24.

Which of the following best describes gene expression?

a)

The process of copying DNA into RNA

b)

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesise a functional product

c)

The removal of introns from mRNA

d)

The joining of Okazaki fragments

25.

Which of the following is removed from pre-mRNA during processing?

a)

Exons

b)

Introns

c)

Codons

d)

Promoters

26.

What is the start codon for translation in most organisms?

a)

UAA

b)

AUG

c)

UGA

d)

UAG

27.

Which of the following is a mechanism of gene expression regulation?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Transcription factors binding to DNA

c)

Okazaki fragment formation

d)

DNA ligase activity

28.

What is the complementary RNA sequence to the DNA sequence 5'-ATG-3'?

a)

5'-UAC-3'

b)

5'-TAC-3'

c)

5'-AUG-3'

d)

5'-CAT-3'

29.

Which of the following is NOT a function of mRNA?

a)

Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

b)

Serving as a template for protein synthesis

c)

Bringing amino acids to the ribosome

d)

Containing codons for translation

30.

Which process ensures that only exons remain in the mature mRNA?

a)

Replication

b)

Splicing

c)

Translation

d)

Transcription

31.

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesising the new RNA strand during transcription?

a)

Helicase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

Ligase

32.

What is the function of ribosomes during protein synthesis?

a)

To remove introns from pre-mRNA

b)

To replicate DNA

c)

To join amino acids together to form a protein

d)

To unwind the DNA double helix

33.

Which molecule acts as an adaptor by matching an mRNA codon with the correct amino acid?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

34.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

35.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

36.

What enzyme does transcription use?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

37.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

38.
What is occurring in this picture?
a)
Translation
b)
Replication
c)
Translocation
d)
Transcription
39.
True or false:  RNA is double-stranded.
a)
true
b)
false
c)
it depends on the type
40.

Where does transcription take place? Check all that apply.

a)

nucleus of eukaryotes

b)

nucleus of prokaryotes

c)

cytoplasm prokaryotes

d)

smooth ER

41.

What is the building block, monomer, of the biomolecule, Nucleic Acid?

a)
b)
c)
d)
42.

RNA must be edited before it can be used to make Proteins, what happens during this editing process?

a)

A spliceosome cuts out exons, reconnects the introns

b)

A spliceosome cuts out the introns, reconnects the exons

c)

A splicesome pairs nucleotides with the DNA base pairs

d)

The RNA is checked for typos

43.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
44.
Which process is used to copy DNA in the nucleus?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
45.

RNA contains which sugar?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

glucose

d)

fructose

46.

Where on the DNA strand does RNA polymerase attach?

a)

Complainer

b)

Enforcer

c)

Promotor site (TATA box)

d)

Polymerator

47.

The______ region lies towards the 3'end of the coding sequence of DNA since the transcript is made ___.

a)

Promoter, 5'-3'

b)

Terminator, 5'-3'

c)

Promotor, 3'-5'

d)

Structural genes, 3'-5'

48.

Removal of noncoding sequences from the pre-RNA is called

a)

Capping

b)

Splicing

c)

Tailing

d)

Spooling

49.

Capping is addition of _____ towards the 5' end of mRNA

a)

Methyl cytosine

b)

the GTP cap

c)

GDP tail

d)

poly - A tail

50.

A poly A tail is added to the mRNA (check both answers that apply)

a)

by accident, the enzyme RNAP is stuck and adds more A's

b)

to provide time for the mRNA to be read in the cytoplasm before it is generated

c)

so that RNA'se enzymes (exonucleases) will cut off A's and leaving the coding sequence in tac longer.

d)

to provide direction out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

51.

Select the true statement.

a)

The whole DNA antisense strand is transcribed

b)

Both sides of the DNA strands are encoded into mRNA.

c)

The gene section of a DNA antisense strand is transcribed.

d)

The gene section of the double helix is transcribed.

52.

Which statement is true?

a)

A gene is expressed all the time.

b)

All genes in our chromosomes are expressed at the same time frame of life.

c)

A gene is expressed when needed, otherwise it is 'silent'.

d)

All genes are expressed all the time.

53.

The triplet code, codon, that signals the start of a code in mRNA is __.

a)

GGG

b)

AUG

c)

AUU

d)

Did we do this already? yes, yes it is there...in your pogil

54.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
55.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
56.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
57.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

58.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

59.

What enzyme does transcription use?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

60.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

61.
What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?
a)
phosphate
b)
nitrogenous base
c)
deoxyribose
d)
sugar
62.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TTACCG, the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule will be
a)
AATGGC
b)
TTACCG
c)
AACGGC
d)
AATGGG
63.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
64.

