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WorksheetsFinal Exam Review
Total questions: 138
Worksheet time: 3hrs 55mins
No two species can occupy exactly the same (a) at exactly the same time in exactly the same area.
Unlimited access to resources
No predators
Competition for resources
Predators control population growth
"S"-shaped curve
"J"-shaped curve
For most food webs, energy FIRST comes from the...
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Producers
Sun
Which of the following macromolecules can be used by organisms as a source of energy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Predators
Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas
Rocks
Disease
Algae
Plants
Rabbit
Heterotrophs
Herbivores
Autotrophs
Decomposers (Mushrooms)
Omnivores
Carnivores
Reorder the following from the highest/largest level (5) to the lowest/smallest level (1)
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Match the following
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Decomposer
Predators can affect the (a) of a prey population. An increase in predators leads to a increase in the prey population's (b) , causing the growth rate of the prey population to (c) .
Parasitism
Disease spread
Predator-prey relationships
Competition
Wildfires
Severe weather events
Natural disasters
Which of the following can impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Changes in climate
Human population density
Immigration and emigration of populations within the ecosystem
Phases of the moon
If the population size of a prey species decreases significantly, what might happen the population size of the population of the predator species?
The predator species will go extinct
The carrying capacity of the predator species will increase, then stabilize
The carrying capacity of the predator species will decrease, then stabilize
The carrying capacity of the predator species will increase, causing the prey species to go extinct
Which line represents the carrying capacity of this population?
Which of the following adaptations are examples of species behaviors that increase an organism's fitness? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!
Wolves hunting in packs.
Sharper claws on tigers
Trees growing taller
Migration
Which of the following are used to describe a species' niche? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!
Reproductive behaviors (courtship rituals)
Climate tolerance
Location on a food web
Size of population
Shows the linear flow of energy in a group of organisms
Shows all feeding interactions within organisms in an ecosystem
Label the organisms in the food web with their correct trophic level.
Secondary Consumer
Producer
Tertiary Consumer
Primary Consumer
How would decomposers be added to this food web?
An arrow from decomposers to grass
An arrow from decomposers to all organisms
An arrow from all organisms to decomposers
An arrow from the tertiary consumers to decomposers
In food chains/webs, arrows show the movement of (a) from one organism to another. Arrows move from the (b) to the (c) .
Select the line on the graph that shows primary succession.
Select the line on the graph that shows secondary succession.
Which section of the succession graph would most likely be caused by a wildfire?
Which ecological succession graph would most likely represent biodiversity on a newly formed island?
Match the following examples of species interaction with the correct definition.
One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed
Commensalsim
Both species benefit
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
Primary consumers eating plants
Herbivory
Match the following
Decomposer
Herbivore
Omnivore
Carnivore
Detritivore
Which sphere of earth contains all life?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Atmosphere
Which sphere of earth contains all of the rock found on Earth?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Atmosphere
Which sphere of earth stretches all the way PAST the moon?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Atmosphere
Reorder the following gases from least abundant (1) to most abundant (4) in Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon Dioxide
Argon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Most of Earth's water is (a) found in Earth's (b) . The rest of Earth's water, the water tha organisms need, is (c) . Most of this is trapped in (d) .
Which of the following factors affect a region's climate?
Geographic features
Consumer populations
Longitude
Latitude
The global ecological patterns shaped by direct human interactions with ecosystems (including dense settlements, croplands, and rangelands)
(a)
Microbial life has formed a symbiotic relationship inside of our digestive system. This biome full of incredibly tiny organisms is better known as the...
(a)
Which of the following is NOT a trophic level?
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Decomposer
Predator
An area with a particular combination of physical and biological environmental factors that affect which organisms can live within it.
NIche
Habitat
Microhabitat
Biome
What can happen to a species if an environmental condition falls to far below their range of tolerance.
The species can go extinct
The species will experience exponential growth
The birth rate of the species will increase
The death rate of the species will decrease
The (a) exclusion principle states that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same area at exactly the same time.
