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Earth Science Final Review

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 3hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In 1897, Joseph Thomson discovered that atoms contained electrons. He proposed a change in the atomic theory of that time, and the theory was modified because of his discovery. Since Thomson’s discovery, atomic theory has been further modified. What is the best explanation for why scientific theories are modified?

a)

Theories more than ten years old are usually out of date.

b)

Scientists want to prove that the work of other scientists is wrong.

c)

New evidence that supports a change prompts scientists to modify earlier theories.

d)

So much information is available today that it is harder to focus research and disprove theories.

2.
Scientific theories are based on
a)
general assumptions of how systems work.
b)
mathematical principles that can be proven true.
c)
large amounts of data collected over time.
d)
observations from within only one scientific discipline.
3.
Scientific theories do not change once they have been written down.
a)
True
b)
False
4.

Which of these can change when new evidence is presented?

a)

theory

b)

law

5.

Which of these describes a natural phenomenon or relationship that always occurs under specific conditions

a)

theory

b)

law

6.

Which of these can be represented mathematically and provide no explanation why a phenomenon occurs?

a)

theory

b)

law

7.

Scientists create both scientific theories and scientific laws as they make observations and conduct experiments about the natural world. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the difference between scientific theories and scientific laws

a)

science laws are based on evidence while science theories are not

b)

science theories involve only biology, while laws involve all types of science

c)

science theories involve mathematical equations, while science laws are based on observations

d)

science theories are ideas that explain natural events, while science laws predict what will happen in a natural event.

8.
What is a theory?
a)
Describes what happens
b)
Explains a process
9.
What is a law?
a)
Describes what happens
b)
Explains a process
10.

Which layer is the HOTTEST?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

11.

What state of matter is the inner core?

a)

Solid

b)

Solid but flexible

c)

Liquid

12.

What layer has convection currents?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer Core

13.

What layer is liquid and makes a magnetic field?

a)

Outer Core

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Crust

14.

What is the mantle made of?

a)

Rocks

b)

Iron and nickel

15.
This layer is the thinnest layer and is made of solid rock.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
16.
This layer is partly made up of solid rock, and the other part of this layer is thick, liquid rock (kind of like syrup).
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
17.
This layer is completely made up of liquid metal.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
18.
This layer is a solid ball of metal.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
19.
This layer includes all dry land and the Ocean floor.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
20.

This type of rock forms when layers of sediment are "glued" together by dissolved minerals.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Hard rock

21.

This type of rock forms when existing rock is changed to new rock by extreme heat and pressure.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Hard rock

22.

This type of rock forms when molten (melted) rock from beneath Earth's surface cools and hardens.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Hard rock

23.
Scientists determine what Earth’s interior looks like by using:
a)
Volcanoes
b)
Seismic Waves
c)
Continental Drift
d)
Convection Currents
24.

Why are there more animal fossils than plants?

a)

Animals have hard parts that decay slower than soft plant parts

b)

Animals live longer than plants

c)

Animals could run away

25.

The Big Bang Theory offers an explanation about the formation of the universe as we know it. Discoveries and the dialogue that follow continue to add more evidence supporting the theory. New evidence leads to logical reasoning about the details of the universe's beginning and adds more credibility to the theory. How does scientific theory relate to the scientific method of inquiry?

a)

Theory cannot be tested.

b)

Theory determines observations.

c)

Theory cannot be shared with others.

d)

Theory changes as new data is collected.

26.

Abiotic can be defined as?

a)

An organism that is alive

b)

Non-living parts of the environment

c)

Living Parts of the environment

d)

A new kind of Pokemon that lives with Pikachu

27.
Which statement correctly defines wind?
a)
Wind is the movement of air from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure
b)
Wind is the movement of air to a colder area in the atmosphere.
c)
Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
d)
Wind is the movement of air pushed around and bouncing off Earth's surface.
28.
Why does warm air rise?
a)
Warm air is more dense than cooler air.
b)
Warm air has more pressure than cooler air.
c)
Warm air is less dense than cooler air.
d)
Warm air has a higher dew point than cooler air.
29.
A heavy storm that is accompanied by rain, thunder, lightning, and strong winds.
a)
Hurricane
b)
Tornado
c)
Thunderstorm
30.
Begins when warm moist air over the oceans rises rapidly, condenses forming clouds. This releases latent heat which increases the force of rising air.
a)
hurricane
b)
tornado
c)
thunderstorm
31.
A violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cloud.
a)
Hurricane
b)
Tornado
c)
Thunderstorm
32.

