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2.1-2.5 Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
2.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
3.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
4.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
5.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
6.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
7.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
8.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
9.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
10.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
11.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
12.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
13.
Why does DNA stay in the nueclus?
a)
To protect it from becoming damaged.
b)
It is lazy. 
c)
It is grounded. 
d)
It cannot move. 
14.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
15.
Meiosis produces different types of cells than mitosis. If there was a "meiosis club," all of these cells could be included EXCEPT
(Which cell type is not produced in meiosis?)
a)
gametes
b)
body cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
egg cells
16.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
17.
DNA is a polymer made of:
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
18.
What will the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT?
a)
AACGATA
b)
TTCGTTA
c)
CCTGATA
d)
TTCGATA
19.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
20.
Who were the first guys to build a model of a DNA molecule?
a)
Larry, Moe, and Curley Joe
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Watson and Holmes
d)
Superman and Batman
21.

Which of the following is a base pair?

a)

Adenine - Cytosine

b)

Cytosine - Thymine

c)

Deoxyribose - Cytosine

d)

Cytosine - Guanine

22.

A chromosome is composed of two identical sister

a)

centromeres

b)

chromatids

c)

autosomes

d)

somatic cells

23.

The disc shaped protein core that DNA wraps around is called

a)

histone

b)

nucleosome

c)

chromatin

d)

gene

24.

Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes (example: 2n = 46) are called

a)

gametes

b)

haploid

c)

diploid

d)

chromatin

25.

Chromosomes contain genetic information in the form of

a)

DNA

b)

histone

c)

centromere

d)

karyotypes

26.

A picture or image of a person's chromosomes taken through a microscope

a)

pedigree

b)

centromere

c)

karyotype

d)

none are correct

27.

Sister chromatids are held together by a

a)

histone core

b)

chromatin

c)

nucleosome

d)

centromere

28.

Gametes that contain one set of chromosomes (example: n = 23) are called

a)

diploid

b)

autosomes

c)

haploid

d)

somatic cells

29.

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual

a)

autosomes

b)

sex chromosomes

c)

gametes

d)

chromatids

30.

A histone core with DNA wrapped around it is called a

a)

somatic cell

b)

gene

c)

centromere

d)

nucleosome

31.

A segment of DNA

a)

nucleosome

b)

gene

c)

histone

d)

chromatin

32.

Body cells are also known as

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

somatic cells

c)

gametes

d)

sperm or egg

33.

Determine the sex of an individual and are represented by XX or XY

a)

sex chromosomes

b)

autosomes

c)

somatic cells

d)

diploid cells

34.

Made of chromatin and become visible during cell division

a)

chromosomes

b)

histones

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleosomes

35.

Haploid in the number of chromosomes they contain (example: sperm or egg)

a)

somatic cells

b)

muscle cells

c)

gametes

d)

neurons

36.
The cell cycle is ______________.
a)
the process of cells circling throughout the body
b)
the process of splitting the organelles
c)
a process where one cell gets energy
d)
the sequence of stages of growth and division that a cell undergoes
37.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
38.
What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?
a)
meiosis
b)
fertilization
c)
cell division
d)
mitosis
39.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
40.
The division of the nucleus is known as:
a)
Synthesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
G1
d)
G2
41.

the division of the cytoplasm is called

a)

mitosis

b)

interphase

c)

cytokinesis

d)

somatic

42.
Cytokinesis is the creation of two identical cells called _____.
a)
children cells
b)
new cells
c)
daughter cells
d)
son cells
43.

Chromosomes are made up of two identical sister _____________.

a)

chloroplasts

b)

nuclei

c)

chromatids

d)

genes

44.
Which part of the Cell Cycle takes the longest?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Cytokinesis
45.
The ___________ holds the replicated sister chromatids together.
a)
centriole
b)
chromosomes
c)
centromere
d)
cycles
46.

What is apoptosis?

a)

programmed cell death

b)

cell growth

c)

division of DNA

47.
During the ___ phase, DNA is replicated.
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
48.

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

a)

To repair damaged cells before they enter cell division.

b)

To remove damaged cells from an organism.

49.

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

50.

When is apoptosis initiated?

a)

When DNA damage is repaired.

b)

When cells are removed from the cell cycle.

c)

When DNA damage cannot be repaired.

51.
This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure DNA has been replicated correctly during S phase.
a)
G1 Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
M Checkpoint
d)
I Checkpoint
52.
Which of the following phases is not included in interphase?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
53.

Why is the Cell Cycle often represented as a circle?

a)

Because it is easy to draw

b)

Because the cell cycle has a distinct beginning and end point

c)

to highlight the checkpoints

d)

to show that it repeats over and over

54.

What part of the cell cycle is considered interphase? Select all that apply.

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

M

55.

What part of the cell cycle is considered interphase? Select all that apply.

