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Worksheets

Fall '23 Earth Science Review

Total questions: 198

Worksheet time: 4hrs 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The property of a mineral splitting evenly along a flat surface is

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage

d)

Fracture

2.

The property of a mineral splitting unevenly is

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage

d)

Fracture

3.

How a mineral reflects light from its surface is known as

a)

Streak

b)

Element

c)

Fracture

d)

Luster

4.

The color of the powder left behind by a mineral.

a)

Streak

b)

Cleavage

c)

Color

d)

Luster

5.

A mineral's color when it is ground into powder.

a)

Structure

b)

Luster

c)

Hardness

d)

Streak

6.

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

a)

Texture

b)

Luster

c)

Hardness

d)

Streak

7.

Which of the following is NOT a way to identify a mineral?

a)

Streak

b)

Denisty

c)

Luster

d)

Crumble

8.

Which of the following is a characteristic of all minerals?

a)

Crystalline structure

b)

Fills the shape of its container

c)

Usually organic

d)

Random chemical composition

9.

What is fracture?

a)

Ability to reflect light

b)

A break in parallel planes

c)

Uneven break

10.
Means that a mineral cannot come from something that was once living.
a)
Inorganic
b)
Organic
c)
Naturally Occurring
d)
Not Living
11.
When identifying minerals, _______ can be tested by scratching the surface with different materials such as your fingernail or a coin.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Density
c)
Hardness
d)
Streak
12.

One special property of mica that would help you tell it apart from any other mineral is that it

a)

bubbles in acid.

b)

breaks into thin sheets.

c)

is the only gray mineral.

d)

can scratch all other minerals.

13.

You and your classmates have been challenged to identify six minerals. You begin with a glassy, pink mineral. The mineral can scratch glass. Based on these three properties, the mineral is MOST LIKELY

a)

calcite

b)

feldspar

c)

gypsum

d)

quartz

14.

Calcite can scratch -

a)

Apatite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

15.

Diamond is the hardest mineral.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

What type of property test is a mineralogist conducting when she rubs a mineral over a mirror, tile, or hard surface?

a)

Streak Test

b)

Luster Test

c)

Appearance Test

d)

Cracking Test

17.
What is the LEAST useful way to identify a mineral?
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
color
d)
density
18.
A mineral is a _______________, naturally occuring solid that has its own regular arrangement of particles in it.
a)
Living
b)
Nonliving
c)
Rock
d)
Small
19.
The hardest mineral is the ______________.
a)
Diamond
b)
Corundum
c)
Topaz
d)
Calcite
20.
The softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness scale
a)
Gypsum
b)
Talc
c)
Diamond
d)
Feldspar
21.

Which one is not a property used to identify minerals?

a)

streak

b)

luster

c)

hardness

d)

size

22.

What is a crystal?

a)

A pure material that can’t be changed.

b)

Material with a regular,repeating arrangement of atoms.

c)

A foggy like material.

23.

The most common minerals on Earth are...

a)

Silicates

b)

Metals

c)

Alloys

d)

Carbonates

24.

Describe the cleavage of the mineral pictured

a)

3 planes @ 90 degrees

b)

1 plane

c)

No cleavage pictured

d)

2 planes @ less than 90 degrees

25.

What is the best method to distinguish between muscovite mica and biotite mica?

a)

color

b)

specific gravity

c)

streak

d)

cleavage

26.

What is the mineral name for table salt?

a)

Gypsym

b)

Calcite

c)

Halite

d)

Dolomite

27.

Quartz has only one color.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

All minerals have cleavage.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

What do we call minerals that are made of only one element (like gold or diamond)?

a)

Trace Elements

b)

Igneous Rocks

c)

Native Elements

d)

Original Matter

30.

What do we call the outer-most electrons that govern how an atom behaves?

a)

Valence Electrons

b)

S Cloud

c)

Lewis Dots

d)

Electron Energy Levels

31.

How does an atom become stable?

a)

It gets married and has some kids

b)

It gains the proper number of neutrons

c)

It fills its nucleus with protons

d)

It fills its valence electron shell

32.

Why is anthracite coal not considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

Because it isn't inorganic

d)

Because it isn't naturally occuring

33.

Why isn't granite considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

It is a mineral

d)

Because it isn't naturally occuring

34.

This glow is an indicator of which special property?

a)

Magnetism

b)

Fluorescence

c)

Double Refraction

d)

Transparency

35.