This is usually the most damaging and deadly part of a hurricane, where winds force the ocean water onto land with tremendous force.

a)

Eye

b)

Lightning

c)

Storm surge

d)

Hail

33.

The state of the earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place is called

a)

Maryland

b)

meteorology

c)

climate

d)

weather

34.

What are the two main factors that determine the climate of an area?

a)

average precipitation and humidity

b)

average temperature and air pressure

c)

average wind conditions and humidity

d)

average temperature and precipitation

35.

What is climate?

a)

What's going on with the atmosphere at any particular time

b)

The type of weather that occurs during a particular season

c)

An area's pattern (averages) of weather over a long period of time

d)

How much sunshine an area gets

36.

Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates (lithosphere) to move?

a)

Energy from the Sun

b)

Magnetic Pole Reversal

c)

Convection currents in the mantle (asthenosphere)

d)

Faults in Mountain Ranges

37.
The earth's surface is broken up into about a dozen of these.
a)
tectonic plates
b)
lahars
c)
hot spots
d)
VEI's
38.

As seismologists study all their instruments, data, and images, they are able to accurately predict exactly when and where earthquakes will occur.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of plants. The transfer of energy from radiant energy to chemical energy involves which of the following of Earth’s systems?

a)

atmosphere and biosphere

b)

biosphere and geosphere

c)

cryosphere and hydrosphere

d)

geosphere and cryosphere

40.

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located on a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The plates spread apart about 2.5 centimeters each year releasing thermal energy. Which of the following earth systems are impacted by the movement of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

a)

atmosphere and biosphere

b)

cryosphere and hydrosphere

c)

geosphere and cryosphere

d)

hydrosphere and geosphere

41.

Which example demonstrates an interaction between the geosphere and the atmosphere?

a)

waves

b)

El Niño

c)

hurricane

d)

photosynthesis

42.

The water cycle describes the different forms that water can take while moving through the ecosystem. Which of the following processes contributes most to the movement of water from the atmosphere to land?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Precipitation

c)

Condensation

d)

Crystallization

43.
Bobby observed that a metal trash can was covered with rust.  What type of weathering caused the rust on the trash can?
a)
Mechanical weathering 
b)
Wind weathering
c)
Chemical weathering
d)
Erosion weathering
44.
A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?
a)
Warm air melted the rock.
b)
Sun rays evaporated the rock.
c)
Ocean waves washed away rock.
d)
Plant roots pushed away the rock.
45.
The natural chemical or physical processes that breaks down rock on Earth's surface.
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
jackhammering
46.
Potholes forming in the road after a cold winter is an example of:
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
47.
What is sediment?
a)
the process of rocks being broken down and carried away
b)
bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks
c)
the top layer of the soil
d)
decaying plant or animal material 
48.
What happens when weathering and erosion work together?
a)
New Mountains are created
b)
The climate changes overnight
c)
Metal objects become rusty
d)
They change the Earth's surface
49.
This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
50.
This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?
a)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
d)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
51.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
52.
What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? 
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
temperature and pressure
c)
melting and cooling
d)
compaction ad cementation
53.

How could you describe the 'Rock Cycle?'

a)

molten rock that is stored underground and then erupts

b)

rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.

c)

The never-ending processes that changes one type of rock into another type of rock.

54.

Describe the most likely relationship between these mountains and nearby tectonic plates.

a)

The mountains are probably formed by earthquakes

b)

The mountains are probably formed by the movement of glaciers

c)

The mountains are probably located near the edge of 2 tectonic plates.

d)

The mountains are probably formed by running water.

