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WorksheetsComprehensive Final Review Anatomy and Physiology
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is on the same level of organization as the brain?
a)
stomach
b)
nervous system
c)
protein molecule
d)
flower
2.
Organs and tissues that perform the same function is called _____________?
a)
cells
b)
tissues
c)
organ system
d)
organs
3.
A group of tissues that perform a similar function is called_____. (Examples include the heart, lungs or stomach)
a)
cells
b)
tissues
c)
organs
d)
organ system
4.
What is the correct order of organization
a)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
b)
cell-tissue-organs-organ systems-organism
c)
organism-cells-tissues-organ systems-organism
d)
tissues-cells-organs-organ sytems-organism
5.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that contract when stimulated?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d)
Nervous
6.
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with it's cell shape?
a)
Squamous - flattened, pancake
b)
Cuboidal - rectangular
c)
Columnar - flattened, pancake
d)
Columnar - cubed/square
7.
Squamous cells are found where?
a)
Blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
b)
Respiratory passages
c)
Ducts of glands
d)
Uterine tube
8.
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions?
a)
Exocrine cells secrete fluids into ducts; endocrine cells secrete fluids into the blood stream
b)
They are synonymous
c)
Exocrine cells secrete fluids to the outside of the body; endocrine cells secrete fluids into the inside of the body
d)
Exocrine cells secrete clear fluids; endocrine cells secrete opaque fluids
9.
Osteo means?
a)
Bone
b)
Bone tissue
c)
skin
d)
tissue
10.
How do Calcium and Phosphorus relate to the skeletal system?
a)
Calcium and Phosphorus are made by the skeletal sytem
b)
Calcium and Phosphorus are stored in the skeletal system
c)
Calcium and Phosphorus are toxic to the skeletal system
d)
There is no connection between the skeletal system, Calcium and Phosphorus
11.
What is the correct order of bone formation?
a)
Osteogenesis-Osteoclast-Osteoblasts
b)
Osteogenesis-Osteoblasts-Osteoclasts
12.
Is this the axial or appendicular skeleton?
a)
Axial
b)
Appendicular
13.
Is this the axial or appendicular skeleton?
a)
Axial
b)
Appendicular
14.
Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton
a)
Ribs
b)
Sacrum
c)
Clavicle
d)
Vertebrae
15.
Bones of the arms and legs, such as the humerus, femur, and tibia are part of which skeleton?
a)
Axial
b)
Appendicular
16.
Bones in the center of the body, such as the vertebrae, skull, and sternum are part of which skeleton?
a)
Axial
b)
Appendicular
17.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
a)
Thigh, Calf, & Shoulder
b)
Traps, Forearm, & Abs
c)
Hamstring, Biceps, & Triceps
d)
Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, & Skeletal Muscle
18.
Which muscle type is found in your stomach, bladder, and intestines?
a)
Skeletal
b)
Smooth
c)
Cardiac
d)
Straight
19.
Which type of muscle is found in your heart?
a)
Skeletal
b)
Smooth
c)
Cardiac
d)
Straight
20.
Which muscles are involuntary?
a)
skeletal
b)
cardiac
c)
smooth
d)
smooth and cardiac
21.
When a muscle contracts, it _______
a)
gets longer
b)
gets shorter
c)
gets thinner
d)
grows hair
22.
Which types of muscle tissue are voluntary?
a)
Cardiac
b)
Skeletal
c)
Smooth
d)
Cardiac and Smooth
23.
Skeletal muscles are attached to the _________.
a)
Stomach
b)
Lungs
c)
Bones
d)
Involuntary Muscles
24.
Muscle contraction is caused by
a)
actin filaments sliding past each other.
b)
actin filaments sliding past myosin filaments.
c)
myosin filaments sliding past each other.
d)
myelin filaments sliding past each other.
25.
Each myosin protein has a globular head that extends outward from the myosin filament.
a)
True
b)
False
26.
During contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to...
a)
the actin myofilament.
b)
the myosin myofilament.
c)
the tropomyosin molecule.
d)
the troponin molecule.
27.
An action potential enters a muscle cell…
a)
by the T-tubules.
b)
by the sarcolemma.
c)
by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d)
by diffusion.
28.
An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal of the neuron first causes...
a)
voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open, and sodium ions to diffuse into the neuron.
b)
voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, and calcium ions to diffuse into the neuron.
c)
ligand-gated sodium channels to open, and sodium ions to diffuse out of the neuron.
d)
acetylcholine to diffuse into the cell.