Which mineral is this?

a)

Halite

b)

Quartz

c)

Fluorite

d)

Mica

36.

What do we call this type of crystal shape?

a)

Monoclinic

b)

Hexagonal

c)

Cubic

d)

Conchoidal Cleavage

37.

Why isn't volcanic glass (obsidian) considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

It doesn't have a crystalline structure

d)

Because it isn't naturally occuring

38.

In a closed system, the only thing that can enter or leave is

a)

Matter

b)

Mass

c)

Energy

d)

Nothing - Closed means nothing in or out

39.

A beaker of water is heated over a laboratory burner. This is an example of what?

a)

Open System

b)

Closed System

c)

Isolated System

d)

System of a Down

40.

A jar containing plant material and water is sealed and left in sunlight. This is an example of what?

a)

Open System

b)

Closed System

c)

Isolated System

d)

Barter System

41.

A theoretical system in which neither physical material, nor energy is able to get in or out would be called what?

a)

Open System

b)

Closed System

c)

Isolated System

d)

Non-Isolated System

42.

One reason Earth is not entirely a closed system is because __________.

a)

Sunlight enters the atmosphere

b)

Energy is reflected back into space

c)

The atmosphere loses hydrogen to space

d)

New matter forms on the surface of Earth

43.

What is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth is called?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Geosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Hydrosphere

44.

Where do we find the majority of Earth's freshwater?

a)

Mixed with salt in the Ocean

b)

As groundwater

c)

Frozen in Glaciers

d)

In clouds as water vapor

45.

You are considered to be part of Earth’s ___________.

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Geosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Hydrosphere

46.

Which of the following has the greatest mass?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Geosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Hydrosphere

47.

The lava from a volcano destroying a nearby forest is an example of which spheres interacting?

a)

Hydrosphere and Geosphere

b)

Geosphere and Biosphere

c)

Geosphere and Atmosphere

d)

Hydrosphere and Atmosphere

48.

Lava hitting water and forming Pumice would be an example of which spheres interacting?

a)

Geosphere and Atmosphere

b)

Geosphere and Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere and Biosphere

d)

Geosphere and Hydrosphere

49.

What is a sequence of events that repeats itself?

a)

Model

b)

Cycle

c)

System

d)

Time-line

50.

The carbon cycle is an example of which of the following?

a)

Atmospheric Cycle

b)

Tri-Cycle

c)

Hydrosphere Cycle

d)

Biochemical Cycle

51.

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon can enter the atmosphere?

a)

Animals breathing

b)

Volcanic Eruptions

c)

Plant's Photosynthesis

d)

Campfires

52.

What is the primary source for nearly all of Earth's energy sources?

a)

The Sun

b)

The core of the earth

c)

Supernovas

d)

Nuclear Decay

53.

What happens to Earth's climate if we take in more energy than we release?

a)

Earth warms up

b)

Earth cools down

c)

Earth becomes brighter

d)

Nothing. Absolutely nothing.

54.

As a general rule, what is the main goal of science?

a)

To be right

b)

Scientific Law

c)

To better understand the natural world

d)

To better understand experiments

55.

Where does every scientific advance, or bit of technology start off?

a)

On a chalk/dry erase board

b)

In a lab

c)

In a textbook or classroom

d)

In the mind of a person

56.

Why do scientists need to be skeptical?

a)

So they can challenge long held beliefs

b)

So they can accept scientific facts

c)

To make better hypothesis

d)

Because non-skeptical scientists are boring

57.

At which point does a scientific theory become a law?

a)

When it has been tried and tested 10 times

b)

When 10 scientific experts have accepted it as truth

c)

When it has been published in at least 10 peer reviewed journals

d)

It can't, they are fundamentally different things.

58.

Which tool has revolutionized Earth Science more in the last 30 years than any other.

a)

Computer

b)

Telescope

c)

Sextant

d)

Shovel

59.

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question

a)

hypothesis

b)

prediction

c)

law

d)

theory

60.

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results

a)

inquiry

b)

hypothesis

c)

theory

d)

law

61.

Which cycle of matter involves many types of bacteria?

a)

Carbon

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Water

62.

Which cycle of matter is most affected by the burning of fossil fuels?

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Water

63.

Earth system that involves living things

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Biosphere

64.

Which of these is NOT a branch of Earth Science?

a)

Geology

b)

Meteorology

c)

Astrology

d)

Oceanography

65.