What happens to mRNA at the end of transcription before it leaves the nucleus?

a)

It is translated into protein.

b)

Introns are removed, and exons are spliced together.

c)

It is degraded by enzymes.

d)

It is converted into DNA.

65.

What is the function of exons in mRNA?

a)

They are noncoding regions.

b)

They are coding regions for proteins.

c)

They are involved in DNA replication.

d)

They are responsible for mRNA degradation.

66.

What is the role of tRNA during the process of translation?

a)

It brings amino acids to the ribosomes.

b)

It carries the genetic code from DNA.

c)

It forms the structure of ribosomes.

d)

It synthesizes mRNA.

67.

Where do matching anticodons on tRNA molecules bind during translation?

a)

P site

b)

E site

c)

A site

d)

mRNA binding site

68.

What happens to tRNA after its amino acid is dropped off?

a)

It moves to the P site.

b)

It moves to the E site and leaves.

c)

It stays in the A site.

d)

It is degraded immediately.

69.

When does the process of translation stop?

a)

When a start codon is reached.

b)

When a stop codon is reached.

c)

When the ribosome is full.

d)

When all tRNA molecules are used.

70.

What happens once the stop codon is reached in protein synthesis?

a)

The amino acid chain is released and folded.

b)

The amino acid chain is destroyed.

c)

The amino acid chain is duplicated.

d)

The amino acid chain is shortened.

71.

What is added to the 3' end of mRNA during editing within the nucleus?

a)

Guanine cap

b)

Poly A tail

c)

Introns

d)

Start codon

72.

Where is mRNA sent after being edited in the nucleus?

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cytoplasm and ribosome

d)

Nucleus

73.

What is the role of tRNA in the ribosome?

a)

To edit mRNA

b)

To create a stop codon

c)

To read mRNA and create an amino acid strand

d)

To disassemble the ribosome complex

74.

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

a)

mRNA is edited

b)

Ribosome complex disassembles

c)

Start codon is found

d)

Amino acid chain is folded

75.

Where can the amino acid chain be folded after translation?

a)

In the nucleus

b)

In the Golgi apparatus

c)

In the membrane of RER or in the cytoplasm

d)

In the mitochondria

76.

When the mRNA sequence leave the nucleus, what organelle does it travel to?

a)

mitochondria

b)

smooth ER

c)

ribosome

d)

vacuole

77.

What best explains the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation?

a)

anticodons on the mRNA line up with complementary codons on the tRNA

b)

anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA

c)

tRNA attach amino acids to the complementary mRNA sequence

d)

mRNA attach amino acids to the complementary tRNA sequence

78.

What does tRNA "transfer"?

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

AUG

79.

What do amino acids come together to join?

a)

a growing polypeptide chain (protein)

b)

a growing lipid

c)

a growing carbohydrate

d)

a growing nucleic acid

80.

codons are located on __________

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

snRNA

81.

anti-codons are located on __________

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

snRNA

82.

How many nucleotides make up a single codon?

a)

3

b)

5

c)

4

d)

1

83.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


AUU

a)

Methionine

b)

Isoleucine

c)

Histidine

d)

Arginine

84.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


CAU

a)

Methionine

b)

Isoleucine

c)

Histidine

d)

Arginine

85.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


UAA

a)

STOP

b)

Phenylalanine

c)

Valine

d)

Aspartic acid

86.
The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called
a)
transcription
b)
transformation
c)
translation
d)
molecular biology
87.
Which of the following describes RNA?
a)
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine
b)
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil
c)
RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information
d)
RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions
88.
In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
a)
nucleotide
b)
enzyme
c)
amino acid
d)
promoter
89.

What type of bonds are forming during translation?

a)

Peptide bonds (covalent)

b)

Hydrogen bonds

c)

Acid bonds

d)

ionic bonds

90.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
91.

Which process does this picture show?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Replication

92.
What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG?
a)
GTC
b)
GUC
c)
CUG
d)
CAG
93.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
94.

Overall, protein synthesis consists of these steps

a)

DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and transcription

b)

transcription and translation

c)

DNA synthesis, transcription and translation

95.
What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?
a)
Monosacchrides
b)
Polysaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
Triglycerides
96.
the base that pairs with Thymine in DNA
a)
adenine
b)
guanine
c)
helicase
d)
nucleotide
97.
nitrogen base that pairs with guanine
a)
adenine
b)
cytosine
c)
nucloetide
d)
deoxyribose
98.
the process of making a copy of DNA
a)
transcription
b)
double helix
c)
DNA replication
d)
replication fork
99.
The shape of DNA.
a)
double helix
b)
nucleotide
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
single stranded
100.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
101.
What will the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT?
a)
AACGATA
b)
TTCGTTA
c)
CCTGATA
d)
TTCGATA
102.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
103.