29.
In the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine...
a)
diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic muscle fiber.
b)
diffuses across the synaptic cleft and causes calcium ions to diffuse into the postsynaptic muscle fiber.
c)
diffuses across the synaptic cleft and causes sodium ions to diffuse out of the postsynaptic muscle fiber.
d)
is actively transported across the synaptic cleft and causes calcium ions to diffuse into the postsynaptic muscle fiber.
30.
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is
a)
Dopamine
b)
Adrenaline
c)
Acetylcholine
d)
Serotonin
31.
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the pre-synaptic side of a neuromuscular junction.
1. Calcium ions are released
2. Action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal
3. Neurotransmitter is released
1. Calcium ions are released
2. Action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal
3. Neurotransmitter is released
a)
2, 1, 3
b)
3, 2, 1
c)
1, 2, 3
d)
2, 3, 1
32.
What are specialized nerve endings that detect change inside and outside the body?
a)
interneurons
b)
receptors
c)
motor neurons
d)
reflex arc
33.
The spinal cord is protected by the _____?
a)
vertebrae
b)
skull
c)
lungs
d)
rib cage
34.
The impulse changes to _______________ as it moves ACROSS the synapse to other neurons.
a)
electrical
b)
chemical
c)
it stays the same
d)
liquid
35.
Which of the following is not a lobe of the brain?
a)
Parietal lobe
b)
Frontal lobe
c)
Coxal lobe
d)
Temporal lobe
36.
Which ions are the main source of depolarization in neurons?
a)
Potassium and calcium
b)
calcium and sodium
c)
Sodium and potassium
d)
Iron and sodium
37.
Nerve cells tell muscles what to do by using _______________.
a)
plasma
b)
spinal cord
c)
vertebra
d)
electrical impulses
38.
These are chemicals that carry a nerve impulse across the gap at the synapse of a neuron to another neuron
a)
enzymes
b)
stimuli
c)
hormones
d)
neurotransmitters
39.
What gland is known as the the master gland?
a)
Adrenal
b)
Pituitary
c)
Thyroid
d)
Thymus
40.
A nerve signal occurs when ___.
a)
sodium flows into the neuron
b)
potassium flows out of the neuron
c)
electrons flow across the membrane
d)
proteins flow out of the neuron
41.
Which formed elements are cell fragments?
a)
platelets
b)
red blood cells
c)
plasma
d)
white blood cells
42.
What type of tissue is blood?
a)
nerve
b)
muscle
c)
epithelial
d)
connective
43.
What is the oxygen carrying pigment in blood?
a)
hematocrit
b)
hemopoesis
c)
hemoglobin
d)
hemostasis
44.
Which is NOT a formed element in blood?
a)
leukocyte
b)
thrombocyte
c)
plasma
d)
erythrocyte
45.
A person with B- blood could receive...
a)
B+ blood
b)
AB- blood
c)
O- blood
d)
A+ blood
46.
What antigens are present in a person with type B- blood?
a)
B, only
b)
B and Rh
c)
A and Rh
d)
A, only
47.
What types of antigens are present in a person with O+ blood?
a)
A and B
b)
Rh, only
c)
A, B and Rh
d)
None
48.
What types of antibodies are found in a person with AB- blood?
a)
None
b)
Anti-Rh, only
c)
Anti-A and Anti-B
d)
Anti-A,
49.
What type(s) of blood can a person with B- blood RECEIVE?
a)
B-, B+, AB-, AB+
b)
B- and O-
c)
B-, B+, O-, O+
d)
B- and AB-
50.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
a)
to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
b)
to bring oxygen to the body
c)
to break down food and absorb nutrients
d)
to remove oxygen from the body and deliver carbon dioxide
51.
Within the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the ___ and the capillaries.
a)
trachea
b)
bronchi
c)
alveoli
d)
diaphragm
52.
What is the name of the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing?
a)
trachea
b)
alveoli
c)
diaphragm
d)
bronchi
53.
In the process of breathing, during what stage does the movement of the diaphragm enlarge
the thoracic cavity?
a)
External respiration
b)
Internal respiration
c)
Inspiration
d)
Expiration
54.