55.

Tectonic Plate movement is caused by ______________.

a)

the rotation of the Earth

b)

ocean tides

c)

convection currents in the mantle

d)

the moon's gravity

56.
In which type of boundary do the plates move away from each other?
a)
convergent
b)
normal
c)
divergent
d)
transform
57.
At which type of plate boundary does seafloor spreading occur?
a)
Tranform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Subductive Zone
58.
At which type of boundary are mountains formed?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
59.
What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?
a)
convergent
b)
horizontal
c)
divergent
d)
transform
60.
The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using
a)
seismic waves.
b)
sonar.
c)
information from drilling expeditions.
d)
ocean waves.
61.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
62.
The atmosphere, the ground, and also bodies of water are all heated by the Sun's energy. How does this energy reach Earth?
a)
radiation
b)
conduction
c)
convection
d)
gravity
63.

Includes rivers and lakes

a)

geosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

biosphere

64.

Includes jaguars, palm trees, and bacteria

a)

geosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

biosphere

65.

Includes lava, magma, and minerals

a)

geosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

biosphere

66.

Includes the air you breathe

a)

geosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

biosphere

67.

When energy travels by waves

a)

radiation

b)

conduction

c)

convection

68.

Causes wind

a)

radiation

b)

conduction

c)

convection

69.

Scientists who study weather and try to predict it are called _____.

a)

astronomers

b)

climatologists

c)

meteorologists

d)

weatherologists

70.

The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and cloud in an area are known as its _____.

a)

climate

b)

weather

c)

global warming

d)

seasons

71.

Seasons are caused by _____.

a)

Earth's varying distance from the sun

b)

Earth's changing rate of rotation

c)

the tilt of Earth's axis as Earth revolves around the sun

d)

shifting climates on Earth's surface

72.

Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Oxygen

73.

In which situation would you use weather instruments?

a)

To predict the future

b)

To decide what to eat for lunch

c)

To predict an upcoming storm

d)

To figure out why your head hurts

74.

The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth is called ____

a)

the precipitation cycle

b)

the water cycle

c)

the condensation cycle

d)

the evaporation cycle

75.

What  happens at a transform boundary?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Earthquakes

76.

Which wave is the fastest?

a)

P wave

b)

S wave

77.
What is going on with the atmosphere at any particular time.
a)
Weather
b)
Climate
78.
Daily temperature, daily rainfall, daily amount of sunshine
a)
Weather
b)
Climate
79.
Determines the type of animals that can live there.
a)
Weather
b)
Climate
80.
Wind speed is changing as the Hurricane moves over land.
a)
Weather
b)
Climate
81.
______ affects weather and climate because it heats the Earth unevenly.
a)
latitude
b)
altitude
c)
atmosphere
d)
sunlight
82.
______ is the average pattern for weather over a long period of time.
a)
climate
b)
weather
c)
forecast
d)
sunlight
83.
What are the two main factors that determine the climate of an area?
a)
precipitation and humidity
b)
temperature and air pressure
c)
wind conditions and humidity
d)
temperature and precipitation
84.

Why does warm air rise?

a)

it is less dense than cool air

b)

it is more dense than cool air

c)

it is heavier than cool air

d)

it particles have less energy than cool air

85.

The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is

a)

using public transportation and there by reduce the affects of greenhouse gases.

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

86.
 What is the greenhouse effect?
a)
The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.
b)
The cooling of Earth due to air pollution.
c)
The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
87.
What gas from the list below is a cause for global warming?
a)
Urethane
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
88.
Earth's ________ on its axis causes day and night.
a)
rotation
b)
revolution
c)
phase
d)
comet
89.
One full orbit of an object around another object is called a ________.
a)
axis
b)
rotation
c)
revolution
d)
satellite
90.
This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
91.
Composed of all the water on or near the earth
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
92.
This sphere is composed of all the living things 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
93.
Body of air surrounding our planet. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
94.
Water evaporating from the surface of a lake moves from the...
a)
Atmosphere to the geosphere 
b)
Geosphere to the hydrosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere to the atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere to the hydrosphere 
95.
When a plants takes carbon dioxide from the air which two spheres are interacting? 
a)
Biosphere and atmosphere 
b)
Geosphere and atmosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere and atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere and atmosphere 
96.
Scientists hypothesize that a super continent existed 200 million years ago.  This continent is called
a)
America
b)
Super Earth
c)
Pangea
d)
Eurasia
97.