Match the following
Ecosystem Diversity
Variety of habitats in biosphere
Species Diversity
Different types of organisms in area
Genetic Diversity
Different alleles present in species
Access to new medicines, agriculture, and ecosystem resiliency are all examples of...
benefits of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
ecosystem services
conservation biology
Which of the following are methods used to conserve and protect biodiversity?
Habitat corridors
Endangered species act
Using fertilizers and pesticides to eliminate pests on farms
Planting only crops with the best traits
Immigration
Emmigration
Increased Birth Rate
Decreased Death Rate
Increased Death Rate
Decreased Birth Rate
Population (a) is the number of individuals that can be found per unit area.
Which of the following is NOT an example of population distribution?
Clumping
Uniform
Random
Organized
The image shown is an example of a...
Population growth curve
Population pyramid
Population distribution
Carrying capacity
The widespread decrease in biodiversity of Earth over a given period of time.
Mass extinction
Background extinction
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Organisms that can make their own energy.
(a)
Organisms that must consume other organisms to get energy.
(a)
Label the diagram.
Chloroplast
Plant Cell
Granum
Thylakoids
Stroma
Label the diagram.
ADP/NADP+
ATP/NADPH
Glucose
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Stroma
Oxygen
Light Energy
Thylakoid
Reorder steps involved in photosynthesis from the first (1) to last (5)
Light energy reaches chlorophyll pigments found within the thylakoid.
Light energy hydrolyzes water, creating hydrogen and releasing oxygen as waste.
NADPH transports hydrogen to the stroma. ATP is also created in this process.
Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata and is broken down using the energy from NADPH and ATP.
Glucose is created and released to the plant cell while ADP and NADP+ are transported back to the thylakoid.
Label the molecule of ATP.
Phosphate Groups
Ribose
Adenine
Which bonds are broken to release energy within an ATP molecule.
Reorder the following molecules from MOST stable (1) to LEAST stable (3)
Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine Diphosphate
(ADP)
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP)
Reorder the following molecules from the MOST stored energy(1) to LEAST stored energy (3)
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP)
Adenosine Diphosphate
(ADP)
Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)
Uses sunlight to create its own energy.
Consumes other organisms to get energy.
Tree
Seaweed
Bunny
Human
Algae
Decomposers
Organize these options into the right categories.
Carbon Dioxide Gas
Water
Light Energy
Oxygen Gas
Glucose
Organize these options into the right categories.
Carbon Dioxide Gas
Water
ATP
Oxygen Gas
Glucose
Plants are generally green because of (a) , which is a (b) that absorbs all wavelengths of light except green, which it reflects. This pigment is found in the (c) membrane.
Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle within a cell?
(a)
Which of the following would INCREASE the rate of photosynthesis?
Light with mostly green wavelengths
High-intensity light
More water
Less carbon dioxide
Which of the following would DECREASE the rate of photosynthesis?
High light-intensity
Reduced carbon dioxide
Access to water
Temperatures below 0C.
The chemical formula for glucose is...
(a)
The chemical formula for water is...
(a)
The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is...
(a)
The chemical formula for oxygen gas is...
(a)
Photosynthesis converts (a) into (b)
A student conducts the experiment shown in the image. The bubbles in the water would likely be which of the following chemicals?
Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
A student conducts the experiment shown in the image. If the light was turned off and the plant was left to sit overnight, the bubbles would most likely be which chemical?
Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
A student conducted the experiment shown in the image. If the students wanted to measure the impact of a different COLOR of light, which of the following variables should they keep THE SAME (i.e. control variables)?
Species of plant
Color of light
Intensity of light
Concentration of carbon dioxide in the water
A student conducted the experiment shown in the image. They measured the impact of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. What would their independent variable be?
Rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Time
Wavelength of light
A student conducted the experiment shown in the image. They measured the impact of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. What would their experimental group be?
Different rate of photosynthesis
Different light intensity
Different time
Different wavelength of light
A student conducted the experiment shown in the image. They measured the impact of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. What would their dependent variable be?
Rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Time
Different wavelength of light
Which of the following macromolecules can be used as a source of energy?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
The first stage of cellular respiration.
(a)
The second stage of cellular respiration.
