AP Psych: Social Psychology

Fill in the Blank

_______can also distort your ...........

Open Ended

What do you think Social Psychologist do ?

Open Ended

What is Cognitive consistency ?

Poll

Have you ever been perceived by someone in a way that was not accurate ?

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

If you answer yes, explain.

If you answered no , why do you think this has never happened to you?

Open Ended

What is Self-Perception Theory. Give an example .

Open Ended

Define Prejudice:

Open Ended

define stereotype:

​conformity - changing one’s own behavior to match that of other people.

​Asch also found that the number of confederates mattered: Conformity increased with each new confederate until there were four confederates; more than that did not increase the participants’ tendency to conform. In a later experiment, Asch (1956) found that conformity greatly decreased if there was just one confederate who gave the correct answer—apparently, if participants knew that there was at least one other person whose answer agreed with their own, the evidence of their own eyes won out over the pressure to conform to the group.

​groupthink - the kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned.

​social impairment - the tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task.

​consumer psychology - branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace.

​compliance - changing one’s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change.

​foot-in-the-door technique - asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment.

​door-in-the-face technique - asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment.

​lowball technique - getting a commitment from a person and then raising the cost of that commitment.

​Cultural Differences in Compliance Cultural differences exist in people’s susceptibility to these techniques. For the foot-in-the door technique in particular, research has shown that people in individualistic cultures (such as the United States) are more likely to comply with the second request than are people in collectivistic cultures (such as Japan). The research suggests that people in collectivistic cultures are not as concerned with being consistent with previous behavior because they are less focused on their inner motivation than are people in individualistic cultures, who are more concerned with their inner motives and consistency

Multiple Choice

In Asch’s study, conformity decreased when a. at least four confederates were present. b. at least one confederate agreed with the participant. c. the participant was a male. d. the participant had high self-esteem.

• the participant had high self-esteem.

• at least one confederate agreed with the participant.

• the participant was a male.

• at least four confederates were present.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would not be effective in minimizing groupthink?

• Juanita works hard to remain impartial to all ideas no matter what they are.

• Karen openly invites input from all team members and even those outside her team.

• Annina reminds her team that everyone will be held responsible for the ultimate decision of her group.

• Caroline wants her team to openly vote by a show of hands either for or against her business plan.

Multiple Choice

One of the keys to deindividuation is a. group polarization. c. conformity. b. group protection. d. anonymity.

• anonymity.

• group polarization.

• conformity

• group protection.

Multiple Choice

Conner needs just $20 more to go out with his friends. He asks his mother for $50, but she tells him he can have $30 instead. In the end, Conner ended up with $10 more than he originally planned. What technique did Connor use?

• planned obedience

• lowball technique

• door-in-the-face technique

• foot-in-the-door technique

Multiple Choice

Follow-up research to Stanley Milgram’s original study has found that ___________ of “teachers” will deliver shocks up to the point of being lethal.

• 80 percent

• less than 30 percent

• 65 percent

• 40 percent

Open Ended

What are two new things you learned today and one question you have ?

​persuasion - the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation

• ​central-route processing - type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself.

• peripheral-route processing - type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors.

• cognitive dissonance - sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person’s behavior does not correspond to that person’s attitudes.

​attribution theory - the theory of how people make attributions.

• ​situational cause - cause of behavior attributed to external factors, such as delays, the action of others, or some other aspect of the situation.

• dispositional cause - cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character.

Multiple Select

Which of the following represents the affective component of an attitude?

• “I love to go to the clubs—it makes me so happy!”

• “Tonight, we’re going to that new club downtown.”

• “It is interesting to watch people when I’m out at a club.”

• “I’m going to wear a new outfit to the club tonight.”

Multiple Choice

Erin hates snakes, even though she has never been bitten or been close to one. She developed her feelings by seeing how scared her mother was when she came across them in the garden or even when watching a movie or television show in which there was a snake. Erin’s attitude toward snakes was most likely acquired through

• direct contact.

• interaction with others

• direct instruction.

• vicarious conditioning.

Multiple Choice

One of your friends tells you, “I didn’t like the environmental-awareness presentation today. First of all, it was too long, not to mention the person that gave it was drinking out of a polystyrene cup and drove away in a huge SUV.” What kind of processing might your friend be using?

• central-route processing

• peripheral-route processing

• cognitive-route processing

• visual-route processing

Multiple Choice

Kohanna thinks that everyone who smiles must always be happy, and those people who are quiet must be naturally shy. Such assumptions are the basis for

• stereotypes.

• implicit personality theory.

• attribution theory.

• attitudes.

Multiple Choice

Caleb almost always shows up late for work. His friends attribute this to Caleb’s laziness. This is an example of a __________ cause.

• situational

• dispensational

• dispositional

• superficial

Multiple Choice

How might someone who unknowingly is committing the fundamental attribution error explain Stanley Milgram’s obedience study?

• Subjects in that study were highly influenced by the power of Milgram and his team.

• Subjects in that study desired a high degree of positive reinforcement.

• Subjects in that study wanted to be part of Milgram’s group.

• Subjects in that study must have been the kind of people that like to hurt others.