Wind always moves from _______ pressure to _______ pressure

a)

high, low

b)

low, high

98.

Type of front where cold air replaces warm air.

a)

cold front

b)

warm front

c)

stationary front

d)

occluded front

99.

4.It is the theory that Earth's crust is broken up into plates.

a)

Plate Tectonic Theory

b)

Modernized Theory

c)

Chromatography Theory

100.

The amount of matter in an object

a)

Volume

b)

Mass

c)

Density

d)

Lithosphere

101.

Plant roots putting pressure on rock, eventually splitting the rock into two pieces with which type of weathering?

a)

Mechanical Wearthing

b)

Chemical Weathering

102.

Erosion:

a)

a localized and stationary pollution source.

b)

the process of being removed by wind, water, or other natural agents.

c)

To move from one place to another

d)

is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest.

103.

What drives the movement of air on earth?

a)

Gravity

b)

The sun

c)

The moon

d)

The mountains

104.

The process by which rocks are broken down

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

d)

Sedimentation

105.

The process in which wind, water, ice or gravity transport rock fragments from one location to another

a)

Weathering

b)

Sedimentation

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

106.

Acid rain slowly wearing away rock over time is an example of...

a)

chemical weathering

b)

physical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

107.

Why may fossil of the same organism be found on different continents?

a)

Because the continents were once together

b)

Similar fossils should not be found on different continents

c)

Because fossils change over time

d)

Because of the Evolution of the Earth

108.

Which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

fossils

109.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

110.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
111.

Energy in the form of heat moves throughout the water cycle. What is the original source of the energy that moves through the water cycle?

a)

the Sun

b)

radioactive decay

c)

the greenhouse effect

d)

atmospheric convection

112.
Where do hurricanes form?
a)
In the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean near the equator
b)
In the cool waters of the North Sea
c)
In the Pacific Ocean near Japan
d)
In
113.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
114.
TRUE or FALSE?
All of the carbon in existence is continually recycled in the carbon cycle.
a)
True
b)
False
115.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
116.

Plants use ____________________ to make their own food.

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

Materials

d)

Gravity

117.

How do animals get carbon?

a)

By eating plants and or other animals.

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere.

c)

From the ground

d)

They do not get carbon from anywhere.

118.

Humans burn fossil fuels and wood, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by trees for photosynthesis. These processes are contributory to which chemical cycle?

a)

The carbon cycle

b)

The water cycle

c)

The nitrogen cycle

d)

The phosphorous cycle

119.

How does the human body return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

a)

Waste products

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Cellular respiration

d)

Formation of glucose

120.

What types of weathering are there?

a)

mental and astronomical

b)

the rainy kind

c)

sedimentary and metamorphic

d)

chemical and mechanical

121.

 

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—

a)

keeps the rocks in place

b)

expands cracks and breaks rocks

c)

makes the rocks last longer

d)

causes rocks to fall in landslides

122.

 

Statue of Liberty has changed colors over time because oxygen has caused the surface of the copper it is made of to change into a new chemical (just like copper pennies turn green). What kind of weathering is this?

a)

mechanical

b)

chemical

123.

________ is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, water, or ice.

a)

sedimentary

b)

deposition

c)

erosion

124.

________ is the process of moving away sediments at the Earth's surface. 4 agents move sediment: Water, Wind, Glaciers, and Mass Wasting (gravity).

a)

deposition

b)

weathering

c)

erosion

125.

How do plants cause erosion?

a)

during photosynthesis

b)

when roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock

c)

when the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves

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