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Science 20 Unit C Review

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the many divisions of geologic time scale based on?

a)

Changes in the fossil record every billion years

b)

changes in the dossil recor debery million years

c)

gradual changes in the fossil record

d)

sudden changes in the fossil record

2.

Which is NOT a cause of a mass extinction event?

a)

meteorite collision

b)

severe hurricane

c)

tectonic activity

d)

volcanic activity

3.

Arrange the time periods from oldest to youngest.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

1)
2)
3)
4)
4.

Which is the smallest unit of geologic time?

a)

eon

b)

epoch

c)

era

d)

period

5.

Which is known as the age of mammals?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Precambrian

6.

Which contains the age of reptiles?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Precambrian

7.

Match the following

a)
1.

Cross-cutting intrusion

b)
2.

Inclusion

c)
3.

Cross-cutting fault

d)
4.

Superposition

8.

Reorder the following oldest to newest

a)

Layer H

b)

Layer F

c)

Fault XY

d)

Layer A

e)

Layer B

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
9.

New tectonic material is created at a

a)

Convergent boundary

b)

Transform boundary

c)

Divergent boundary

10.
When pressure builds between two tectonic plates, it can suddenly release causing a (an) ______________________
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano
c)
Convection Current
d)
Gravitational Pull
11.
During sea floor spreading, molten material rises up from the mantle...
a)
along the continents
b)
at the mid ocean ridges
c)
deep ocean trenches
d)
at north and south poles
12.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
13.

Arrange the following layers from outermost layer to the inner most

a)

lithosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

outer core

e)

inner core

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
14.

Match the layer and its characteristics

a)

Lithosphere

1.

Rigid rock

b)

Asthenosphere

2.

Plasticine rock

c)

Outer core

3.

Liquid iron

d)

Inner core

4.

Solid iron

15.

What is the biggest source of the convection currents in the Earth

a)

Friction

b)

Pressure

c)

Radioactive decay

d)

Leftover heat from the formation of the Earth

16.

A factor that likely led to the Cretaceous Extinction was a

a)

long term drought

b)

sudden reduction in oxygen levels

c)

drastic cooling of global climate

d)

sudden increase in global temperatures

17.

Use the graph to fill in the table. Data from measurements of the oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio of Foraminifera fossils indicates that average deep-ocean temperatures over the past 50 million years have been

a)

increasing

b)

decreasing

c)

staying the same

d)

vaarying

18.

The Pleistocene Epoch, from 1.7 million years ago to 10 000 years ago, was marked by

a)

a lack of oxygen

b)

the presence of warm, tropical seas

c)

the southern movement of the North American continent

d)

the formation of glaciers that covered parts of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere

19.

Starting on pg. 383, complete the following questions (they will be in order)

How old are the earliest signs of human existence in North America?

a)

5000 years

b)

10 000 years

c)

12 000 years

d)

16 000 years

20.

If you've lost your spot, the answer is on pg. 385

Some European countries are warmer than Canada even though they are just as far north as Canada. This is because these European countries have

a)

more hours of sunshine

b)

winds that blow from the north

c)

ocean currents that transfer heat from the tropics

d)

larger amounts of rainfall

21.

Variations in Earth’s orbit, the tilt of the axis of rotation, and the wobble of the axis of rotation over Earth’s geological history are believed to

a)

cause warm periods

b)

cause cold periods

c)

control the timing of glaciation periods

d)

be the sole cause of glaciation periods

22.

Which statement about CO2 levels and average global temperatures over Earth’s history corresponds to the geological evidence?

a)

The CO2 level increases and the average global temperature increases.

b)

The CO2 level increases and the average global temperature decreases

c)

The CO2 level decreases and the average global temperature increases.

d)

The CO2 level and the average global temperature both stay the same.

23.

The sun always shines with the same intensity.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

Over Earth's 4.5 billion year history, the average temperature has remained constant.

a)

True

b)

False

25.
This layer of Earth is the thickest part
a)
crust
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
inner core
26.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
27.
Which layer of Earth is located above the outer core?
a)
crust
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
lithosphere
28.
The _________ is the thinnest layer of Earth.
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
29.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
a)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
b)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
c)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
d)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
30.
What type of rock is formed when magma and lava cools and hardens?
a)
minerals
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
31.

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

volcano

d)

earthquake

32.

Scientific law that states in horizontal sedimentary rock, the oldest layers are at the bottom

a)

intrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

superposition

33.

An intrusion is always ___________ than the rock layers around it and beneath it

a)

younger

b)

older

34.

In the diagram which rock layer is probably the oldest?

a)

layer 1

b)

layer 2

c)

layer 5

d)

layer 6

35.
Based on the Law of Superposition, what can be concluded about fossils?
a)
fossils give clues about past climate patterns
b)
Fossils form from the hard parts of organisms
c)
The oldest fossils are found in the lowest rock layers
d)
The most recent fossils were advanced organisms
36.
The best index fossils have which two traits?
a)
widespread geographically, long lifespan
b)
widespread geographically, short lifespan
c)
specific place, long lifespan
d)
specific place, short lifespan
37.
Which body wave is pictured?
a)
P-Wave
b)
S-Wave
c)
Rayleigh Wave
d)
Love Wave
38.
We use this tool to measure seismic waves during earthquakes
a)
Seismographs
b)
magnitude
c)
actual magnitude
d)
sonograph
39.
This is the area beneath the Earth's surface where the earthquake begins
a)
epicenter
b)
focus
c)
fault line
d)
tectonic plate
40.
P Waves travel through...
a)
Solids
b)
Liquids
c)
Both
41.
S Waves travel through...
a)
Soilds
b)
Liquids
c)
Both
42.
Energy from an Earthquake travels as.....
a)
seismic waves
b)
intergalactic waves
c)
sound waves
d)
plasma waves
43.
What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?
a)
convection currents in the mantle
b)
volcanic and seismic activity in the crust
c)
strong winds and storms
d)
rotation of the solid core
44.

