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TYPES OF FOSSILS

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 2hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Describes a group of living things that are no longer living.

a)

fossil

b)

extinct

c)

endangered

d)

dinosaur

2.

The hardened remains of a living thing that died long ago.

a)

fossil

b)

extinct

c)

endangered

d)

minerals

3.

Why are there more animal fossils than plant fossils?

a)

Animals are smaller than plants.

b)

Plants have harder bodies than animals.

c)

Plans have softer bodies than animals.

d)

Animals eat plants.

4.

Which type of fossil would look just like the body part of a once-living thing?

a)

mineral

b)

footprint

c)

cast

d)

petrified wood

5.

Which is an imprint fossil?

a)

bone

b)

a cast

c)

an animal track

d)

amber fossil

6.

Which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

fossils

7.

An animal has sharp, pointy teeth, what can we infer about this animal?

a)

The animal lived in the water

b)

The animal lived near the beach.

c)

The animal is a carnivore.

d)

The animal only ate plants.

8.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

9.

How are an elephant and a mammoth alike?

a)

They are both endangered.

b)

They are both extinct.

c)

They both have tusks.

d)

They both live in a warm climate.

10.

What statement is true about fossils?

a)

All living organisms leave behind fossils.

b)

Fossils show that camels never change.

c)

Some living things have not really changed in millions of years.

d)

Plant fossils have never changed.

11.

What needs to happen FIRST for a fossil to form?

a)

A plant or animal must be covered by sediment.

b)

A plant or animal must die and decompose.

c)

Sediments fill a a mold to form a cast.

d)

An earthquake shifts the land up.

12.

Which of these animals is extinct?

a)

Camel

b)

Rhino

c)

Red Panda

d)

Saber-toothed cat

13.

What replaces the wood of a once-living thing to form petrified wood?

a)

amber

b)

cast

c)

mold

d)

minerals

14.

Why are there a lot of fern fossils?

a)

Ferns are hard like bones.

b)

Ferns have changed little over time.

c)

Ferns were larger than all plants.

d)

Most animals ate ferns.

15.

How can you make a mold of an ancient seashell?

a)

Press the seashell in model clay.

b)

Draw the seashell

c)

Press the seashell in model clay to make a mold then fill it in.

d)

Trace the seashell

16.

This type of fossil is tree sap hardened and replaced by minerals.

a)

Petrified wood

b)

Imprint

c)

Amber

d)

Mold

17.

Turtles look much like they did millions of years ago. What can we infer about turtle fossils?

a)

They did not change over time.

b)

The turtle survived the ice age.

c)

Turtles went extinct.

d)

Turtles were never endangered.

18.

What can we infer about animals with dull teeth?

a)

They ate other animals.

b)

They ate only plants.

c)

They ate nothing.

d)

They only ate fish.

19.

In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

20.

If you know the age of a fossil, you know the relative age of the ________________ it was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

rock

c)

amber

d)

ice

21.

If you know the age of a rock, you know the relative age of the _________________ that was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

fossil

c)

amber

d)

ice

22.

Which of the following would be an example of absolute age?

a)

Fossil A is older than Fossil B

b)

Fossil A and Fossil B are the same age

c)

Fossil A is 10 million years old

23.
In what way can scientists determine the ages of fossils?
a)
relative dating
b)
radioactive dating
c)
law of superposition
d)
All of the above
24.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
25.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

26.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
27.

Which of the following can be learned by using the fossil record?

a)

When organisms changed or evolved

b)

when organisms appeared on Earth

c)

when organisms became extinct

d)

All the above

28.
By determining the age of fossils, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on Earth
a)
True
b)
False
29.

If scientists found this fossil in a desert, what could they infer?

a)

what fish are like today

b)

that this fish lacked oxygen

c)

that water once covered the area where this fossil was found

30.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
31.

Fossil A is an ancient mollusk, an organism that needs water to survive. Why do you think that the mollusk went extinct in this particular sample of the fossil record?

a)

When the ocean levels rose in layer 4, the mollusk went extinct because they cannot live in water

b)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to thrive

c)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to go extinct

d)

When the ocean level rose in layer 4, the mollusk thrived because they need water

32.

When did fossil A become extinct?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

33.