The study of the atmosphere and processes that produce weather and climate.

a)

Meteorology

b)

Astrology

c)

Oceanography

d)

Geology

66.

Includes oceans, freshwater, streams, lakes and glaciers.

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Geosphere

d)

Atmosphere

67.

This sphere interacts will ALL other Earth's spheres.

a)

Geosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Biosphere

68.

What type of rock is formed from cooling Lava?

a)

Extrusive Igneous

b)

Intrusive Igneous

c)

Contact Metamorphic

d)

Regional Metamorphic

69.

What type of rock is formed from cooling Magma?

a)

Extrusive Igneous

b)

Intrusive Igneous

c)

Contact Metamorphic

d)

Regional Metamorphic

70.

What type of rock is formed from other rocks that come into contact with heat from Magma?

a)

Extrusive Igneous

b)

Intrusive Igneous

c)

Contact Metamorphic

d)

Regional Metamorphic

71.

What type of rock is formed from other rocks that are under heat and pressure from rock layers above?

a)

Extrusive Igneous

b)

Intrusive Igneous

c)

Contact Metamorphic

d)

Regional Metamorphic

72.

Which type of rock is formed from large (gravel sized) pieces of rock that are cemented together?

a)

Clastic - Conglomerate

b)

Clastic - Sandstone

c)

Clastic - Shale

d)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

73.

Which type of rock is formed from the smallest (silt sized) pieces of rock that are cemented together?

a)

Clastic - Conglomerate

b)

Clastic - Sandstone

c)

Clastic - Shale

d)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

74.

Which type of rock is formed from the leftover pieces of organisms (like shell pieces) that are cemented together?

a)

Clastic - Conglomerate

b)

Clastic - Shale

c)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

75.

Which type of rock is formed from the dissolved materials in water that either precipitate out, or come out as the water evaporates?

a)

Clastic - Sandstone

b)

Clastic - Shale

c)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

76.

Which type of rock has a high concentration of Iron and Magnesium giving them a darker color?

a)

Felsic Rock

b)

Gabbro Rocks

c)

Mafic Rock

d)

Feldspar

77.

Which type of rock has a high concentration of Silicates giving them a lighter color?

a)

Felsic Rock

b)

Gabbro Rocks

c)

Mafic Rock

d)

Feldspar

78.

Based on the picture, what type of igneous rock do you think this would be?

a)

Felsic

b)

Extrusive

c)

Intrusive

d)

Clastic

79.

Based on the picture, what type of rock do you think this would be?

a)

Felsic

b)

Mafic

c)

Intrusive

d)

Clastic

80.

What is the difference between Breccia and Conglomerate?

a)

Breccia is Spanish for Conglomerate

b)

Breccia is volcanic, while Conglomerates form in the ocean

c)

Breccia has sharp angles in its particles, conglomerates are rounded.

d)

Breccia has a uniform appearance, while conglomerates have noticeable "chunks"

81.

Based on the picture, what type of rock do you think this would be?

a)

Felsic

b)

Mafic

c)

Intrusive

d)

Clastic

82.

Based on the picture, what type of rock do you think this would be?

a)

Felsic

b)

Mafic

c)

Intrusive

d)

Clastic

83.

What is the general term for an intrusion of magma into other rock layers that later cools into igneous rock?

a)

Intruder

b)

Swiper

c)

Cross Cutter

d)

Pluton

84.

What do we call an igneous intrusion that is a cooled magma chamber, resulting in a large amount of intrusive igneous rock?

a)

Neck

b)

Sill

c)

Dike

d)

Batholith

85.

What do we call an igneous intrusion that seeps between two layers of rock, forming a long flat pluton?

a)

Neck

b)

Sill

c)

Dike

d)

Batholith

86.

What do we call an igneous intrusion that occurs from the magma inside of a dead volcano?

a)

Neck

b)

Sill

c)

Dike

d)

Batholith

87.

Bituminous Coal is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Intrusive Igenous

b)

Clastic Sedimentary

c)

Organic Sedimentary

d)

Regional Metamorphic

88.

