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LE Review: Ecology & Human Impact

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 3hrs 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In which symbiotic relationship do two different species benefit from their association with one another?

a)

decomposition

b)

commensalism

c)

mutualism

d)

parasitism

2.

A heterotroph that benefits at the expense of its living host is known as a

a)

decomposer

b)

saprophyte

c)

parasite

d)

scavenger

3.

A symbiotic relationship exists between two organisms of different species. If only one organism benefits from the relationship and the other is not harmed, the relationship is known as

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

4.

An organism that feeds on the blood of a live rabbit is known as

a)

a parasite

b)

a producer

c)

an herbivore

d)

a predator

5.

Clownfish are tiny, omnivorous fish that find shelter from predators in the poisonous tentacles of sea anemones. The sea anomones sting their prey to capture food, but the clownfish are not hurt by the stinging tentacles. The clownfish clean the tentacles of the anemone and scare off butterfly fish, which consume sea anemones. The relationship between the two is best described as

a)

competitive

b)

mutualistic

c)

predatory

d)

parasitic

6.

Acacia trees provide food fro a species of ant that lives on them. The ants defend the acacia tree from grasshoppers and beetles. This relationship between the ant and acacia tree is best described as

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

decomposer

7.

A protozoan lives inside a rat and takes nourishment from the rat's body. Because the protozoan damages the rat's brain, the rat loses its fear of cats. A cat attacks an infected rat; the protozoan enters the cat's body and completes its life cycle. Which of these describe the relationship?

a)

commensalism

b)

parasite-host

c)

mutualism

d)

predator-prey

8.

The presence of parasites in an animal will usually result in

a)

an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host

b)

the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis

c)

the death of the host organism within twenty four hours

d)

an increase in genetic mutation rate in the host organism

9.

A community is studied and several interactions are observed and recorded. Which type of interaction could illustrate the process of mutualism?

a)

interaction A

b)

interaction B

c)

interaction C

d)

interaction D

10.

Wild ponies have lived on Assateague Island for about 300 years. The ponies have become well adapted to the harsh environment, including extreme temperature in the summer and winter. During the summer, flies and ticks bite the ponies. The cattle egret is a bird that sometimes eats the flies and ticks form the ponies. The relationship between the pony and egret helps

a)

only the pony

b)

only the egret

c)

the flies and ticks

d)

the pony and the egret

11.

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi. The fungi grow around the plant roots and increase the surface area for the absorption of water and nutrients by the plant. The plant roots, in turn, provide nutrients for the fungi. What type of symbiotic relationship is mycorrhiza?

a)

commensalism

b)

parasite-host

c)

mutualism

d)

competition

12.

A certain fungus can be harmful when it infects the outermost layers of the human foot, while another type of fungus can be beneficial when it recycles nutrients by breaking down dead organisms. Which terms identify these two roles of fungi?

a)

producer, prey

b)

host, autotroph

c)

parasite, decomposer

d)

herbivore, predator

13.

A small fish, called a cleaner fish, picks bits of food from a shark's teeth. What can best be concluded about this behavior?

a)

it takes needed nutrition away from the shark

b)

it helps both the cleaner fish and the shark

c)

it removes food from the inside of the shark's body

d)

it helps the shark blend in with its surroundings

14.

A small fish, called a cleaner fish, picks bits of food from a shark's teeth. What can best be concluded about this behavior?

a)

it takes needed nutrition away from the shark

b)

it helps both the cleaner fish and the shark

c)

it removes food from the inside of the shark's body

d)

it helps the shark blend in with its surroundings

15.

The yucca moth of the Arizona desert lays its eggs inside the flower of the yucca plant. When the eggs hatch, the moth larvae eat some of the plant seeds. When the moth flies away from the plant, it takes pollen from the yucca flower with it. How does the yucca moth help the yucca plant?

a)

lays eggs

b)

eats seeds

c)

hatches larvae

d)

spreads pollen

16.
 Which statement is true for all of the organisms in the ecosystem represented in the diagram below? 
a)
Energy is used by the organisms to obtain and transport materials, and to eliminate wastes
b)
Energy stored in inorganic molecules is released during cellular respiration in these organisms. 
c)
Stored energy cannot be used by these organisms as a source of energy for life processes. 
d)
 They use energy to combine the inorganic molecules carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich organic compounds. 
17.
Decomposers are necessary in a food chain because they
a)
manufacture food by photosynthesis
b)
return nutrients to the ecosystem
c)
absorb energy from the Sun
d)
Produce organic nutrients
18.
Which two processes are responsible for keeping the percentage of atmospheric oxygen at relatively constant levels?
a)
circulation and coordination
b)
respiration and coordination
c)
respiration and photosynthesis
d)
photosynthesis and circulation
19.
Respiration that does not require Oxygen
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
20.
What gas is produced during photosynthesis?
a)
CO2- carbon dioxide
b)
O2- oxygen
21.