Which era was the longest, taking up 88% of geologic time?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

45.
Paleozoic is an example of_________.
a)
an epoch
b)
an era
c)
a period
d)
an eon
46.
Name the 4 time frames in order from oldest to youngest.
a)
Precambrian Time, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Cenozoic Era
b)
Mesozoic Era, Precambrian time, Cenozoic Era, Paleozoic Era
c)
Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Precambrian Time, Cenozoic
47.
The time it takes for 50% of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay to its stable isotope is called _____.
a)
the daughter product
b)
geologic time
c)
the half-life
d)
the half-time
48.
According to the graph, what fraction of the original parent isotope still exists after 3 half lives?
a)
0,5000 g
b)
0,2500 g
c)
0,1250 g
d)
0.0625 g
49.
Using ESRT (A) [Radioactive Decay Data], what is the half-life in standard notation of carbon-14?
a)
5,700 years
b)
57,000 years
c)
570,000 years
d)
5,700,000 years
50.
The graph shows the radioactive decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope. 
 According to the graph, what is the half-life of this isotope? 
a)
100 years
b)
150 years
c)
200 years
d)
300 years
51.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Forest fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

52.
The Richter scale measures:
a)
the amount of radon gas released
b)
the movement of plates
c)
the strength of an earthquake
d)
the weight of tectonic plates
53.
Which travels fastest, always being the first detected by seismic stations?
a)
P waves
b)
S waves
54.
How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earthquake compared to magnitude 7 one on the Richter Scale?
a)
1 time bigger
b)
10 times bigger
c)
100 times bigger
d)
1000 times bigger
55.

In what type of rock do we find fossils?

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

igneous

d)

volcanic

56.

The dating process that puts geologic events in a proper sequence is known as

a)

temporary dating

b)

radiometric dating

c)

relative dating

d)

temporary dating

57.

A sedimentary layer of sandstone contains inclusions of granite. Which rock is older, the sandstone or the granite

a)

the sandstone

b)

the granite

c)

both are the same age

d)

it's impossible to know

58.

What is the oldest rock layer in this formation?

a)

rock layer A

b)

intrusion K

c)

rock layer J

d)

cross cut L

59.

What is the youngest feature in this formation?

a)

rock layer A

b)

intrusion K

c)

rock layer J

d)

cross cut L

60.

Dinosaur footprints are what type of fossil?

a)

unaltered remains

b)

mold

c)

carbonized remains

d)

trace fossil

61.

What is the best environment for fossils to form?

a)

slow burial and soft parts

b)

rapid burial and hard parts

c)

rapid burial and soft parts

d)

slow burial and hard parts

62.

The process by which atomic nuclei spontaneously decay is called

a)

relative dating

b)

radio active decay

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

63.

A rock sample is brought to the lab and it is determined that 1/16th of the original parent isotope remains in the rock. Using the chart above, determine the age of the sample if the half-life is 1 million years.

a)

1 million years old

b)

2 million years old

c)

3 million years old

d)

4 million years old

64.

The Earth is how old?

a)

2 billion years old

b)

4.56 billion years old

c)

13.4 billion years old

d)

4.56 million years old

65.

The majority of the Earth's history is in what geologic time period?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

66.

One of the most common Precambrian fossils are layered mounds of calcium carbonate called ....

a)

prokaryotes

b)

stromatolites

c)

trilobites

d)

chert

67.

Which gas was not part of Earth's original atmosphere?

a)

water vapor

b)

nitrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

carbon dioxide

68.

When did fossil evidence become abundant in the geologic record, also known as the Cambrian Explosion?

a)

5 billion years ago

b)

540 million years ago

c)

65 million years ago

d)

300 million years ago

69.

In the early Paleozoic period of time, life was restricted to the

a)

seas

b)

air

c)

continents

d)

islands

70.

What is the current geologic period of time?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Tertiary

c)

Quaternary

d)

Silurian

71.

What is the relationship between fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect?

a)

burning fossil fuels decreases the absorption capacity of greenhouse gases

b)

burning fossil fuels lowers the greenhouse effect

c)

burning fossil fuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect

d)

burning fossil fuels decreases incoming solar radiation

72.

During the 20th century, Earth's average surface temperature

a)

increased

b)

fluctuated wildly

c)

stayed the same

d)

decreased

73.

Which of the following events would likely lead to a decrease in average global temperatures?

a)

volcanic activity

b)

increase in sunspots

c)

increase in carbon dioxide concentration

d)

all of these

74.

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

a)

nitrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

argon

d)

carbon dioxide

75.

What layer of the atmosphere contains the Ozone Layer?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

76.

The heating of the lower layer of the atmosphere from radiation absorbed by certain heat absorbing gases is called..

a)

the adiabatic effect

b)

the greenhouse effect

c)

the photosynthesis effect

d)

the smog effect

77.

Earth receives energy from the sun through what method of heat transfer?

a)

convection

b)

conduction

c)

radiation

d)

none of these

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