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coral reefs and mangroves recap

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Coral Reefs are found in shallow, clear, warm water because there is

a)

lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

b)

not lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

c)

no good reason, it just feels nice

d)

all of these choices are correct

2.

A coral polyp is actually

a)

an animal found in Phylum Cnidaria

b)

an animal found in Phylum Chordata

c)

a plant found in Phylum Bryophyta

d)

a plant found in Phylum Aniospermophyta

3.

Coral polyps build their homes out of

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

calcium carbonate

c)

calcium manganese

d)

carbon monoxide

4.

Large Reefs can be found near (check all that apply)

a)

Australia

b)

the Florida Keys

c)

in the Caribbean

d)

off the coast of Belize in Central America

e)

off the coast of Maine

5.

Hard corals include (check all that apply)

a)

elk horn

b)

staghorn

c)

brain coral

d)

table coral

e)

fan coral

6.

Soft corals include (check all that apply

a)

elk horn

b)

brain coral

c)

table coral

d)

sea rod

e)

fan coral

7.

Check all the ways that corals are fragile.

a)

They are very productive

b)

Pieces can break off easily

c)

They are very sensitive to changes in water quality

d)

They are sensitive to changes in pH levels.

e)

They make lots of food and oxygen for the reef.

8.

Coral reefs are endangered by

a)

climate change

b)

overfishing

c)

pollution

d)

all of the above

9.
What are the two kinds of coral?
a)
Blue and yellow
b)
Hard and slimy
c)
Hard and soft
d)
Soft and delicate
10.

A coral reef is made up of thousands of small structures called

a)

sea stars

b)

polyps

c)

sea anemones

d)

bacteria

11.

What percentage of the ocean is taken up by coral reefs?

a)

less than 1%

b)

10-12%

c)

25%

d)

more than 50%

12.

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

a)

Puerto Rico

b)

Florida

c)

Indonisia

d)

Australia

13.

What are 3 common names of Mangrove?

a)

Black Mangroves

b)

Violet Mangroves

c)

Red Mangroves

d)

White Mangroves

e)

Yellow Mangroves

14.

How can Mangroves stand still in the waves?

a)

By their roots

b)

By their stem

c)

By their leaves

15.

What photos are the Mangroves tree?

a)
b)
c)
d)
16.

Salinity means the level of _______________in the water.

a)

oxygen

b)

salt

c)

nitrogen

d)

salcite

17.

Mangroves can live in...

a)

Hot water

b)

Cold water

c)

Salty water

d)

Dirty water

18.
Brackish means that the water is
a)
only salt water
b)
a mix of fresh and salt water
c)
only fresh water
19.
What is the significance to the Mangroves?
a)
They protect shorelines from bad weather
b)
mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fishes
20.
Which is not a characteristic of mangroves?
a)
Muddy
b)
Shallow
c)
Trees/bushes
d)
Deep
21.
Mangroves provide a _________________________for small fish before they swim out to the deeper ocean.
a)
Safe breeding ground
b)
Fresh water system
22.
Living things such as the mangrove trees have adaptations that make them __________, or different from other living things in other ecosystems.
a)
restore
b)
conserve
c)
endangered
d)
unique
23.

Buttonwood trees are found second to last when moving inland.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

Red mangroves have prop roots. What does that allow the mangrove to do?

a)

Help during pollination

b)

Secrete excess salt

c)

Allows the plant to get oxygen from the air

d)

Stabilizes them in the shifting mud

25.

How does being vivipary help the red mangrove plant?

a)

It allows the seedling to mature on the parent to increase chances of survival

b)

It allows the seedling to mature in the mud to increase chances of survival

26.

How are red mangroves adapted to living in the saline conditions?

a)

They have prop roots

b)

They have lenticels

c)

They have sacrificial leaves

d)

They have salt pores

27.

How are the black mangroves adapted to living in the anoxic soil?

a)

They have prop roots

b)

They have lenticels

c)

They have pneumatophores

d)

They have salt glands

28.

What is the name of the red mangrove seedling?

(a)  

29.

