Logical interpretation based on what is already known.

Data that is DESCRIPTIVE and collected using your senses. Think quality!

Standard units scaled on multiples of 10 and universally accepted by scientists throughout the world.

Variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable. Factor being measured and graphed on the Y-axis. Think results!

Variable that is deliberately changed & manipulated by you in an experiment. Graphed on the X-axis.

Application of scientific knowledge to solve human needs. Also called applied science.

Refers to how close your results are to each other. The exactness of measurements.

Data that is numerical (NUMBERS) and collected using specific tools of measurement. Think quantity!

Organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world. “Process of inquiry that searches for relationships that explain and predict nature”.

Preference or point of view that is personal and NOT scientific.

Group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment and it is used to compare data.

Possible scientific explanation of an observation that can be tested.

The study of life.

Act of noticing objects or events by using your senses.

Explanation based on many repeated observations; well supported hypothesis.

Refers to how close results are to actual/accepted results. The closeness of measurements to actual value.

The factor that remains fixed during an experiment while other variables change.

Logo (picture) designed to alert you about a specific danger that may be present in a lab activity.

Tests hypothesis under controlled conditions.

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another.

Molecule that consists of 3 parts: 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Building blocks of nucleic acids.

Nucleic acid that directs the production of proteins.

Smaller units or smaller molecules. Building blocks of bigger molecules.

Simple, single sugar molecule. Example: Glucose

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen making up fats, oils, and waxes.

Compound that contains CARBON.

Measures the acidity of a solution and ranges from 0 to 14. Tests for acids and bases.

The minimum amount of energy needed to START a chemical reaction.

Substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH^-) when dissolved in water.

pH is greater than 7.

Macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1.

GIANT of LARGE molecule made from smaller molecules bonding together. 4 major categories.

The starting substances in a chemical reaction.

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst speeding up reactions in cells.

Substance that reacts with acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.

Compound with an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and variable R group. Building blocks of proteins.

Molecule made from repeating units of smaller molecules all covalently bonded together.

Reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

The substance that is produced by a chemical reaciton.

Genetic material needed to live, grow, and reproduce. Nucleic acid called the GENETIC CODE.

Substance that forms hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.

pH is less than 7.

Perfect fit between nitrogen bases: adenine bonds with thymine and guanine bonds with cytosine.

Cells that do NOT contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.

Some substances can pass across cell membrane and others cannot.

Basic unit of LIFE.

Small membrane bound vesicle filled with enzymes that break down substances such as excess or worn-out organelles and food paritcles.

Specialized substructures that carry out specific cell functions.

Membrane bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials within the cytoplasm.

Area in the cell that contains a semi-fluid material outside of the nucleus.

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds ALL cells.

Organelle made of microtubules that organizes cell division.

Organelle that converts sugars into usable ENERGY through a process called cellular respiration.

One of the fundamental concepts of biology that describes the properties of cells.

Two layers of phosopholipids arranged tail to tail.

Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that act as a supporting layer around the plasma membrane.

Flattened stacks of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacks called vesicles.

Central organelle that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls cell's activities.

Supporting network of protein filaments that form a framework and gives a cell its shape.

Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis.

Non membrane bound organelle that produce proteins.

Cells that have DNA in a nucleus and contain many other organelles.

System of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serve as the site for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate synthesis.

Movement of materials across the cell membrane that does not require energy and follows the concentration gradient.

Movement of materials across the cell membrane that does require energy and goes against the concentration gradient.

Net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area where there are fewer particles. Does not require energy and follows the concentration gradient.

Cell movement that uses protein channels and requires energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration.

The concentration of solute in the cell is the same as the concentration of solute outside of the cell.

The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than the concentration of solute outside of the cell.

The concentration of solute in the cell is lower than the concentration of solute outside of the cell.

The force produced from the net movement of water into or out of a cell.

Constant internal physical and chemical conditions.

Nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can replicate only by

infecting living cells.

Process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen.

Third stage of aerobic cell respiration.

Innermost compartment of the mitochondria.

An organism that obtains food and energy from consuming living things. Also called a consumer.

Flattened saclike photosynthetic membranes found in the chloroplasts.

Second stage of photosynthesis.

Process that does not require oxygen. "Not in air"

Organelle that converts fuel particles (food) into useable energy (ATP). Main function is cell respiration.

A series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide.

Plants' principal pigment which causes them to appear green.

First stage of cell respiration.

Reaction that requires direct involvement of light.

Organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy. Main function is photosynthesis.

Stacks of thylakoids.

The most important compound cells use to store and release energy.

Fold in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Process that requires oxygen. "In air"

The process in which glucose is broken down by enzymes in the cytoplasm. "Sugar breaking"

First stage of photosynthesis.

The process in which autotrophs use the sun to produce carbohydrates (sugars).

Ability to do work.

Process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.

Second stage of aerobic cell respiration.

An energy molecule composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups.

Reactions that use high energy electrons to convert ADP into ATP during cell respiration.

Reaction that requires no light.

Fluid portion of the chloroplast.

Light absorbing molecule found in the thylakoid membranes.

Light independent reaction that builds carbohydrates (sugars) by using ATP, NADPH, and CO₂.

An organism that captures energy from the sun or inorganic substance to make their own food. Also called a producer.