Organisms D and C clearly lived in an aquatic (water) environment. Organism A does not look like it lived in the water. What is the most likely explanation for this?

a)

The fossil in layer A died on land and was carried to the water

b)

The fossils in layer C and D did not live in the same location as the fossil in layer A

c)

The environment changed over a long period of time. It used to be under water, but is not anymore

34.
The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called
a)
The Geologic Time Scale
b)
The Origin of Species
c)
The Fossil Record
d)
A really neat fossil collection
35.

Describes a group of living things that are no longer living.

a)

fossil

b)

extinct

c)

endangered

d)

dinosaur

36.

Which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

fossils

37.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

38.

What needs to happen FIRST for a fossil to form?

a)

A plant or animal must be covered by sediment.

b)

A plant or animal must die and decompose.

c)

Sediments fill a a mold to form a cast.

d)

An earthquake shifts the land up.

39.

What needs to happen SECOND for a fossil to form?

a)

A plant or animal must be covered by sediment.

b)

A plant or animal must die and decompose.

c)

Sediments fill a a mold to form a cast.

d)

An earthquake shifts the land up.

40.
The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rock and examples of the fossils each layer contains, Which layer contains the oldest fossils? 
a)
A. Layer 2
b)
B. Layer 4
c)
C. Layer 1
d)
D. Layer 3
41.
Which fossil layer is the youngest? 
a)
A. Layer A
b)
B. Layer B
c)
C. Layer C
d)
D. Layer D
42.

Scientist study the ____________________ to learn about the history of life, past environments on Earth, and how different groups of organisms have changed over time.

a)

fossil record

b)

animal record

c)

historical record

d)

Earth record

43.

Which part of an organism's body typically fossilizes?

a)

Cartilage

b)

Skin and muscles

c)

Teeth and bones

d)

Hair and organs

44.

What can fossils tell us about the past? (check all that apply)

a)

Which organisms used to live on Earth and what they looked like

b)

How the environment has changed

c)

How organisms alive today have changed and adapted over time

d)

How to make a taco

45.

What does the Law of Superposition tell us?

a)

The most superior rock is the top layer of rock

b)

The oldest rock is the most top layer of rock

c)

The youngest rock is the most top layer of rock

d)

The strongest rock is the most top layer of rock

46.

Which of these can often cause extinction of a species? Check all that apply.

a)

Disease

b)

Over-hunting

c)

Invasive Species

d)

Loss of habitat

e)

Lack of food resources

47.

What is speciation?

a)

Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created, often due to the plant or animal being isolated.

b)

Speciation is how species breed with other species, and this often happens on islands.

c)

Speciation is how hybrid species are created, for example, when two different dog breeds mate together.

d)

Speciation is when an entire species gene pool dies.

48.

The preserved remains or evidence of ancient living things...

a)

clay

b)

fossils

c)

igneous rocks

d)

silt

49.

The idea that conditions on Earth change in quick, violent events...

a)

catastrophism

b)

uniformitarianism

50.

The idea that geologic processes occurring today have occurred in the past...

a)

catastrophism

b)

uniformitarianism

51.

How do fossils form?

a)

An organisms is rapidly buried. The sediments and minerals replace the tissues.

b)

An organism is buried slowly. Only bones can become fossils

52.

Which is a mold?

a)

the impression left by an organism

b)

a copy of the organism, like a statue

53.

Which is a cast?

a)

the impression in a rock left by the organism

b)

a copy of the organisms made of sediment

54.

Coal is the carbon left over from plants in between rock layers. Is coal technically a fossil?

a)

yes

b)

no

55.

Who studies ancient environments?

a)

biologists

b)

specialologists

c)

paleontologists

d)

scientologists

56.

What can we learn about by looking at fossils? (Choose 2)

a)

They're really cool.

b)

They are evidence of ancient environments.

c)

They can show how sea level rise could happen.

d)

We can't learn anything by studying fossils.

57.

A scientist finds footprints in a fossilized stream bed. This is a ________.

a)

carbon film

b)

mineral replacement

c)

cast fossil

d)

trace fossil

58.

Fossils could provide evidence for....

a)

relationships between past organisms and current organisms

b)

past organisms only

c)

current organisms only

59.

Which statement is true?

a)

Layer C is the oldest

b)

Layer B is older than Layer A

c)

Layer B is older than Layer C

d)

Layer A is the youngest

60.

