Unit 9 Review: Gas Laws

Front

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

Back

The Ideal Gas Law is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of an ideal gas: PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.

Front

What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume decreases at constant temperature?

Back

According to Boyle's Law, if the volume of a gas decreases while the temperature remains constant, the pressure of the gas increases.

Front

Define STP in terms of gas laws.

Back

STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure, which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) of pressure.

Front

What is Charles's Law?

Back

Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) when pressure is held constant: V1/T1 = V2/T2.

Front

Explain Avogadro's Law.

Back

Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules.

Front

What is the relationship between pressure and temperature in Gay-Lussac's Law?

Back

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when volume is held constant: P1/T1 = P2/T2.

Front

How does a real gas differ from an ideal gas?

Back

Real gases have intermolecular forces and occupy space, while ideal gases are hypothetical and do not exhibit these properties.

Front

What is the significance of the gas constant (R) in the Ideal Gas Law?

Back

The gas constant (R) is a proportionality constant that relates the energy scale to the temperature scale in the Ideal Gas Law, with a value of 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol) or 8.314 J/(K·mol).

Front

What is the effect of increasing temperature on gas pressure in a closed container?

Back

Increasing the temperature of a gas in a closed container increases the pressure, as the gas molecules move faster and collide with the walls more frequently.

Front

Define Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

Back

Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.