Obsidian is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Intrusive Igenous

b)

Extrusive Igneous

c)

Organic Sedimentary

d)

Regional Metamorphic

89.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Bituminous Coal as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Marble

c)

Anthracite Coal

d)

Lignite Coal

90.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Limestone as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Marble

c)

Lignite Coal

d)

Quartzite

91.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Sandstone as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Marble

c)

Gneiss

d)

Quartzite

92.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Granite as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Marble

c)

Gneiss

d)

Lignite Coal

93.
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called
a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Convergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
94.
A Plate Boundary where two plates move toward each other is called
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
95.
Convergent Plate Movement can create
a)
Rifts
b)
Mountains
c)
Ocean Ridges
d)
Radiation
96.
Divergent Plate movement can create
a)
Convection Currents
b)
Conduction
c)
Mountains
d)
Rifts and ocean ridges
97.
When pressure builds between two tectonic plates, it can suddenly release causing a (an) ______________________
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano
c)
Convection Current
d)
Gravitational Pull
98.
Created by a divergent boundary.
a)
Rocky Mountains
b)
Mariana Trench
c)
Mid Atlantic ridge
99.
Mountains form from ...
a)
plates sliding past one another
b)
collision of plates
c)
plates moving away from each other
100.
During sea floor spreading, molten material rises up from the mantle...
a)
along the continents
b)
at the mid ocean ridges
c)
deep ocean trenches
d)
at north and south poles
101.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
102.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

103.
What is this a picture of?
a)
plate tectonics
b)
continental drift
c)
pangea
d)
glacier scaring
104.

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

a)

along the edges of all the continents.

b)

along mid-ocean ridges.

c)

in deep-ocean trenches.

d)

at the north and south poles.

105.

The theory that the continents have not always been in their present locations but have moved there over millions of years

a)

Continental Drift Theory

b)

Plate Tectonics

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Lystrasaurus

106.

The place where two plates meet.

a)

plate boundary

b)

tectonic plate

c)

asthenosphere

d)

crust

107.

Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other

a)

transform

b)

divergent

c)

convergent

d)

strike-slip

108.

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it

a)

mountain chain

b)

rift

c)

subduction zone

d)

hot spot

109.

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

a)

stressing

b)

seafloor spreading

c)

subduction

d)

shearing

110.

a valley formed by the separation of tectonic plates

a)

deep ocean trench

b)

rift valley

c)

oceanic ridge

111.

The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

convection currents in the Asthenosphere

c)

the gravity of the iron-nickel core.

d)

the Moho discontinuity.

112.

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

a)

The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

b)

Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

c)

Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

d)

Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

113.
What geological forces might be responsible for this range of mountains?
a)
diverging tectonic plates
b)
erosion of the land by the ocean
c)
converging tectonic plates
d)
deposition of sediments by the ocean
114.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
115.
The area around the pacific plate where boundaries form is called...
a)
death ring
b)
fire zone
c)
ring of fire
d)
zone of fire
116.

The San Andreas Fault in California is known as an active earthquake area. What type of

boundary is it?

a)

Converging

b)

Diverging

c)

Transform

d)

Sea Floor Spreading

117.
The Himalayas in Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?
a)
divergent
b)
continent-to-continent convergent
c)
ocean-to-continent convergent
d)
transform
118.
What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?
a)
Rift Valley
b)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
c)
Island Arc
d)
Flat land
119.
What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?
a)
Volcano
b)
Mountain
c)
Rift
d)
Island Arc
120.

The rigid section of the earth that move as a unit is called..........

a)

Gravitational Pull

b)
Volcanic Eruption
c)

Tectonic plates

d)
Convection Current
121.
Magma that reaches the surface is called:
a)
Vent
b)
Hot spot
c)
Lava
d)
Cinders
122.
The more silica that magma contains...
a)
the thicker the magma
b)
the thinner the magma
c)
the higher the viscosity
d)
the runnier the magma
123.
The belt of volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean is called:
a)
Island arc
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Lava plateau
d)
Hawaii
124.
Shield volcanoes have:
a)
gently sloping sides
b)
a steep cone shape
c)
moderately sized sides
d)
long cracks along plate boundaries
125.
When a volcano erupts, empties the magma chamber, and collapses the top leaving a huge hole.
a)
Dike
b)
Caldera
c)
Silica
d)
Geyser
126.
Explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent.
a)
Volcano bomb
b)
Geyser
c)
Geothermal energy
d)
Pyroclastic flow
127.
Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a:
a)
caldera
b)
pipe
c)
magma chamber
d)
vent
128.
Magma's resistance to flow, or how thick it is, is called:
a)
silica
b)
viscosity
c)
hot spot
d)
caldera
129.
The Hawaiian islands are made from this type of volcano.
a)
Composite
b)
Cinder Cone
c)
Shield
d)
Big
130.
Which is NOT a property of magma from an explosive eruption?
a)
thick and sticky
b)
high viscosity
c)
high silica content
d)
thin and runny
131.
Felsic (light-colored) magma has a...
a)
Low silica content
b)
High silica content
132.
Mafic (dark-colored) magma has a...
a)
high silica content
b)
low silica content
133.
This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield volcano
b)
Composite / Stratovolcano
c)
Cinder cone
d)
Fissure volcano
134.