Which type of rock can contain fossils?

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Stereosonic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Igneous

61.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

62.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

63.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Forest fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

64.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

65.

Which conditions might lead to fossil formation? (Choose 3)

a)

Decomposition

b)

Getting buried quickly by sediment

c)

getting trapped in a tar pit

d)

getting eaten by another animal

e)

making a footprint in mud

66.

What conclusions could you make about the environment where this fossil formed?

a)

It was under water.

b)

It might have been a grassland.

c)

It was snowy and cold.

d)

It was a desert.

67.

What is a good rule to follow when determining the age of rock layers?

a)

The oldest is always on the top.

b)

The rock layers get older as you dig deeper.

c)

The layers position does not necessarily tell you about the age.

d)

The youngest is always on the bottom.

68.

Which is the most common fossil type?

a)

Body fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Mold fossil

69.

Scientists can study fossils to learn about

the ___________.

a)

past

b)

present

c)

future

d)

none of the above

70.

What most likely made this fossil?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Footprint

d)

Bone

71.

What most likely made this fossil?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Footprint

d)

Bone

72.

A fossil of a fish is found on top of a

mountain. You can argue that the area

was once

a)

underwater

b)

a desert

c)

much colder

d)

much warmer

73.

Over millions of years, trees may become fossilized when they turn into_____

a)

paper

b)

soil

c)

rock

d)

water

74.

Which is a fossil?

a)

bone from a chicken dinner

b)

a live plant

c)

the preserved remains of a plant or animal that lived long ago

d)

a piece of pottery

75.

The body parts of this fossil tell you that this animal _________.

a)

Flew

b)

Hopped

c)

Swam

d)

Crawled

76.

What is the correct listing of steps for a fossil?

a)

1) Pressure created a rock.

2) Plant or animal is buried.

3) Plant or animal is left alone for years.

4) Plant or animal dies.

b)

1) Plant or animal dies.

2) Plant or animal is left alone for years.

3) Pressure created a rock.

4) Plant or animal is buried.

c)

1) Plant or animal dies.

2) Plant or animal is left alone for years.

3) Plant or animal is buried.

4) Pressure created a rock.

d)

1) Plant or animal dies.

2) Plant or animal is buried.

3) Plant or animal is left alone for years.

4) Pressure created a rock.

77.

Scientists discovered the fossilized remains of an unidentified animal. They can tell from its remains that it had gills and fins, but no legs. What conclusion about the animal can they draw from the evidence?

a)

It was a land mammal.

b)

It lived in the water all the time.

c)

It had legs that did not fossilize.

d)

It lived in the water and on land.

78.

How did scientists first learn about dinosaurs?

a)

by studying their fossils

b)

by reading about them

c)

by watching movies

d)

by looking at pictures

79.

What must happen to an organism's body for it to become a fossil?

a)

It must remain above ground.

b)

It must dry out in the sunlight.

c)

It must be buried right after death.

d)

It must be eaten by other animals.

80.

Where are most fossils formed?

a)

near volcanoes, because the high heat of the lava helps to form fossils

b)

in glaciers, because fossils are created when an organism is frozen quickly

c)

in sedimentary rock, because being buried in sediment helps to form fossils

d)

near earthquakes, because the shaking ground traps organisms to create fossils

81.

Which type of scientist studies life that existed

long ago, mostly by studying fossils?

a)

biologist

b)

zoologist

c)

botanist

d)

paleontologist

82.

The picture shows a tooth fossil of the extinct

Megalodon shark next to teeth from a great white

shark, which is still found today.


Which of the following best explains the

difference in the size of the teeth?

a)

Sharks were once larger than the sharks that are living today.

b)

The fossilized tooth was filled with water, which made it grow in size.

c)

Sharks alive today do not live long enough to grow very large teeth..

d)

The fossilized tooth had extra sediment around it, which became a part of it

83.

Which feature helps the most to identify the organism as a plant?

a)

size

b)

color

c)

smell

d)

shape

84.

Which property of the leaf can be learned from

the fossil?

a)

the size of the leaf

b)

the color of the leaf

c)

how fast the leaf grew

d)

which animals ate the leaf

85.

