Blood cells have a limited life span, and, as a result, they wear out and need to be continuously replaced in the body

Hemopoiesis occurs in different organs of the body, depending on the stage of development of the individual.

In a developing embryo, hemopoiesis initially occurs in which of the following?

In a developing embryo, hemopoiesis occurs later in which of the following?

After birth, hemopoiesis continues almost exclusively in which of the following?

Which of the following best describe the arrangement and composition of red bone marrow?

As the individual ages and becomes an adult, the red marrow is found primarily where?

Which of the following have red marrow that gradually accumulate fat and become yellow, losing their hemopoietic function in adulthood.

What type of stem cells can be found in the red bone marrow?

How many major cell lineages are produced by pluripotential stem cells from the red bone marrow?

Which of the following develop from the myeloid stem cell lineage?

Which of the following develop from the lymphoid stem cell lineage?

Which of the following describe the development of lymphoid stem cells into B lymphocytes?

Which of the following describe the development of lymphoid stem cells into T lymphocytes?

Both B and T lymphocytes reside in numerous peripheral lymphoid tissues, lymph nodes, and spleen. Here, they initiate immune responses when exposed to antigens.

Both the B and T lymphocytes are morphologically indistinguishable. Only the different protein markers on their cell surfaces allow these cells to be distinguished by immunohistochemical means.

Which of the following are nonnucleated cells and are the most numerous blood cells?

Which of the following are nonnucleated cells that extrude their nuclei during their maturation and enter the bloodstream without their nuclei?

Which of the following remain in the blood and perform their major functions within the blood vessels?

Which of the following are nucleated and subdivided into granulocytes and agranulocytes, depending on the presence or absence of granules in their cytoplasm?

Which of the following perform their major functions outside the blood vessels and migrate out of the blood vessels through capillary walls and enter the connective tissue, lymphatic tissue, and bone marrow?

Which of the following primarily functions to defend the body against bacterial invasion or the presence of foreign material?

Which of the following is the smallest, nonnucleated formed element that appears in the blood of all mammals?

Which of the following are membrane-bound cytoplasmic fragments or remnants of megakaryocytes (the largest cells in the bone marrow)?

Which of the following are produced when small, uneven portions of the cytoplasm separate or fragment from the peripheries of the megakaryocytes and are extruded into the bloodstream?

Which of the following continually monitors the vascular system and detects any damage to the endothelial lining of the vessels? If the endothelial lining breaks, these cells adhere to the damaged site and initiate a highly complex chemical process that produces a blood clot.

Which of the following repairs minor tears in the walls of the blood vessels and promote blood clotting, thus preventing blood loss?

Most leukocytes are concentrated in which tissue of different organs?

Which of the following leukocytes are granulocytes (presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm)?

Which of the following leukocytes are agranulocytes (absence of specific granules in their cytoplasm)?

Platelets or thrombocytes are not blood cells.

What is the purpose of the biconcave shape of the erythrocyte?

Mature mammalian erythrocytes in the circulation are nucleated biconcave disks surrounded by a cell membrane and filled with hemoglobin and some enzymes.

What is the average approximate life span of erythrocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes have a multi-lobed nucleus connected by thin chromatin strands?

Which of the following leukocytes are very active phagocytes that are attracted to foreign material by chemotactic factors?

Which of the following leukocytes destroy phagocytosed (ingested) material with lysosomal enzymes?

Which of the following leukocytes constitute approximately 60% to 70% of blood leukocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes typically have a bilobed nucleus?

Which of the following leukocytes are phagocytic cells with a particular affinity for antigen–antibody complexes that are formed in tissues after allergic responses?

Which of the following leukocytes release chemicals that neutralize histamine and other mediators related to inflammatory allergic reactions?

Which of the following leukocytes increase in number during parasitic infestation and defend the organism against helminthic parasites by destroying them?

Which of the following leukocytes constitutes about 2% to 4% of blood leukocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes have granules that contain histamine and heparin?