What is a gene?

a)

A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into

b)

something inside the nucleus

c)

a section/piece of DNA

d)

all of your DNA

104.

If we think of DNA as a ladder, which parts are the steps of the ladder?

a)

the nitrogen base pairs

b)

the phosphate-sugar backbone

c)

the genes

105.

What does this image represent?

a)

Chromosome

b)

Gene

c)

Nucleus

d)

Nitrogen Bases

106.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
107.
A DNA nucleotide contains all of the following, except...
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Phosphate group
c)
Nitrogenous base
d)
Cholesterol
108.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double helix
b)
Triple helix
c)
Flat, bilayer
d)
Three-pronged rigid ladder
109.

When DNA is replicated, the result is

a)

1 old double helix and 1 new

b)

2 double helixes. Each with 1 old and 1 new strand

c)

1 double helix

d)

2 new double helixes

110.

What part of the cell cycle does replication occur?

a)

S phase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

G1

111.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
112.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
113.
If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine, what is the correct percentage of Guanine?
a)
30
b)
15
c)
20
d)
60
114.

What are DNA and RNA nucleotides made of?

a)

Sugar, Phosphate, and Nitrogenous Base

b)

Phosphate, Adenine, and Nitrogenous Base

c)

Sugar and Phosphate

d)

Phosphate and Nitrogenous Base

115.

Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?

a)

It is shaped as a double helix.

b)

It contains ribose sugar.

c)

It is made of amino acids.

d)

It is single-stranded.

116.

Which of the following answers correctly pairs the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

a)

Adenine = Thymine & Cytosine = Guanine

b)

Adenine = Uracil & Cytoplasm = Guanine

c)

Adenine = Cytosine & Uracil = Guanine

d)

Adenine = Cytosine & Thymine = Guanine

117.

Which of the following statements is correct?

a)

DNA and RNA must stay inside the cell nucleus.

b)

DNA stays in the cell nucleus and RNA can leave the nucleus.

c)

RNA stays in the cell nucleus and DNA can leave the nucleus.

d)

DNA and RNA can go into and out of the cell nucleus.

118.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this DNA template strand?

ATG TGA CAG

a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

119.

In a DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine is always equal to the amount of:

a)

Cytosine.

b)

Guanine.

c)

Thymine.

d)

Uracil.

120.

In a DNA molecule, the nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?

a)

Strong covalent bonds

b)

Weak covalent bonds

c)

Strong hydrogen bonds

d)

Weak hydrogen bonds

121.

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a)

each one with two original strands.

b)

each one with two new strands.

c)

each one with one new strand and one original strand.

d)

one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.

122.

What process synthesizes mRNA from DNA?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

DNA Replication

123.

What process goes from mRNA to a protein?

a)

Transcription

b)

rRNA

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Translation

124.

What mRNA sequence is made from the following DNA sequence?

GTAGTCA

a)

UATUAGA

b)

ACGACTG

c)

CAUCAGU

d)

CATCAGT

125.

What is the main function of a tRNA molecule?

a)

It carries the instructions to make proteins

b)

It forms part of the ribosomes

c)

It strings together complementary RNA and DNA strands

d)

It brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

126.

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Leucine

d)

Stop codon

127.

What process is going on in this photo?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

All the above

128.

Where in the cell does translation occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosome

d)

Chloroplast

129.

What is the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?

a)

Anticodon

b)

Codon

c)

Protein

130.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
131.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code?

AUG CCA GUA

a)

Met-Pro-Ala

b)

Met-Pro-Val

c)

Tyr-Gly-His

d)

Tyr-Gly-Arg

132.

How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides?

ATG GGA ACT CCA

a)

4

b)

2

c)

6

d)

12

133.

The tremendous variety of proteins is due to the:

a)

different sequences of DNA nucleotides.

b)

millions of possible codons in mRNA.

c)

millions of possible ways that amino acids can be ordered within a protein.

d)

millions of different kinds of tRNA.

134.

Which of the following is added to the 3' end of mRNA during processing?

a)

GTP cap

b)

Exon

c)

Methyl cytosine

d)

Poly-A tail

135.

During translation, what does the anticodon of tRNA pair with?

a)

The promoter region

b)

The ribosomal RNA

c)

The codon on mRNA

d)

The DNA template strand

136.

Which process converts the genetic information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids?

a)

Replication

b)

Splicing

c)

Transcription

d)

Translation

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