Rapid diffusion depends upon small distances. Which type of epithelial cells are specialized for diffusion?
a)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
b)
Stratified squamous
c)
Simple cuboidal
d)
Simple Squamous
55.
Diaphragm moves down
a)
Inhale
b)
Exhale
56.
Diaphragm moves up
a)
Inhale
b)
Exhale
57.
Low pressure in the chest cavity
a)
Inhale
b)
Exhale
58.
High pressure in the chest cavity
a)
Inhale
b)
Exhale
59.
Which type of cells make antibodies?
a)
A cells
b)
B cells
c)
M cells
d)
T cells
60.
Which tissue produces lymphocytes and filters out impurities and harmful substances from the lymph?
a)
spleen
b)
tonsils
c)
thymus
d)
lymph nodes
61.
What is the body's hypersensitive response to an outside substance that is otherwise harmless?
a)
autoimmune disease
b)
allergy
c)
Hodgkin's disease
d)
cardiovascular disease
62.
I am the 'liquid' portion of blood.
a)
Erythrocytes
b)
Thrombocytes
c)
Leukocytes
d)
Plasma
63.
Your blood type is the same as the type of ________ you have on the surface of your red blood cell
a)
antigen
b)
antibody
64.
The nurse practitioner gives out immunization shots for measles, mumps and rubella. What type of immunity to these diseases would someone get?
a)
Artificial acquired immunity
b)
Natural acquired immunity
c)
Natural immunity
d)
Passive acquired immunity
65.
what pathogen can be treated by antibiotics
a)
virus
b)
bacteria
c)
protozoa
d)
fungi
66.
How do T cells differ from B cells?
a)
T cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly, while B cells fight pathogens by making antibodies.
b)
T cells only make memory cells, and B cells only make antigens
c)
T cells fight pathogens by making antibodies, while B cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly.
d)
T cells can only fight off pathogens the body has encountered once, and B cells can fight off any pathogen the body comes across.
67.
Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of
a)
memory cells.
b)
macrophages.
c)
stem cells.
d)
B cells.
68.
Endocrine glands produce __________ which maintain the body in homeostasis
a)
oils
b)
neurotransmitters
c)
tears
d)
hormones
69.
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
a)
regulation of body temperature at 37 degrees Celsius
b)
regulation of blood sugar levels
c)
contractions during childbirth
d)
regulation of water levels in humans
70.
produces epinephrine and nor-epinephrine which promote the fight or flight response
a)
pancreas
b)
testes
c)
adrenal glands
d)
pineal gland
71.
together these two hormones produced by the pancreas control blood sugar levels
a)
epinephrine and nor-epinephrine
b)
T3 and T4
c)
estrogen and progesterone
d)
insulin and glucagon
72.
What is the female gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone?
a)
Testes
b)
Pancreas
c)
Thymus
d)
Ovaries
73.
What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?
a)
Testosterone
b)
Cortisol
c)
Adrenaline
d)
Parathyroid Hormone
74.
What gland helps support the immune system by helping white blood cells produce antibodies?
a)
Thyroid
b)
Thymus
c)
Adrenal
d)
Ovaries
75.
Where does fertilization usually take place?
a)
ovary
b)
fallopian tube
c)
cervix
d)
vagina
76.
Males are born with all the sperm cells that they will ever have?
a)
True
b)
False
77.
The structure in both males and females where urine leaves the body.
a)
Uterus
b)
Urethra
c)
Uvula
d)
Penis
78.
Where a baby grows and develops for approximately 9 months.
a)
Stomach
b)
Bladder
c)
Vagina
d)
Uterus
79.
The female's egg cells are stored in the ___________.
a)
Ovary
b)
Fallopian Tube
c)
Uterine Tube
d)
Uterus
80.
Where does FILTRATION take place in the nephron?
a)
Glomerulus
b)
Bowman's Capsule
c)
PCT
d)
Collecting Duct
81.
This structure brings blood to the glomerulus:
a)
Afferent arteriole
b)
Efferent arteriole
c)
PCT
d)
DCT
82.
The bladder is made of which type of epithelium?
a)
Columnar
b)
Simple Cubioidal
c)
Stratified Squamous
d)
Transitional
83.
Collects urine from the major calyx
a)
minor calyx
b)
nephron
c)
renal pelvis
d)
renal medulla
84.
first area of urine collection occurs here. These are individual portions of the kidney; collectively known as renal medullas
a)
renal capsule
b)
renal cortex
c)
renal pyramid
d)
ureter
85.