In which organelle will autotrophic nutrition occur?

a)

the small black dots - ribosomes

b)

the solid black ovals - chloroplasts

c)

The large gray circle with a black dot inside - nucleus

d)

The outermost outline of the cell - cell wall

22.

The green aquatic plant in the diagram was exposed to light. What is most likely in the bubbles

a)

oxygen

b)

nitrogen

c)

ozone

d)

carbon dioxide

23.
What are the reactants (what is needed) for photosynthesis?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
light, water, and carbon dioxide
24.
What gas is released by plants from the process of photosynthesis?
a)
air
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
25.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
carbon dioxide + water --> oxygen + glucose
b)
carbon dioxide + glucose + water --> oxygen 
c)
oxygen + water --> carbon dioxide + glucose
d)
glucose+ oxygen ---> water + carbon dioxide 
26.
What PIGMENT absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
a)
chloroplast
b)
thylakoid
c)
grana
d)
chlorophyll
27.
Why is photosynthesis important?
a)
creates oxygen for animals to breath
b)
becomes a food source for animals and humans
c)
creates food for plants to use
d)
all of these are correct
28.
Where does carbon dioxide enter plants?
a)
The leaves (in the holes called Stomata)
b)
Flowers
c)
Roots
d)
Stem
29.
What are the products  (what is made)  of photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
sunlight energy
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
chlorophyll 
30.
All living things do which of the following?
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
all of the answers
31.
ALL  living things (plants AND animals) use the sun as a source of energy ____________. 
a)
directly 
b)
indirectly
c)
either directly or indirectly
32.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
33.
______________ produces the most ATP.
a)
photosnthesis
b)
aerobic respiration
c)
anaerobic respiration
d)
glycolysis
34.
A plant is releasing a gas. What is most likely the gas?
a)
co2
b)
methane
c)
water vapor
d)
oxygen
35.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen both enter and leave the leaf at the 
a)
pore
b)
spongy measophyll
c)
guard cells
d)
stomata
36.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
37.
What type of respiration requires oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
38.
What is the molecule called that mitochondria produce when they respire glucose?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
DNA
d)
80p
39.
 The expression "feel the burn" means that a person exercising is goes through...
a)
lactic acid fermentation
b)
alcoholic fermentation
c)
photosynthesis
d)
aerobic respiration
40.
What is this picture?
a)
a chloroplast 
b)
a mitochondria
41.

1. What are renewable resources?

a)

. Resources that are used faster than they form

b)

resources that can replenish themselves over time

c)

resources that formed over millions of years

d)

resources that exist only in rural areas

42.

1. What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?

a)

The same temperature

b)

a little cooler than it is now

c)

. Too cold to live

d)

a little warmer than it is now

43.

According to the graph, what material’s recycling would reduce the largest portion of America’s trash?

a)

Metals

b)

paper

c)

plastics

d)

Yard trimmings

44.

1. Which level of the food chain is most affected by biomagnifications?

a)

Producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

45.

1. Which biome has the highest biodiversity and is the most threatened?

a)

Temperate forests

b)

grasslands

c)

tropical rain forests

d)

deserts

46.

1. Why is firewood considered to be a renewable resource?

a)

It can be replenished over time.

b)

It is used up faster than it can form.

c)

It is made from coal.

d)

It can be made synthetically.

47.

1. Why has Earth's human carrying capacity increased greatly?

a)

Other organisms have been displaced by agriculture, so there is more space for humans.

b)

Humans have modified their environment due to technological advances.

c)

Humans can live closer together than other animals

d)

Humans are now eating fewer plants than they used to.

48.

1. Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

a)

coal

b)

wind energy

c)

solar energy

d)

water

49.

1. What factor does not determine the size of an individual's ecological footprint?

a)

amount and efficiency of resource use

b)

amount of waste produced

c)

size of population

d)

toxicity of waste produced

50.

What is global warming

a)

the normal temperature fluctuations of Earth's climate cycle

b)

the melting of the polar ice caps

c)

the trend of increasing temperatures on Earth

d)

the changes in Earth's biosphere that affect the atmosphere

51.

Which member of the following food chain is most likely to be affected by mercury, a pollutant? Algae - zooplankton - salmon – bear

a)

algae

b)

salmon

c)

zooplankton

d)

bear

52.

How might an introduced plant species kill native plant species?

a)

. Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of sunlight.

b)

Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of food.

c)

It can cause soil loss from erosion.

d)

Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of oxygen.

53.