Which of the following leukocytes have a similar function to mast cells involving exposure to allergens resulting in a release of histamine and other chemicals that mediate and intensify inflammatory responses?

Which of the following leukocytes constitutes less than 1% of blood leukocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes have no granules in the cytoplasm and vary in size from small to large?

Which of the following leukocytes constitute about 20% to 30% of blood leukocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes differentiate into plasma cells in the connective tissue and produce antibodies to counteract or destroy the invading organisms, when stimulated by specific antigens?

Which of the following leukocytes are the largest agranular leukocytes characterized primarily by a horseshoe-shaped nucleus?

Which of the following leukocytes live in connective tissue for months where they become powerful phagocytes?

Which of the following leukocytes are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system?

Which of the following leukocytes constitute about 3% to 8% of blood leukocytes?

Which of the following have a short life span, ranging from hours to days?

Red bone marrow consists of densely packed cords and islands of blood-forming (hemopoietic) stem cells. They are surrounded by numerous macrophages and an abundant blood supply that form extensive and branching sinusoidal capillaries opening into the thin venous sinuses.

A connective tissue stroma of elastic cells and elastic fibers also forms a delicate meshwork that surrounds the islands of hematopoietic cells and provides support for the bone marrow.

During the maturation process, hemopoietic cells become smaller and their nuclear chromatin more condensed. As the blood cells pass through a series of developmental stages, they exhibit morphologic changes and become microscopically identifiable.

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of pluripotential stem cells, with a large cell with loose chromatin, one or two nucleoli, and a basophilic cytoplasm.

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of proerythroblasts, with a rim of basophilic cytoplasm and a more condensed nucleus without visible nucleoli?

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of basophilic erythroblasts, and experiences a decrease in basophilic ribosomes and an increase in the acidophilic hemoglobin content of their cytoplasm?

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of polychromatophilic erythroblasts, and experiences further reduction of the cell size, condensation of nuclear material, and a more uniform eosinophilic cytoplasm?

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of orthochromatophilic erythroblasts (normoblasts), after extruding its nucleus, with a small number of ribosomes stained in its cytoplasm?

Which of the following comes directly from the differentiation of reticulocytes, after losing its ribosomes?

Which of the following is the first recognizable precursor in the granulocytic cell line, and is a small cell with a large nucleus, dispersed chromatin, three or more nucleoli, and a basophilic cytoplasm rim that lacks specific granules?

Which of the following results from the differentiation of the myeloblasts, and exhibits numerous azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm with dispersed chromatin in the oval nucleus?

Which of the following results from the differentiation of the promyelocytes, is less basophilic and contains many azurophilic granules?

Which of the following is the last stage of the granulocyte line that can divide?

Which of the following results from the differentiation of the myelocytes, and has three forms of granulocytes, which can be recognized only by the increased accumulation and staining of the specific granules in their cytoplasm and have nuclei that appear bean or kidney-shaped?

Which of the following results are large cells with a basophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm largely free of specific granules and serve as precursor cells for platelets?

Which of the following metamyelocytes contains deep-staining azurophilic granules, lightly stained specific granules, and an indented, kidney-shaped nucleus?

Which of the following metamyelocytes exhibit red granules in the cytoplasm?

Which of the following metamyelocytes exhibit dark granules in the cytoplasm?

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

The cell being pointed at by the red arrow is a granulocyte.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

The cell being pointed at by the red arrow is a granulocyte.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the blue arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the blue arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the red arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the blue arrow.

The cell being pointed at by the blue arrow is an agranulocyte.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the blue arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the blue arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the green arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the green arrow.

The cell being pointed at by the green arrow is an agranulocyte.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the green arrow.

Identify the leukocyte being pointed by the green arrow.

The cell being pointed at by the green arrow is nucleated.

Which of the following contain specific granules in their cytoplasm?

Which of the following contain azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm?

Which of the following statements about neutrophils are true?

Neutrophilic granules stain salmon pink while eosinophilic granules stain bright pink.