Which type of volcano has steep angled sides, throws blobs of lava in the air that fall as cinders, and is built over a short period of time?

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

135.

Which type of volcano if found in the Hawaiian Islands with thick flowing, slow moving lava? This is the most common type of volcano on earth.

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

136.

What type of lava is this?

a)

'A'a

b)

Pahoehoe

137.

What type of lava is this?

a)

'A'a

b)

Pahoehoe

138.

What type of lava is this?

a)

'A'a

b)

Pahoehoe

139.

What type of lava is this?

a)

'A'a

b)

Pahoehoe

140.
Thick lava moves _________________ and is likely to 
a)
quickly, trap people
b)
slowly, trap people
c)
slowly, cause explosions
d)
quickly, cause explosions
141.

This is an image of a town near the erupting volcano, Rabaul (New Guinea). What most like affected this area?

a)

Ash fall

b)

Lava Flow

c)

Mudflow

d)

Poor taste in vehicles

142.

This image is showing a car downhill from an erupting volcano. What danger is most likely to affect this car?

a)

A pyroclastic flow

b)

A mudflow

c)

A lava flow

d)

A soft, "refreshing" puff of air

143.

This is an image of two scientists observing a(n) _____

a)

Lava flow

b)

Pyroclastic flow

c)

Ash Fall

d)

Mudflow

144.

Which of these is the best indication of the relative age of a rock layer?

a)

The chemical make-up of the layer

b)

The thickness of the layer

c)

The position of the layer compared to another layer

d)

The distance of the layer extending over Earth

145.
Analyze the seashell found in the white layer.  Which statement is true of the rock layer that contains this fossil?
a)
It could also contain a fossil from the bottom layer.
b)
It is older than the layers below it.
c)
It is younger than the layers above it.
d)
It is older than the layers above it.
146.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
147.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
148.
The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
a)
The absolute age of rock layers
b)
The age of fossils
c)
The relative age of rock layers
d)
the super powers of rocks
149.

This picture shows light-colored granite and darker diorite (igneous). Which statement is true?

a)

Granite (light) is younger because it is more continental.

b)

Granite is younger because it crosscuts the diorite.

c)

Diorite is older because its weathered surfaces are darker.

d)

All of these statements are true.

150.

Which of the following geologic events would have happened most recently?

a)

rock formation of 3

b)

rock formation of 6

c)

rock formation of 2

d)

rock formation of 1

151.

Carbon 14 has a half life of 5,730 years. If there is 50% of it left, how old is the sample?

a)

5,730

b)

11,460

c)

2,685

d)

17,190

152.

Of the layers listed here, which is the oldest ?

a)
A
b)
E
c)
D
d)
F
153.

Place the layers in order from oldest to youngest.

a)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

b)

7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

c)

1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6

d)

1, 2, 4, 3, 7, 5, 6

154.
Radiometric dating is possible because the rates of decay of radioactive isotopes _____.
a)
change over time
b)
change from place to place
c)
are constant
d)
vary widely
155.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
156.
The original element that undergoes radioactive decay is known as the...
a)
daughter element
b)
half-life
c)
parent element
d)
carbon-14
157.
What is the half-life of iodine-131?
a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
158.
Scientists use radioactive decay to measure...
a)
relative time
b)
absolute time
c)
half-lives
d)
time of day
159.

A break in the geologic record that is made when rock layers are ERODED over a long period of time

a)

superposition

b)

relative dating

c)

unconformity

d)

cross-cutting

160.

You have 100 grams of radioactive C-14. The half life of C-14 is 5730 years.

How many grams are left after 1 half life?

a)

100 grams

b)

25 grams

c)

2 grams

d)

50 grams

161.
The half-life of strontium-90 is 25 years. How much strontium-90 will remain after 100 years if the initial amount is 4.0 g?
a)
3.0g
b)
0.25mg
c)
0.3g
d)
0.25g
162.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
163.
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
a)
fossils get eroded away over time
b)
most organisms never became fossils
c)
scavengers and decomposers eat them too quickly
d)
all of the above
164.
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
a)
fossils get eroded away over time
b)
most organisms never became fossils
c)
scavengers and decomposers eat them too quickly
d)
all of the above
165.