What is the function of lenticels on prop roots?

a)

stabilizes the plant

b)

secretes excess salt

c)

helps in gas exchange

d)

helps in pollination

30.

Which mangrove is this most likely to be?

a)

Red mangrove

b)

Black mangrove

c)

White mangrove

d)

Buttonwood

31.

Which factor below is an abiotic factor that is found in a mangrove ecosystem?

a)

muddy sediment

b)

sand

c)

cold weather

d)

rocks

32.

Which type of mangroves are these likely to be?

a)

Red mangrove

b)

Black mangrove

c)

White mangrove

d)

Buttonwood

33.

Diagram shows a type of root of a species in mangrove swamp. What is X ?

a)

Prop root

b)

Cable root

c)

Buttress root

d)

Pneumatophore

34.

What is the main function of the Avicennia sp. roots?

a)

To supply more oxygen

b)

To trap mud from sea water

c)

To reduce the effects of sea waves on the plants

d)

To increase its surface area for the absorption of mineral salts

35.

Mangrove forests are home for...

a)

crab

b)

shrimp

c)

shells

d)

fishes

e)

mollusk species

36.

Which of the following is not an adaptation of mangroves

a)

Aerial roots

b)

Buttress roots

c)

Open stomata

d)

salt glands

37.
Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion by acting as a natural barrier and flood defence. True or false?
a)
True
b)
False
38.
Mangroves provide a _________________________for small fish before they swim out to the deeper ocean.
a)
Safe breeding ground
b)
Fresh water system
39.

An estuary is best defined as a place where

a)

fresh and salt water meet.

b)

a river meets a lake.

c)

a group of animals are gathered.

d)

the water from the land flows into a river.

40.

Why are estuaries important to our environment?

a)

Estuaries filter pollutants and prevent erosion.

b)

Estuaries provide nurseries for marine life.

c)

Estuaries act as home for many types of wildlife.

d)

All of the above.

41.

Mangrove swamps serve as important natural buffers, protecting upland areas from

a)

erosion and storm damage.

b)

saltwater intrusion.

c)

raw sewage spills.

d)

alien invasions.

42.

Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits provided by a mangrove swamp?

a)

Trap organic debris to keep the swamp full of vital nutrients.

b)

Help to hold the sand and reduce erosion.

c)

Accumulate partially decomposed organic matter to form peat.

d)

Provide homes and shelter to numerous organisms.

43.

Which of the following is not part of the harsh environments mangroves endure

a)

High salt

b)

Hard ground

c)

Low oxygen

d)

Varying Tides

44.

Between which lines of latitude do you find mangrove forests?

a)

30° North and 30° South

b)

42° North and 28° South

c)

32° North and 38° South

d)

20° North and 20° South

45.

NOT an example of a mangrove root

a)

Prop

b)

Cable

c)

Dendritic

d)

Pencil

46.

Which energy source is resulting in the removal of mangrove forests?

a)

Coal

b)

Tidal

c)

Natural gas

d)

Charcoal

47.

What is the name of a plant or tree that has adapted to live in salt water?

a)

Hydrophyte

b)

Pyrophyte

c)

Halophytes

d)

Epiphyte

48.

75% of mangrove forests are found...

a)

...in the northern hemisphere

b)

...in the tropics

c)

...in high latitudes

d)

...in Europe

49.

Mangrove forests are often found...

a)

...around river estuaries

b)

...around islands

c)

...in open sea

d)

...near to coral reefs

50.
Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
a)
Puerto Rico
b)
Florida
c)
Indonisia
d)
Australia
51.
What is the biggest economic benefit of coral reefs?
a)
filtration
b)
habitat
c)
tourism
d)
protection of shoreline
52.
What is the largest reef in the world?
a)
Belize Barrier Reef
b)
Great Barrier Reef
c)
Aldabra Atoll
d)
The Palancar Reef
53.
What are the two types of corals?
a)
plant/animal
b)
spring/fall
c)
fringing/barrier
d)
hard/soft
54.
What is the main abiotic factor that will determine the location of a reef?
a)
light
b)
depth
c)
salinity
d)
temperature
55.
What type of coral is elk horn coral?
a)
hard
b)
soft
56.
What type of coral is fan coral?
a)
hard 
b)
soft
57.
A ringed shaped reef
a)
fringing reef
b)
barrier reef
c)
atoll
d)
archipelago 
58.
Coral larvae become a __________.
a)
polyp
b)
hard coral
c)
soft coral
d)
reef
59.
What is the hard structure that provides the foundation for the reef?
a)
limestone
b)
sandstone
c)
concrete
d)
granite
60.