(a)
The third stage of cellular respiration.
(a)
Organize these options into the right categories.
Oxygen
Glucose
Carbon Dioxide
Water
ATP
In organisms, (a) respiration requires oxygen while (b) respiration does not.
Krebs Cycle
Photosynthesis
Electron Transport
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in cytoplasm
Occurs inside mitochondria
Occurs in mitochondrial membrane
Uses 2 ATP but produces 4 ATP
Produces 2 ATP
Produces 30 ATP
Sends high-energy NADH to the final stage
Anaerobic
Produces carbon dioxide
Breaks down glucose into two three-carbon molecules
Sends high-energy NADH and FADH2 to the final stage
Uses high-energy molecules from the other stages to generate ATP
Produces water as a waste product
(a) fermentation occurs in muscle cells during exercise and can lead to muscle soreness. (b) fermentation occurs in yeast cells and is used to make bready more fluffy and airy.
(a) occur in plants. (b) occurs in all animals.
Which of the following processes move water in the hydrologic cycle.
Evaporation
Transpiration
Precipitation
Sedimentation
Organic compounds contain which element?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Which processes move carbon in the carbon cycle?
Evapotranspiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Burning Fossil Fuels
During summer months in Nebraska, carbon dioxide levels should likely be...
...higher than average.
...lower than average.
(a) is best known for his theory of (b) by the process of (c) .
This term describes the process by which a population changes over a period of time.
(a)
Determine whether the following statements about evolution are TRUE or FALSE.
Organisms that are best adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
The biggest organisms in a population survive.
Giraffes have long necks because they have to stretch them out to reach the leaves.
Survival of the fittest is required for evolution to occur.
Which of the following forms of evidence did Charles Darwin NOT use when developing his theory of natural selection?
Thomas Malthus' writings on overpopulation
The fossil record
DNA from Galapagos tortoises
Similar species of finches found in the Galapagos
Beneficial traits elected by the environment
Beneficial traits selected by a breeder
Example: camouflage of the peppered moth
Example: breeding only cows that produce the most milk
Darwin claimed that all species descended from a common
(a)
Darwin noticed that different, but physically similar species inhabited separate, ecologically (a) habitats.
Darwin noticed that animals like the glyptodont (seen in this image) looked similar to modern day species (like the armadillo), providing more evidence for...
genetic similarities
descent from a common ancestor
heredity
artificial selection
Many organisms produce (a) offspring than can survive. Many of those offspring will (b) , and only those with higher levels of (c) will survive long enough to (d) .
The gradual development and diversification of organisms from their earlier ancestors.
Natural selection
Evolution
Heredity
Artificial selection
Which of the following is NOT required for natural selection to occur?
Inherited variation
Best traits are always passed down
Survival of the fittest
Competition for resources
Organize the forms of adaptations to their correct category.
Cryptic coloration
evolved resemblance to another object/species
warning coloration to scare away predators
used to blend in to surroundings
What term describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment?
(a)
Rank the following organisms from MORE RECENT common ancestor to birds (1) to LESS RECENT common ancestor to birds (5)
Crocodiles
Snakes
Turtles
Amphibians
Bony Fish
This image is an example of what type of structure?
Analogous Structure
Vestigial Structure
Homologous Structure
Adapted Structure
The wings in this image are an example of what type of structure?
Analogous Structure
Vestigial Structure
Homologous Structure
Adapted Structure
Whales have remnants of leg bones, despite not have legs. This is an example of which type of structure?
Analogous Structure
Vestigial Structure
Homologous Structure
Adapted Structure
These types of structures go through similar development (thanks to a common ancestor) despite serving very different functions.
(a)
Many marine (water) animals have developed fins to help them swim, despite not having a recent common ancestor. This is an example of which type of structure?
(a)
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY - Which of the following can be used as evidence for evolution by natural selection?
Similar developmental stages.
Species living in the same environment.
Species using or not using traits.
Similarities between DNA sequences.
Which of the following can lead to variation within a population?
Mutations in the genetic code
Gene shuffling during reproduction
Individual species trying to be better.
Changes within an ecosystem.