What is the best explanation for the location of the fossil?

a)

This kind of fish was often eaten by land animals.

b)

This kind of fish had once lived on land.

c)

The area used to be filled with water.

d)

The area used to be very cold.

86.

The organism represented in this fossil

a)

fed mostly on fish and algae.

b)

moved by using many tiny legs.

c)

lived in an environment that required a hard shell for protection.

d)

had an internal skeleton that was used to maintain the organism's shape.

87.
Produced when sediments fill in a cavity made when an object decayed 
a)
cast
b)
mold
c)
original remains
88.
Cavity in a rock made when an organism decayed
a)
cast
b)
mold 
c)
original remains
89.
Principle that Earth's processes occurring today are similar to those that occurred in the past 
a)
unconformities 
b)
uniformitariansim 
c)
superposition 
90.
Process that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to determine their ages 
a)
relative dating
b)
radioactive decay 
c)
absolute dating
91.
Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 
a)
superposition 
b)
uniformitarianism
c)
half-life
92.
Gaps in rock records made when agents of erosion remove existing rock layers 
a)
fossils
b)
unconformities
c)
permineralized remains
93.
Method by which a geologist can calculate the absolute age of the rock by knowing the half-life of an isotope 
a)
radiometric dating
b)
relative dating
c)
absolute dating
94.
Time it takes for half of an isotopes atoms to decay 
a)
relative age 
b)
absolute age 
c)
half-life
95.
Fossil of thin layer of carbon atoms and molecules 
a)
original remains 
b)
carbon film
c)
trace fossil
96.
Formed when original material in skeletal remains are replaced by minerals 
a)
original remains 
b)
fossil
c)
permineralized remains 
97.
Method by which order of events or age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a layer 
a)
relative dating
b)
absolute dating
c)
radiometric dating
98.
Remains, imprints or traces of once-living organisms
a)
water
b)
superposition
c)
fossils 
99.
Process that occurs when the number of protons in an atom is changed and new element is formed 
a)
radioactive decay 
b)
radiometric dating 
c)
absolute age 
100.
Fossils of species that existed for  short periods and were widespread 
a)
trace fossils 
b)
index fossils 
c)
original remains 
101.
Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 
a)
A,B,C,D
b)
D,C,B,A
102.
Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 
a)
C,E,D,A,B
b)
C,E,D,A,B
c)
C,E, D,B,A
103.
Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 
a)
A,D, C, B, E
b)
E, B,C D, A
c)
B,E,C, D, A
104.
_______ are the preserved remains or traces of living things.
a)
bones
b)
fossils
c)
artifacts
d)
organic matter
105.
Fossils can provide evidence of how life has changed over time, how Earth's surface has changed, and clues about what past environments were like.
a)
True
b)
False
106.
In what type of rock would you typically find fossils?
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
rocky
107.
Most fossils form from animals or plants that once lived in or near _____________
a)
deserts
b)
ice tundras
c)
water
d)
forrests
108.
Which parts of an organism are more likely to fossilize?
a)
the soft parts - skin, muscle
b)
the hard parts - bones, shells, stems
c)
all parts can become fossilized easily because the organism becomes buried by sediments
109.
A _______ is a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
a)
mold
b)
cast
c)
petrified fossil
d)
trace fossil
110.
A _______ is a solid copy of the shape of an organism.
a)
mold
b)
cast 
c)
petrified fossil
d)
trace fossil
111.
_______________ are fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism.
a)
carbon films
b)
trace fossils
c)
petrified fossils
d)
amber
112.
These fossils provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms.
a)
petrified fossils
b)
trace fossils
c)
molds
d)
amber
113.
A dinosaur track, a trail, and burrow are all examples of
a)
casts
b)
molds
c)
trace fossils
d)
preserved remains
114.
Becoming trapped in tar and amber, and freezing are other processes besides fossilization that organisms can be preserved.
a)
True
b)
False
115.
All the information that paleontologists have gathered about past life is called the _____
a)
geologic time
b)
geologic eras
c)
fossil eras
d)
fossil record
116.
If you found a rock containing a very complex fossil, you could infer that the rock is 
a)
relatively young
b)
very old
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
117.
This is an example of a 
a)
Trace fossil
b)
cast fossil
c)
fossil mold
d)
carbon film
118.
This is an example of a
a)
cast fossil
b)
mold fossil
c)
trace fossil
d)
carbon film
119.