The three stages of urine production are _______, ______________, and ___________.
a)
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
b)
filtration, urine secretion, and leukocytosis
c)
reabsorption, discretion, and secretion
d)
secretion, absorption, and dissemination
86.
The chewing and grinding of food into smaller pieces is an example of...
a)
Mechanical Digestion
b)
Chemical Digestion
87.
Bile is made by which digestive organ?
a)
Gallbladder
b)
Stomach
c)
Rectum
d)
Liver
88.
Which digestive organ makes digestive juices to help the small intestine absorb nutrients?
a)
Liver
b)
Gallbladder
c)
Pancreas
d)
Esophagus
89.
Nutrients from digested food are absorbed in which digestive organ?
a)
Small Intestine
b)
Stomach
c)
Large Intestine
d)
Gallbladder
90.
Bile is stored in which secondary digestive organ?
a)
Stomach
b)
Liver
c)
Gallbladder
d)
Pancreas
91.
Gastric juices in the stomach digest food into a thick liquid. This is...
a)
Mechanical digestion
b)
Chemical digestion
92.
A series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.
a)
adduction
b)
primary wave
c)
peristalsis
d)
inversion
93.
What enzyme breaks down proteins when it is activated by hydrochloric acid?
a)
Pepsin
b)
Peptin
c)
Pepto
d)
Protein
94.
The right side of the heart carries oxygenated blood
a)
True
b)
False
95.
Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the _____________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.
a)
right ventricle; right atrium
b)
left ventricle; left atrium
c)
left atrium; left ventricle
d)
right atrium; right ventricle
96.
Lower than normal blood pressure ________?
a)
Hypertension
b)
Hypotension
97.
White blood cells (WBC’s), red blood cells (RBC’s), plasma, & platelets are the 4 parts of what?
a)
blood vessels
b)
Blood Types
c)
heart disease
d)
Components of Blood
98.
What are the 4 blood types?
a)
A - B - AB - C
b)
A - B - AB - Z
c)
A - B - AB -O
d)
A - B - C - O
99.
Diffusion occurs here
a)
arteries
b)
capillaries
c)
veins
100.
Which of the following describes high blood viscosity?
a)
There is a high concentration of blood cells and solutes
b)
The blood is more thick and the heart has to pump harder
c)
Blood pressure goes up
d)
All are correct
101.
Which statement best describes blood pressure?
a)
The force applied by the heart and amount of blood pumped determine blood pressure.
b)
It’s normal and healthy to have extended periods of high blood pressure.
c)
Your blood pressure is higher when you sleep.
d)
Being nervous can decrease your blood pressure.
102.
When an individual has high cholesterol, certain substances, such as calcium and fats, form plaque in arteries. How is this plaque, known as arterial plaque, most likely to affect blood flow?
a)
Arterial plaque clogs the arteries, limiting or stopping blood flow.
b)
Arterial plaque changes the direction of blood flow, which forces oxygenated blood to the heart.
c)
Arterial plaque changes the size of blood cells, which prevents blood from flowing in the arteries.
d)
Arterial plaque clears the arteries, increasing blood flow.
103.
What is the most likely affect a blood clot will have on blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
a)
A blood clot will increase blood flow in other areas, allowing more oxygen to reach tissue in those areas.
b)
A blood clot will change the direction of blood flow, allowing oxygen to reach tissue in a new area.
c)
A blood clot will not change blood flow, allowing the same amount of oxygen to reach tissue in a certain area.
d)
A blood clot will block blood flow, preventing oxygen from reaching tissue in a certain area.
104.
Elasticity in blood vessels allows the vessels to stretch and move based on changes in blood volume. A number of factors, including genetic disease, can cause the arteries to harden and lose their elasticity. How would the hardening of the arteries most likely affect blood flow?
a)
The hardening of the arteries would likely cause blood flow to remain constant.
b)
The hardening of the arteries would likely increase blood flow.
c)
The hardening of the arteries would likely cause blood flow to stop completely.
d)
The hardening of the arteries would likely restrict blood flow.
105.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid
106.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what are the controlled variables?
a)
Type of plant, amount of music, and sunlight
b)
Water, apple juice, milk
c)
Plant growth
107.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?
a)
Type of plant
b)
Water, apple juice, milk
c)
Plant growth
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