Which term describes a population of physically similar, interbreeding organisms?
(a)
A gene (a) is the shared common group of all (b) present within (c) .
Natural selection selects an (a) to survive.
Natural selection acts on an organism's (a) because that interacts with the (b) .
Which term describes the number of times an allele occurs within a gene pool?
Genetic variation
Allelic frequency
Genetic frequency
Allosome
What is the allelic frequency of the black fur allele in this population?
(a)
The gene pool is shown for the fur color gene within a population. How many rats are there in this population?
(a)
Individuals (a) evolve during their lifetimes.
Organize these examples into the correct category of natural selection.
Individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness
Average individuals have higher fitness
Individuals at both ends of a curve have higher fitness
Example: Peppered moth populations getting darker.
Example: short tails on cats mess with their balance, while really long tails can get in the way
Example: Both dark- and light-colored mice do better in their respective environments.
A change in allelic frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population is known as genetic...
(a)
Which of the following could lead to genetic drift?
Volcanic eruption
Meteor strike
Migration
Evolution
A genetic (a) occurs when a (b) subgroup of a larger population (c) . Individuals in the new population may carry alleles that differ in relative (d) from the original population.
Genetic equilibrium occurs when...
allelic frequencies are changing.
allelic frequencies are not changing.
species are evolving.
a natural disaster happens.
What term describes the formation of a new species?
(a)
Reproductive isolation occurs when members of a population...
start breeding with another population.
stop breeding with other members of the same population.
stop breeding with another population.
stop breeding altogether.
Match the following examples with their corresponding form of reproductive isolation.
Birds of paradise evolving different colors to attract their mates.
Different species of Galapagos finch remain on their own islands.
Several orchid species flower at different times of year.
One species of lizard lives in the tree while another lives on the ground.
Populations stop breeding due to changes in courtship rituals or other behaviors.
Barriers like rivers and mountains prevent populations from breeding.
Two or more species reproduce at different times.
Species occupy different habitats within the same ecosystem.
(a) radiation (also known as divergent evolution) is the process in which a single species evolves into several distinct species.
(a) evolution is the appearance of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms.
(a) evolution is a form of coevolution when one species evolve in response to changes in the other. This relationship becomes so specific that neither organism can survive without the other. (b) coevolution describes how life and earth have evolved together (for example, photosynthetic organisms changing the composition of Earth's atmosphere).
(a) describes the (b) patterns in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events. (c) describes (d) , day-to-day changes in temperature, precipitation, clouds, and wind.
Global climate systems are powered and shaped by (a) energy.
Which of the following are examples of greenhouse gases?
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Water Vapor (H2O)
Which of the following INCREASE the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Decreasing fossil fuel useage
Volcano eruption
Seasonal changes
Increasing factory farms, which increases
Your ecological footprint is the total amount of healthy (a) and (b) required to sustain your lifestyle
Reorder the following from LEAST amount of carbon dioxide released (1) to MOST amount of carbon dioxide released (5).
Cellular Respiration
Agriculture
Industrial Processes (Fossil Fuels)
Power Generation (Fossil Fuels)
Transportation (Fossil Fuels)
Water
Trees
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Animals
Which of the following are results of climate change?
Habitat loss
Ocean acidification
Fewer tornadoes
Changes in wind, cloud, and precipitation patterns
Sustainable development should...
increase the use of natural resources
provide for human needs
preserve ecosystems
reduce alternative energy forms
Which of the following are effects of deforestation?
Increase in atmospheric CO2
Decrease in habitat fragmentation
Decrease in biodiversity
Increase in natural habitats
In the 80s and 90s, a hole formed in this layer of the atmosphere. Thanks to worldwide banning of CFCs, the hole has since shrunk significantly in size.
(a)
Match the terms to their appropriate definitions
1950-Today
The Great Acceleration
Began with widespread fossil fuel use in the mid 1800s
The Industrial Revolution
The age of humans
The Anthropocene
The increase in average temperatures on Earth
Global Warming
Dramatic fluctuations in wind, cloud, precipitation, and temperature patterns on Earth
Climate Change