Which Era has the most complex organisms?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Quaternary

166.

Which Era was mainly dominated by dinosaurs?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Jurassic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Paleozoic

167.

Which period is closest to present day?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Devonian

c)

Triassic

d)

Tertiary

168.

How many years ago did the Mesozoic Era begin?

a)

245 years

b)

245 million years

c)

65 years

d)

65 million years

169.

Mammals are a dominant group in which era?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cambrianozoic

170.

What type of event usually marks the end of an Era

a)

A Mass Extinction

b)

A Quinceanera

c)

An earthquake

d)

A Volcanic Eruption

171.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

d)

Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

172.

What era did trilobites, fishes, and other marine organisms dominate?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

173.

The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cenozoic

174.

90% of Earth’s history occurred during which era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

175.

At the end of this era, multi-cellular organisms like sponges, jellyfish and worms filled the oceans.

a)

Precambrian Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

176.

At the end of this era, multi-cellular organisms like sponges, jellyfish and worms filled the oceans.

a)

Precambrian Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

177.

The second broadest category of geologic time is______________?. The Cenozoic is one of them.

a)

era

b)

eon

c)

epoch

d)

period

178.

The period of geologic time when the biodiversity of life on the planet increased dramatically was

a)

Jurassic

b)

Triassic

c)

Permian

d)

Cambrian

179.

What are the names of ALL parts of the geologic time scale in correct order from broadest to narrowest?

a)

era, period, eon

b)

eon, era, period, epoch

c)

era, eon, epoch, period

d)

eon, era, epoch, period

180.
Scientists chose where units of geologic time began and ended based on major changes in life forms at certain times.
a)
true
b)
false
181.

This change in life marked the beginning of the paleozoic era and took us out of precambrian time.

a)

hard parts and exoskeletons

b)

soft parts and exoskeletons

c)

oxygen and soft parts

d)

oxygen and one celled organisms

182.

True or False. The permian extinction wiped out nearly 95% of all life on Earth 251 million years ago.

a)

True

b)

False

183.

When did the first birds appear?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Permian

c)

Cretaceous & Triassic

d)

Mesozoic and Jurassic

184.

When did the first birds appear?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Permian

c)

Cretaceous & Triassic

d)

Mesozoic and Jurassic

185.

The break up of this super continent at the end of the mesozoic era, created large amounts of diversity on Earth

a)

pangea

b)

panthalsia

c)

gondwana

d)

laurasia

186.
What is a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found?
a)
a petrified fossil
b)
a trace fossil
c)
a cast fossil
d)
an index fossil
187.
What is a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found?
a)
a petrified fossil
b)
a trace fossil
c)
a cast fossil
d)
an index fossil
188.
During which geologic era did trilobites, mosses and ferns first appear in the fossil record?
a)
Paleozoic
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Precambrian
189.
During which geologic era did trilobites, mosses and ferns first appear in the fossil record?
a)
Paleozoic
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Precambrian
190.

During which periods did the first land plants, vertebrates, and insects appear?

a)

Triassic

b)

Silurian

c)

Cambrian

d)

Devonian

191.

Which type of fossil would look just like the body part of a once-living thing?

a)

mineral

b)

footprint

c)

cast

d)

petrified wood

192.

What replaces the wood of a once-living thing to form petrified wood?

a)

amber

b)

cast

c)

mold

d)

minerals

193.

This type of fossil forms when a mold is filled with sand or mud that hardens into the shape of the organism.

a)

Mold

b)

Cast

c)

Trace

d)

Petrified

194.

These fossils are distinguishable from other fossils because they were scattered over a large region, very common, and lived during a short span of geologic time

a)

Mold

b)

Cast

c)

Trace

d)

Index

195.

What type of fossil is pictured?

a)

Cast

b)

Mold

c)

Trace

d)

Petrified

196.
What type of fossil is this?
a)
Mold
b)
Cast
c)
Carbon Film
d)
Trace fossil
197.
What type of fossil is this?
a)
Preserved remains
b)
Petrified
c)
Mold
d)
Cast
198.
What type of fossil is this?
a)
Mold 
b)
Cast
c)
Preserved remains
d)

Replaced remains

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