1. What is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity on Earth?

a)

habitat destruction

b)

loss of drinking water

c)

decrease in food supply

d)

pollution

54.

1. Why might an introduced animal species overrun native species in an ecosystem?

a)

. Its population size is smaller than those of native species.

b)

. It is more energy efficient, so it eats less food.

c)

It is a predator of the native species.

d)

It often has no natural enemies

55.

1. What does the Endangered Species Act do?

a)

It provides food for endangered species.

b)

It protects organisms that are near extinction and their environments

c)

It protects populations of animals from predators

d)

It protects endangered plant species only.

56.

Which term describes the practice of managing resources so that current needs are met without harming future generations?

a)

species introduction

b)

sustainable development

c)

habitat fragmentation

d)

biomagnification

57.
Many different types of organisms. 
a)
Pioneer species
b)
Community
c)
Biodiversity
d)
Population
58.
Type of succession where land never existed before. Surtsy is an example. 
a)
Pioneer
b)
Secondary
c)
Opportunistic
d)
Primary
59.
_______________ succession occurs after a catastrophic event destroys an area.
a)
Primary
b)
Opportunistic
c)
Climax 
d)
Secondary
60.
__________ is an energy resource that WILL NOT run out in the next several hundred years.
a)
Renewable Energy Resource
b)
Nonrenewable Energy Resource
c)
Fossil Fuel
d)
Forever Fuel
61.
The process of change in the living parts of the ecosystem 
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
climax community
d)
pioneer species
62.
A drought has hit this grassland biome. How will this effect the rabbit population?
a)
The rabbits will increase in number.
b)
The rabbit population will stay the same.
c)
The rabbit population will decrease.
d)
The rabbit population will become extinct immediately.
63.
How would the biodiversity of this ecosystem be affected if the lantern fish disappeared?
a)
The ocean sunfish population would increase.
b)
The large shark population would die out.
c)
The squid would die out.
d)
There would be no change.
64.
A drought has hit this grassland biome. How will this effect the rabbit population?
a)
The rabbits will increase in number.
b)
The rabbit population will stay the same.
c)
The rabbit population will decrease.
d)
The rabbit population will become extinct immediately.
65.
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic?
a)
Biotic are non-living things
b)
Abiotic are living organisms
c)
Biotic is life,
Abiotic is non-living
d)
Biotic is non-living, Abiotic is living
66.
What is Ecological Succession?
a)
Competition between plants in a society
b)
A natural disaster such as a flood or fire
c)
The cycle of a tomato plant
d)
The change an ecosystem experiences over time
67.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
68.
A frog eats a fly. The frog and fly are demonstrating ________.
a)
mutualism
b)
competition
c)
predator/prey
d)
parasitism
69.
How many herbivores are in this web?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
70.
Plants both trying to get sunlight are 
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
compeition
d)
parasitism
71.
In this energy pyramid, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
72.
How much of the energy in each level of a ecological pyramid gets lost as heat or used by the organism so that it cannot be passed on to the next trophic level?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
73.
In this ecological pyramid which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants?
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Tertiary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumers
d)
Primary Producers
74.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain organisms that do photosynthesis?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
75.
Only about ten percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is typically
a)
used in reproduction
b)
stored as body fat
c)
stored as body tissues
d)
converted to heat and lost
76.
What type of pyramid does this show?
a)
biomass
b)
energy
c)
numbers
d)
producers
77.
Organisms that use energy from the sun to make their food are called
a)
heterotrophs
b)
consumers
c)
autotrophs
d)
carnivores
78.
Populations of aspen trees in the western United States are being destroyed by an unexplained illness. The altered landscape is affecting the animals that live there. Populations of deer mice are increasing greatly in these areas. Unfortunately, these mice often carry a virus that is deadly to humans. This scenario best illustrates that  
a)
every population in an ecosystem is linked with other populations
b)
the stability of this ecosystem is limited by the amount of water available
c)
humans are the cause of the breakdown of this ecosystem
d)
 a change in the environment always results in disease 
79.
Decomposers are necessary in a food chain because they
a)
manufacture food by photosynthesis
b)
return nutrients to the ecosystem
c)
absorb energy from the Sun
d)
Produce organic nutrients
80.
In early spring, many wildflowers begin to grow, produce flowers, and release seeds. The leaves of the wildflowers make food before the leaves of the trees in the area begin to develop. the early growth pattern of the wildflowers would result in
a)
decreased competition for sunlight between the trees and the wildflowers
b)
decreased competition for suitable temperature between the trees and the wildflowers
c)
increased competition for space between the trees and the wildflowers
d)
increased competition for oxygen between the trees and wildflowers
81.
Photosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they both
a)
require the Sun as a direct source of energy
b)
result in the production of glucose molecules
c)
require specific catalysts
d)
occur within mitochondria
82.
Car manufactures have begun to explore the use of biofuels such as biodiesel, ethanol, and cooking oils made from plant material. The desired outcome of using these biofuels would be
a)
a decrease in the use of fossil fuels
b)
a decrease in the release of oxygen gas
c)
an increase in abiotic resources
d)
an increase in global warming
83.
Which process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?
a)
respiration
b)
digestion
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
84.
The Nature Conservancy is an organization that protects a variety of habitats around the world. A project this organization would probably support is one that
a)
uses endangered animals for medical research
b)
protects the biodiversity of areas for future generations
c)
alters habitats for industry and housing
d)
prevents animals species from migration to other habitats
85.
Certain animals species that are endangered or threatened have been cloned. Closely related species have been used to carry the embryos of the endangered species. This process of increasing the population size of a species in danger of becoming extinct is an example of
a)
natural method to decrease ecosystem stability
b)
natural method of controlling the population of an endangered species
c)
technological fix to increase habitat destruction
d)
technological fix for the problem of endangered species
86.