A type of reef that lies close to the shore.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

archipelago

61.

A reef running parallel to the shore but separated from it by a channel of deep water.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

archipelago

62.

What are corals?

a)

living organisms

b)

non-living structures

c)

abiotic

d)

terrestrial

63.

What is a reef?

a)

living organisms

b)

non-living structures

c)

biotic

d)

terrestrial

64.
Reef-building corals are cnidarians that are characterized by: 
a)
Having both a polyp and medusa stage
b)
Lacking nematocysts
c)
Having mostly a medusa stage
d)
Having only a polyp stage
65.
Which of the following is not a source of food and other essential nutrients for corals
a)
Nutrients released by zooxanthellae
b)
Calcium carbonate from shells
c)
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the water
d)
Capture of food using mesenterial filaments
66.
Zooxanthellae are essential to reef-building corals because they:
a)
Help in the deposition of the calcium-carbonate skeleton
b)
Provide the coral with protection from predators
c)
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
d)
Provide the coral with protection from predators
67.
Which of the following is not used directly by corals for nutrition
a)
Mesenterial filaments
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Mucus
d)
Tentacles
68.
Why are reef-building corals limited to shallow waters? 
a)
Salinity varies less in shallow water
b)
Calcium carbonate is only available in shallow water
c)
Zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis
d)
Nutrients concentrate in shallow water
69.
The expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable conditions is called
a)
Exudation
b)
Bleaching
c)
Decalcification
d)
Denudation
70.
Fringing and barrier reefs develop
a)
Along a coast
b)
In the open ocean far from land
c)
Around islands in temperate regions
d)
Near atolls
71.
Generally, an important distinction between barrier and fringing reefs is that barrier reefs
a)
Are found only in the Pacific Ocean
b)
Develop farther away from land
c)
Are found only in the Caribbean
d)
Do not have a reef flat
72.
Atolls actually start as
a)
Reef flats
b)
Fringing reefs
c)
Barrier reefs
d)
Semicircular atolls
73.
Primary production is very high in coral reefs but low in surrounding waters. One reason for this is that:
a)
Coralline algae and other algae are very abundant
b)
There is abundant carbon dioxide in coral reefs
c)
Nutrients are efficiently recycled within the reef community
d)
Turf algae release nutrients
74.
Reef corals compete with soft corals for space. Which of the following is a competitive advantage of soft corals?
a)
They produce toxic chemicals
b)
They have special stinging cells
c)
They are able to destroy zooxanthellae of corals.
d)
They are able to dissolve the skeleton of corals.
75.

Corals are

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

protists

d)

bacteria

76.

Corals are

a)

mollusks

b)

arthropods

c)

plants

d)

cnidarians

77.

Corals have a mutualistic symbiosis with which photosynthetic bacteria?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

zooxanthellae

d)

chemosynthetic bacteria

78.

What do polyps use to make the shell that encases them and forms the hard skeletons of corals?

a)

calcium carbonate

b)

calcium sulfate

c)

sodium carbonate

d)

sodium sulfate

79.

Which would slow coral growth?

a)

zero to low water pollution

b)

abundance of light

c)

changing water temperature

d)

narrow salinity range

80.

What type of reef is separated from the shore by a lagoon?

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

tropical reef

d)

rock reef

81.

Coral polyps build their homes out of

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

calcium carbonate

c)

calcium manganese

d)

carbon monoxide

82.

Which of these conditions are ideal for coral reefs?

a)

cold and deep water

b)

warm and shallow water

c)

cold and shallow water

d)

warm and deep water

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