Most fossils form when living things die and are buried by _______________ that hardens into rock over time.

a)

sediment

b)

people

c)

cement

d)

ants

120.

What type of fossils provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms?

a)

molds and casts

b)

petrified fossils

c)

trace fossils

d)

carbon films

121.

An organism is ______________ if it no longer exits and will never live again on Earth.

a)

rare

b)

extinct

c)

plentiful

d)

missing

122.

A ______________________ is a scientist who studies fossils.

a)

biologist

b)

chemist

c)

paleontologist

d)

astronomer

123.

Which of the following substances is not able to preserve entire organisms?

a)

sticky tar

b)

water

c)

amber

d)

ice

124.

Scientist study the ____________________ to learn about the history of life, past environments on Earth, and how different groups of organisms have changed over time.

a)

fossil record

b)

animal record

c)

historical record

d)

Earth record

125.
People who study fossils are called ____.
a)
meterologists
b)
fossilologists
c)
paleontologists
d)
fossil hunters
126.
In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?
a)
sedimentary  rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
127.

Where can the oldest layer be found?

a)

The top layer

b)

The middle layer

c)

They are all the same age

d)

The bottom layer

128.

Which layer formed first?

a)

Rock Layer W

b)

Rock Layer X

c)

Rock Layer Y

d)

Rock Layer Z

129.
If scientists found this fossil, what could they infer?
a)
what fish are like today
b)
that this fish lacked oxygen
c)
what kind of animal ate this fish
d)
that water once covered the area
130.

Which animal part would most likely form a fossil?

a)

Muscle

b)

Fur

c)

Lung

d)

Bone

131.

The remains of an organism studied by scientists is called a ____________.

a)

paleontologist

b)

fossil

c)

dinosaur

d)

shark

132.

Which would be an example of a fossil?

a)

Sedimentary Rock

b)

Dinosaur Footprint

c)

Oyster Pearl

d)

Rotting Log

133.

Which type of fossil is created when an organism gets trapped in tree resin?

a)

Trace

b)

Mold/Imprint

c)

Amber

d)

Cast

134.

Which is NOT a way an organism could become a fossil?

a)

It can be frozen in ice.

b)

It can be quickly buried in sediment after death.

c)

It can be trapped in the resin of a tree.

d)

It can be left out in the sun to decompose.

135.

An organism should be buried quickly after it dies if it has a chance of becoming a fossil

a)

True

b)

False

136.

How do scientists learn about dinosaurs?

a)

by studying fossils

b)

by reading about them

c)

by watching movies

d)

by visiting Jurassic Park

137.

What conclusions could you make about the environment where the animal that made this fossil lived in?

a)

It was under water because it has fins.

b)

It might have been a grassland because it has 4 legs.

c)

It could fly and live in trees because it has wings.

138.

What is a good rule to follow when determining the age of rock layers?

a)

The oldest is always on the top.

b)

The rock layers get older as you dig deeper.

c)

The youngest is always on the bottom.

139.
this type of fossil provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms; examples include marks left by footprints or tails
a)
mold
b)
carbon film
c)
trace
d)
cast
140.
Why do bones and teeth remain as part of some fossils?
a)
they are white
b)
bones are large
c)
the parts are hard 
d)
bones decay easily
141.
Behavioral changes of individuals of a species that allow for better survival. (Acquired traits)
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
142.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
143.
Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection.
a)
Survival of the Fittest
b)
Extinction
c)
Derived trait
d)
Artificial Selection
144.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)
light 
b)
dark
145.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

146.
An example of a behavioral adaptation is
a)
The long neck of a giraffe
b)
Penguins huddling together for warmth
c)
A camel's hump used to store water
d)
A polar bear's white fur used for camouflage
147.
An example of a physical adaptation is...
a)
a turtle hiding inside its shell
b)
The spikes on a porcupine fish
c)
a rabbit burrowing underground
d)
a viper biting when threatened
148.
A trait is :
a)
a removal
b)
a characteristic
c)
 a change
d)
a sequence
149.
To inherit means:
a)
To receive
b)
To change
c)
To create
d)
To give
150.

part of DNA that codes for a specific trait

a)

gene

b)

chromosome