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

M

56.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
57.
If there are 30 chromosomes in the blood cells, how many chromosomes will be in the bone cells? 
a)
15
b)
60
c)
30
d)
120
58.
The time between cell divisions in the life cycle of the cell is called
a)
anaphase
b)
interphase
c)
prophase
d)
metaphase
59.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

60.

Squirrels have 40 chromosomes in its diploid cells. How many chromosomes will you find in their egg cells

a)

40

b)

23

c)

20

d)

Not enough information to answer the question

61.

What is the pair of sex chromosomes in females?

a)

Y

b)

X

c)

XY

d)

XX

62.

A segment of DNA that codes for a trait

a)

gene

b)

centromere

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatid

63.

A version or variation of a gene

a)

trait

b)

gene

c)

allele

d)

DNA

64.

The alleles that an organism has/inherits are its

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

chromosome

d)

recessive

65.

The observable expression of a trait is its

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

chromosome

d)

allele

66.

Long strands of DNA are wrapped into

a)

DNA

b)

Chromosome

c)

Alleles

d)

Phenotype

67.
Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
68.
The study of the genome is known as
a)
Biology
b)
Genomics
c)
Genes
d)
Heredity
69.
The genomes of two unrelated humans are ___% the same.
a)
90.0
b)
0.1%
c)
78%
d)
99.9%
70.
Alternative forms of a gene are called
a)
Alleles
b)
Homozygous
c)
DNA
d)
Genetics
71.

A dominant allele is written as a(n)

a)

lower case letter

b)

upper case letter

c)

unicorn emoji

d)

question mark

72.

A recessive allele is written as a(n)

a)

lower case letter

b)

upper case letter

c)

hashtag

d)

smiley face

73.
If a trait is recessive, it needs to be inherited from ___ parents to be 'expressed'.
a)
one
b)
both
74.

Example of homozygous genes are (select two)

a)

FF

b)

ff

c)

Ff

75.

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

a)

A

b)

Aa

c)

AA

d)

aa

76.

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?

a)

Tt

b)

tt

c)

TT

d)

tT

77.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
78.

If polydactyly (born with extra toes/fingers) is a dominant trait in cats, then which of the following genotype(s) would produce a cat with extra toes? (Select all that apply.)

a)

TT

b)

Tt

c)

tt

79.

Having freckles is dominant to not having freckles. June does NOT have any freckles. Which genotype(s) could she have? (Select all that apply.)

a)

FF

b)

Ff

c)

ff

80.

When clasping hands, having the left thumb on top is dominant to having the right thumb on top. If Justin's genotype for this trait is TT, which thumb is on top?

a)

Right thumb

b)

Left thumb

81.

Having detached earlobes is dominant over having attached earlobes. If Hope's genotype is ee, what is the phenotype?

a)

Detached earlobes

b)

Attached earlobes

82.

The F2F_2  generation is the result of:

a)

crossing 2 true breeding individuals

b)

crossing 2 member of the F1F_1   generation

c)

a situation of codominance

d)

genetic linkage

83.

Which of the following is homozygous recessive?

a)

RR

b)

Rr

c)

rR

d)

rr

84.

Which genotypes are heterozygous?

a)

EE

b)

tt

c)

Rr

d)

Both EE and tt

85.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
86.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
87.
Incomplete dominance means that the traits are
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
88.

Which of these are examples of a genetic trait? Choose two.

a)

the type of music you listen to

b)

your eye color

c)

your natural hair texture

d)

the language you speak

89.

A _________ is a genetically-determined characteristic. These are parts of you that are coded in your DNA.

a)

mutation

b)

anomaly

c)

evolution

d)

trait

90.
A phenotype is the...
a)
letter combination
b)
dominant gene
c)
recessive gene
d)
physical appearance
91.
describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
genetics
d)
genes
92.
reproductive process that produces haploid sex cells
a)
meiosis
b)
genetics
c)
heredity
d)
DNA
93.

_________is used to solve genetic crossing of parents and possible offsprings

a)

Genetics

b)

Punnett Square

c)

Phenotypes

d)

Probability

94.

Down's syndrome is caused by have a 3rd copy of which chromosome?

a)

3

b)

22

c)

21

d)

17

95.

Who created the punnett square?

a)

Reginald Punnett

b)

Thomas Jefferson

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Chris Rock

96.

What is a punnett square?

a)

A chart showing a 100% what your baby will look like

b)

A picture of a man on the subway eating a 18 ft subway sandwhich

c)

A chart that shows possiable number combonations

d)

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

97.

How is the Punnett Square set up?

a)

Parents genotypes on the inside and offspring is on the outside

b)

The genotypes of each parent are on the sides and the offspring is in the boxes

c)

Grandparents genotypes on the sides and offspring in the box

98.

Which allele is masked over by which?

a)

Dominate is masked by the recessive

b)

Recessive is masked by the dominant

c)

Neither is masked

d)

Both are masked

99.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
100.

Aa, DD, Ba, and yy are all examples of ---

a)

genotypes

b)

phenotypes

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