Which statement best describes substance X?

a)

it is oxygen released by protein synthesis

b)

it is glucose which is produced by photosynthesis

c)

it is starch that is produced by digestion

d)

it is carbon dioxide released by respiration

87.
Many homeowners and businesses are installing solar electric systems. Greater use of solar electric systems benefits the environment because it
a)
depends on the greater use of fossil fuels
b)
conserves nonrenewable resources
c)
produces gases that cause global warming
d)
reduces the need for the ozone shield
88.
A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf
a)
synthesizes more sugar
b)
has a higher chromosome count
c)
produces fewer proteins
d)
uses less carbon dioxide
89.
In August 2010, the Asian clam was discovered in Lake George. It is not native to that area. A single clam can reproduce and release hundreds of offspring in a day. Fish and crayfish eat the clams but cannot keep pace with the rate at which the clams reproduce. The introduction of the Asian clam into Lake George is
a)
positive, because it adds to the stability of the ecosystem
b)
positive, because the fish and crayfish would otherwise not have food
c)
negative, because it decreases water pollution in the lake
d)
negative, because it competes with native clam species and reduces stability
90.
The Mississippi River Delta wetlands ecosystem is home to a large number of fish, birds, and other aquatic organisms. During the last century, this ecosystem has seen a decrease in wetland areas and species diversity due to land development, agriculture, and flooding. Conservation groups have been working to reconnect the Mississippi River with its flood plain and restore lost wetlands. One result of restoring wetland areas in this ecosystem would be
a)
an increase in abiotic factors that would cause organisms to develop new adaptations
b)
the development of an ecosystem that will prevent invasive species from settling there
c)
 an increase in the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for wetland organisms
d)
 to prevent the organisms that live in this ecosystem from competing for food and shelter
91.
 Scientists in Brazil have developed specific fertilizers and special breeds of soybeans and corn so crops can grow on large areas of tropical lands. This is valuable because farmers can help to feed the growing human population and strengthen the economy. However, trade-offs must be considered because farming on tropical lands can also
a)
add helpful microorganisms to the soil
b)
remove oxygen from the atmosphere
c)
 reduce populations of native species
d)
 reduce mutations and disease in wildlife populations
92.
 During the last century, human impacts on our planet have led to an increasing and alarming loss of biodiversity in rainforest ecosystems. Scientists estimate that current extinction rates exceed those of some prehistoric mass extinctions. This loss of biodiversity also means loss of genetic diversity and loss of ecosystems. What could be done to minimize this loss of biodiversity?
a)
Introduce new species to rainforest ecosystems.
b)
Write and pass new environmental protection laws specific to rainforest ecosystems.
c)
Build barriers around rainforest ecosystems to keep animals and plants contained.
d)
Move all rainforest animals to new ecosystems where they will be safe.
93.
The number of white-tailed deer in certain areas of Long Island, NY has increased significantly. Homeowners and farmers have put up tall fencing to protect their gardens and crops from the deer. One reason why the white tailed-deer might have increased significantly in certain areas of Long Island is
a)
the lack of natural predators
b)
an increase in deer pathogens
c)
a shortage of biotic resources needed by the deer
d)
that carrying capacity has no effect on deer populations
94.
Researchers have discovered a chemical that sterilizes soil by killing all of the bacteria that are normally present. If this chemical were released in a forest ecosystem, the most likely result would be that
a)
the food web would be disrupted because there would be little recycling of nutrients
b)
fewer animals would suffer from disease such as cancer
c)
there would be more energy available for insects and worms that live in the soil
d)
the diversity of plants and animals present would increase

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